Liu Luoguo's original name was Liu Yong, and together with Bao Zheng and Hai Rui, he was called "Qingtian's parent official" by the people.
The people who loved him also carried out secondary creations based on his deeds, such as the widely circulated Yu opera "Liu Yong Xia Nanjing", "Liu Yong Down to Shandong", "Liu Yong's Death"...
In general creation, people will mythologize the image of historical figures, but Liu Yong in Yu opera is the same as described by Ye Shi, with an ugly appearance, a Luo pot on his back, and a height of less than one meter six.
People's memories are like eating insects, devouring the real Liu Yong.
Until that day, someone discovered Liu Yong's tomb and slowly opened his coffin.
First, is he really a downright good person?
Liu Yong's family has been an official for generations, and his father is also the minister of military aircraft, Liu Tongxun.
Under the protection of his father, although his career has not been successful, he has also had many opportunities.
In ancient times, the hereditary system was pursued, and Liu Yong received the grace of this, he did not need to participate in the academy examination, the township examination, and the meeting examination, and directly from the palace examination, he was born to raise people.
Fortunately, he was not an embroidered pillow, and in the sixteenth year of Qianlong, he passed the Jin Shi examination, entered the Hanlin Academy, and later served as a prefect.
In the forty-first year of Qianlong, his father, who was used by the emperor, died.
When Qianlong was nostalgic for Liu Tongxun, he suddenly remembered that Liu Tongxun also had a son, saying that Liu Yong was "still excellent in learning, and people seemed to have talents", and asked him to "serve in Beijing, use it as a cabinet bachelor, and fill in vacancies."
Liu Yong, who became a cabinet bachelor, easily passed more than 40 people waiting for positions, first walking in the South Study Room, and then becoming a Jiangsu scholar, this opportunity is also jealous in modern times.
Literary prison was practiced throughout the dynasties, and reached its peak during the Qianlong period.
In the forty-third year of Qianlong, Liu Yong, a scholar and government student in Jiangsu, inspected the students in the Jintan, and one of them, a Xiucai named Yin Baoshan, submitted a piece of paper in the hall called "The Sacrifice of the Emperor", in which he said that Jiangnan Shi Xi was a man of the people, which was really courageous.
And Liu Yong commented: "I thought that I could hear and see nothing." ”
He believed that Yin Baoshan was slandering Jiangnan, so he ordered the government to detain Yin Baoshan on the spot, and in order to find out how many wild and unscrupulous remarks this person had, Liu Yong also sent people to search his home.
A group of people from the official government broke into Yin Baoshan's house, rummaged through the cabinets in the house, and finally found two copies of the poem "Xiu Ting Cao" in his home.
There is an article in "Ji Meng" that reads that "the surname is red, and the red one is Zhu Ye", and Liu Yong called it "absurd in his sentences and ambiguous in his heart", thinking that he cherished the previous dynasty and was uneasy and kind.
So he handed Yin Baoshan over to the superintendent for handling, and also urged the officials to find out the people who made the preamble and approve them and investigate and punish them together.
After Qianlong's reading, Long Yan was furious, angrily reprimanding the local officials for "what they do, what they should be guilty of", and accused the relevant local officials in Jiangsu of neglecting to investigate.
At first, he wanted to sentence Yin Baoshan to death, but after the trial by the Criminal Department was over, he learned that the poem also contained an attack on the Zhu clan, and that the poetry collection had not been widely disseminated, so Qianlong only opened his mouth and only exiled him to the outside army.
But the masses who witnessed all this knew that the family had come to an end.
After this incident, Yin Baoshan's late uncle Yin Huaipu and his four sons were all affected, and this rising talent fell violently before rising to the sky, shattered, and it was hopeless to take the road of shi.
What is valuable is that Yin Baoshan did not give up studying, and when he was exiled to Serbia, he also took his books of history with him, and later taught outside Guanwai, which greatly improved the cultural level of the local people and changed the local atmosphere, which was completely different from the situation in Jiangnan that he denounced before.
For this reason, the local people especially respected him and erected a shrine for him, that is, a shrine to commemorate the living.
Nian taught and educated people in Yin Baoshan all his life, and in his later years he was pardoned and returned to his hometown.
Yin Baoshan benefited others through good deeds, and then he also proved that good people have good rewards, but unfortunately good rewards do not mean good lives.
It seems that Liu Yong only exposed a small show talent, but in fact he stifled the development of talents in the Qing Dynasty and the development of the entire society.
Liu Yong's ambition is not small, there is more than one literal prison incident caused by him, through the literal prison, he has gained Qianlong's trust and promotion, but this means alone is not a long-term solution.
Later, he was bent on being promoted to a university scholar, but he was too hasty, but he made a lot of mistakes, so he was suppressed by Qianlong, his career was not smooth, and he almost lost his head.
After that, he was slumped, did not care about doing things, had no desire or demand, but prolonged his life, Prince Li Zhaozhi said of him: "More than 80 years old, light and healthy, eyes are bright, cold light shines people."
During the Jiaqing period, Liu Yong finally became a university scholar as he wished, and died at the age of 85, and the imperial court posthumously presented the crown prince Taibao, nicknamed "Wen Qing", and entered the temple of the virtuous and liang.
The Jiaqing Emperor granted him permission to return to his roots and was buried in Baijiazhuang, Fangshi Township, Gaomi City, Shandong Province, along with his wife Shan Shi.
Second, is "Liu Luo pot" really Luo pot?
Liu Yong was not at peace after his death, and his cemetery was destroyed by his descendants.
In 1958, Zhugou District, Gaomi City, Shandong Province, organized a meeting of 1,000 people to discuss how to expand the cultivated land area.
After intense discussion, everyone decided to clean and arrange the cemeteries in this area, and among the cemeteries that needed to be cleaned, there happened to be Liu Yong's graveyard.
In fact, the expansion of arable land is just an excuse.
In those days, everyone ate big pots of rice, everything was collective, and there were not many people who really worked hard.
Gradually, everyone did not have enough to eat, wear and warm, and every family had livelihood problems.
When survival becomes a problem, it is unrealistic to talk about customs and beliefs.
The villagers knew that Liu Yong was a great official of the Qing Dynasty and a great figure of Guangzong Yaozu, so there must be a lot of gold and silver treasures in his cemetery, and everyone thought so and salivated over Liu Yong's cemetery.
The villagers, who were living in poverty, were impatient, and after the congress decided to come down, they organized the personnel, took up hoes and shovels, and hastily dug up Liu Yong's grave that night.
With the perseverance of the villagers, just after dawn the next day, the gate of the tomb of this Qing Dynasty official was forcibly opened by external forces.
The moment the gate opened, many people cheered, which was a pleasant feeling after an all-night night.
After a night of hard work, the villagers put down their tools and walked into the tomb with anticipation.
Walking through the eerie green brick cemetery to the main room, the villagers saw only a festering coffin, surrounded by a lot of charcoal ash and wick grass that were said to illuminate the "Huangquan Road" for the deceased.
Faced with the empty and ruined scene in front of them, the villagers were dumbfounded.
Subsequently, the undying villagers searched the entire cemetery, and finally found only a two-centimeter seal, a small jade Buddha, a string of dynasty beads and a wat board for the upper dynasty.
The disappointed villagers, like trapped beasts driven by life, left the site with a handful of artifacts and headed for the next cemetery.
They let Liu Yong's bones continue to stay in the ransacked cemetery, and no one cares.
Later, two people came to an antique shop in Qingdao, saying that they had come to Liu Yong's cemetery to find a funeral object given by the emperor.
When the two found Liu Yong's crown, they looked at the top of the Qing Dynasty official, and they carefully looked at the top and finally took out a bead the size of a soybean.
Unfortunately, the bead was destroyed long before the villagers were digging wildly, and after listening to the opinions of the two, the villagers regretted not starting out.
According to Xue Jiashun, an old man who participated in the excavation, "If this bead is not bad, it can probably be sold for about 4,000 yuan, and later this bead was sold to this antique shop along with some other things, and the wat board was sold for 80 yuan, and the little jade Buddha was sold for 35 yuan." ”
Within a few days, state officials came to investigate the situation at Liu Yong's cemetery and transported the cultural relics that had not been sold to Beijing.
Soon after, archaeologists came to clean and study Liu Yong's grave.
In the cemetery, they also examined Liu Yong's bones and found that the braincase of the skeleton was large, about 25 centimeters in diameter, and the calf bone was about half a meter long.
After measurement, it is estimated that Liu Yong's true height is about 1.9 meters or more.
This height is so different from the statement of wild history that experts can't help but shout: "Wild history is not credible at all!" ”
The reason why people think that Liu Yong is short is mainly derived from the nickname "Liu Luoguo", and there are many stories related to it.
One came from Qianlong, it was rumored that when Liu Yong participated in the imperial examination, Qianlong personally presided over the examination, and the Qianlong Emperor saw Liu Yong's hunchback, so he asked the play: "Can you compose a poem on the theme of Luo Guo?" ”
After hearing this, Liu Yong replied indifferently: "Hunching on your back, your chest is high and full of meridians." Discern the traitor at a glance and jump the dragon gate on one leg. Dan Xin Fu Sheji, Tu Brain Xie Huangen. Those who take talent by appearance are not virtuous people. ”
His answer convinced Qianlong and appointed Liu Yong as the champion on the spot.
The second is still from Qianlong, and it is rumored that Liu Yongshang's posture of bowing down is strange, which caused ridicule from civil and military officials, and Qianlong also coaxed: "Liu Aiqing, if you worship like this, won't you become a Luo pot?" ”
Liu Yong immediately knelt down and thanked him: "Thank you Lord Longen!" ”
Qianlong was puzzled: "Why Shane? ”
Liu Yong smiled and said: "According to the Great Qing Law, the emperor gave the title of courtier, and the seal of one word could add 10,000 taels every year. Now that the emperor has sealed the word 'Luo Cauldron', the minister can take an extra 20,000 taels every year, which is really a great grace of the emperor! ”
His witty answer made Qianlong and Wen Wu Bai laugh.
There is also a saying that Liu Yong was not a hunchback, but only hunched over eighty years old, and was jokingly called "Liu Tuozi" by Jiaqing, and later was rumored by the people as "Liu Luoguo".
Either way, there is no actual textual record.
In the past, the barnyard officials who wrote wild histories collected street talk and hearsay for the emperor, and they were also called novelists, and they filled the gaps that were not in the duties of the historical officials.
Even historical officials will have times when they are bought and threatened by adulterers, not to mention barnyard officials who are not strictly disciplined.
Like Cui Zhu, the great doctor of the State of Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period, in order to cover up the fact that he killed the monarch, he cut three historical officials in a row, until the fourth historical official and the fifth alternate historical official continued to write down "Cui Zhu killed his jun", and he had to be angry.
The historical officials who went to the soup for the facts are a minority, and they are brave people who are at stake.
When Liu Yong investigated the case, he was aware of the situation and upheld justice for the people, and it was inevitable that he would offend some corrupt officials like Hejun.
3. Why is Liu Yong widely praised by the people?
Let the time go back to the forty-seventh year of Qianlong, that year Liu Yong shined brightly and investigated and handled the case of the praised Shandong Governor Guotai.
In April, Yushi Qian Feng participated in the Shandong Governor Guotai on charges of tyranny, embezzlement and violation of the law, and party smuggling.
Cathay is the uncle of the imperial princess, and he also has a good "friendship" with Hejun, and for a while, the government and the public are sensational.
In order to find out, Qianlong immediately sent Shang Shu and Juan to Shandong with Qian Feng to investigate the case, and at Qian Feng's request, Qianlong sent Liu Yong, who was the imperial historian at the time.
Qian Feng did this for a reason, Cathay was a confidant of Hejun, and since Cathay became the governor of Shandong, he had contributed 700,000 taels of silver to Hejun.
At that time, Liu Yonggang was just righteous, and it was known that Qian Feng believed that he could not succumb to Hejun's power like himself, so he chose him to be in charge of the case with him.
Naturally, Hejun was reluctant to cut off his financial fortune, and at the same time feared that this matter would implicate him, so he reported to Cathay, which brought a lot of trouble to the investigation.
But Cathay is doing whatever it wants in Shandong, so much so that people complain that paper can't contain the fire after all.
Hejun believes that everything is caused by Qian Feng, and if he can buy him, everything will be solved.
So he invited Qian Feng to his home, one would give Qian Feng a woman, the other would send Qian Feng gold and silver treasures, but Qian Feng was not moved, all refused, and then went to Shandong first.
Qian Feng is in the light, Liu Yong is in the dark.
While focusing on Qian Feng, Hejun also dragged Liu Yong and went to Shandong for a long time.
When Qianlong was urged, the two set off, and after Liu Yong arrived in Shandong, he pretended to be a Taoist and secretly investigated.
When Liu Yong returned to the court with the evidence, the imperial princess and the officials who were in cahoots with Helong had been lobbying for Cathay for many days.
The Cathay case is no longer just an investigation, many pairs of gloomy eyes are staring at Liu Yong, as long as he dares to tell the truth in the court, it is against the Helong forces.
Liu Yong was like a warrior who was not afraid of life and death, and he used evidence as a blade and lips and tongue as a shield to recount the crimes of Cathay to the imperial court:
Cathay lied about the disaster in Shandong as a bumper harvest and asked for merit;
looted people's wealth in the name of paying tribute to the emperor, causing dozens of prefectures and county treasuries to run deficits;
In order to cover up his crimes, he also killed nine soldiers and people who were pleading for the people's lives.
In the end, Cathay was executed, and more than 30 officials involved in the case were also dealt with.
He was a traitor and cunning, and he made two preparations before the incident, seeing that the wind was not in the right direction, and directly "destroyed his relatives with great righteousness", coupled with Qianlong's favoritism, he retreated completely in this case.
When the case ended, Hejun held a grudge against them, and many years later settled Qianfeng with a poisoned wine, while Liu Yong in his later years lost his former spirit, and escaped with Hejun and his cronies.
Qian Feng died with a backbone, while Liu Yong lost his backbone and lived.
Hou Yangfang said: "You can't think that you only master physiological parameters such as height, weight, blood type, and even each part of its skeleton, and have an X-ray photo, even if you know a living person." The same goes for knowing history. ”
People have two sides, to the people of Shandong, he is a good official who petitions for the people, and for the readers, he is a dog official who follows the rules.
Liu Yong was clean and honest all his life, but he did not lose his integrity, so Jiaqing gave him the nickname "Wen Qing" instead of "Wen Zheng".
People are flexible, if you want to understand a person or a thing, you need to get to the bottom of it, and it is ultimately a one-sided view, just as maintaining the prison of words is a characteristic of Liu Yong's era, and honesty and public service are his natural characteristics.
Bibliography:
"Famous Minister": reveals the "dishonorable" side of Ji Xiaolan and Liu Yong
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