text| Otani's brilliant notes
Edit| Otani's brilliant notes
●—≺ Assyrian origin and historical ≻—●
This paper aims to delve into the ethno-national identity of the Assyrians in Iraq. Iraq is a multi-ethnic, multi-religious country, and the Assyrians, as one of the important ethnic groups in Iraq, face the complex challenge of ethnic identity and national identity.
The relationship between the ethnic and national identity of the Iraqi Assyrians will be analyzed from various aspects, including historical background, cultural tradition, political environment and social factors, and possible ways to solve this problem will be explored.
The Assyrians are an ancient people in the ancient Middle East, dating back to around 2500 BC. The Assyrians built numerous powerful empires that had a profound impact on the political, economic, and cultural development of the Middle East.
Iraq is one of the important settlements of the Assyrian people, especially in the northern regions, such as Nineveh and Dohuk governorates. Due to historical migration and conflict, the number of Assyrians has declined over the past few decades.
The Assyrians have unique cultural traditions, including language, religion, costumes, and festivals. Assyrian is the main language of the Assyrians and belongs to the Aramaic language family.
Despite the challenges of cultural preservation and transmission, the Assyrians strive to preserve and pass on their cultural heritage.
The Assyrians have a deep awareness and sense of identity with their ethnic identity. They consider themselves descendants of the ancient Assyrian Empire and have a strong sense of identity with Assyrian culture, history, and traditions.
The importance that the Assyrians attached to traditional culture and religion was one of the important factors in forming their ethnic identity. Christianity is the dominant religion of the Assyrians, who see it as an important link in maintaining their Assyrian identity and cultural heritage.
The Assyrians have complex relationships with other ethnic groups in Iraq, such as the Arabs and Kurds. Historical conflicts and political problems have led to tensions and disputes between the Assyrians and other ethnic groups, which has led to a certain degree of suppression of the Assyrian ethnic identity.
Iraq is a multi-ethnic, multi-religious country, and the formation and development of national identity is influenced by historical, political and social factors. Although Islam is at the heart of Iraq's national identity, it also embraces the existence of other religions and peoples.
Assyrians have a relatively low status in Iraq's national identity, and they often feel ignored and marginalized. The Assyrians believe that their historical and cultural heritage is not fully represented and respected in Iraq's national identity.
The degree to which Assyrians identify with the Iraqi national identity varies from individual to individual. Some Assyrians actively participate in the political and social life of Iraq, working to preserve and promote pluralism of national identity.
Others are skeptical of Iraq's national identity because of historical conflict and oppression.
●—≺ the root cause of conflict between ethnic identity and national identity≻
The root causes of the conflict between the ethnic identity of the Assyrians and the national identity of Iraq mainly include historical conflicts, political power struggles, and disputes over land and resources.
The ethno-national identity conflict faced by the Assyrians manifests itself in the exclusion of political power, the marginalization of cultures and languages, the competition for land and resources, and restrictions on religious freedom.
The ethno-national identity conflict among the Assyrians has had important social and political implications in Iraq, including declining social stability, challenges to political legitimacy, and heightened tensions between different ethnic groups.
Political solutions include inclusive policies, national reconciliation, and increased representation and voice in the political system.
Cultural and educational solutions include strengthening the preservation and transmission of Assyrian culture and language, promoting the popularization of education about Assyrian history and culture, and providing equal cultural resources and opportunities.
Social and economic development solutions include promoting economic development and employment opportunities for the Assyrians, improving infrastructure and public services, and improving social welfare and quality of life.
Iraq experienced the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire and British colonization in the early 20th century. After the 1958 revolution, Iraq established a republic and experienced a series of regime changes and political upheaval.
These include the 1968 Basra coup, the rise of Saddam Hussein, and the Iran-Iraq War of 1980-1988. Those events had far-reaching political, economic and social consequences in Iraq.
In 2003, the United States launched an invasion of Iraq and overthrew Saddam Hussein's regime. With the unfolding of military operations, Iraq entered a long period of war and instability.
The presence of U.S. troops sparked discontent and resistance among the Iraqi population, forming a resistance movement against the United States and its allies. The United States invasion has also led to divisions in Iraqi society and a surge in terrorist activities, which have had a negative impact on the stability of the entire region.
Iraq faces enormous challenges in terms of political system and democratization process. Since the end of Saddam Hussein's regime, Iraq has struggled to build a stable political system.
Sectarianism, tribal interests, corruption and the complex relationship between various forces have hampered the process of political transformation. The Government's inadequate capacity to govern, the corruption of the bureaucracy and the struggle between political factions also pose a threat to Iraq's political stability.
Iraq faces severe economic inequality and poverty. Although Iraq is an oil-rich country, most of the resource revenues are controlled by a wealthy few, resulting in an unequal distribution of wealth in society.
The majority of the population lives below the poverty line and lacks basic social benefits and economic opportunities. This economic inequality has exacerbated social discontent and protest.
Iraq faces high unemployment and a lack of employment opportunities. Young people are particularly affected, and they face difficulties in finding suitable jobs.
The shortage of the education system and the imbalance in economic development have led to the loss of a large number of highly educated talents, making the employment situation even more serious. The rise in unemployment has further intensified social discontent and has become a major driving force for the protest movement.
There are serious problems in Iraq's social service system and infrastructure development. The public health system and education systems have long been challenged by under-resources and mismanagement.
The destruction and poor restoration of infrastructure has left people without access to basic public services, further exacerbating discontent with the Government.
●—≺ the ≻ of centralization and political corruption
Iraq's political system suffers from centralization, with a high concentration of power in the hands of the central government, low local autonomy and low political participation. This leads to a lack of transparency and accountability in the decision-making process of the Government, which can easily lead to abuse of power and corruption.
Political corruption has seriously eroded public trust and the legitimacy of the government, and has become one of the important demands of the protest movement.
Iraq's political system is heavily influenced by sectarianism and ethnic divisions. Contradictions and rivalries between different sects and ethnic groups play an important role in political decision-making.
Struggles and conflicts of interest between political factions have led to fragmentation and instability in the Government and hindered the unity and development of the country.
The Iraqi government's crackdown on protests and dissent has raised concerns about human rights concerns. Freedom of expression is restricted, and human rights activists and journalists face threats and repression. The government's crackdown fueled social discontent and prompted protest movements.
Iraq's geopolitical position makes it a focal point for regional power competition and intervention. There are competing and conflicting regional powers over Iraq's interests and influence.
The interference of external forces in Iraq's internal affairs has led to complications and instability of the situation, which has had a certain impact on the protest movement.
Iraq has long been threatened by religious extremism and terrorism. Extremist groups such as the Islamic State (IS) have established a reign of terror in Iraq, bringing great destruction and turmoil to the country and society. Terrorist activities pose a serious threat to Iraq's political stability and social security.
The geopolitical interests of the Iraqi region play an important role in the evolution of the situation. The attention and intervention of the international community is often related to resources, energy and geopolitical interests in the Iraqi region.
This external interference and competing interests have exacerbated instability in Iraq and have had an impact on the protest movement.
The rise of periodic protest movements in Iraq usually stems from the buildup of discontent and demands for the government. Issues such as economic hardship, political corruption, and social injustice have fueled anger and protest. Protest movements usually express people's demands in the form of mass demonstrations, rallies, strikes, etc.
The organizational structure of the Iraqi protest movement is usually fragmented, with no clear leader or organizational structure. Social media plays an important role in organizing and disseminating information.
Some protesters and activists have played a leading role, but the strength of the movement has come primarily from the participation and support of the general public.
The Iraqi protest movement uses a variety of tactics and tactics to express its demands. This includes demonstrations, occupation of public places, speech, online activity, etc. Some protesters have also resorted to more radical tactics, such as clashes and violence.
The choice of protest strategy depends on the specific situation and the goals of the protesters.
The Iraqi government's response to protest movements has often included the use of force to suppress it, restrictions on freedom of expression, and reform measures. The government may respond with different strategies, ranging from dialogue and compromise to tough repression. Government responses often have a significant impact on the development and outcome of protest movements.
Periodic protest movements in Iraq call for political reform and democratization. The protesters demanded that the government tackle corruption, strengthen democracy, and improve social welfare and infrastructure. The pressure exerted by the protest movement on the government has led to the promotion and implementation of some political reforms.
The Iraqi protest movement reflects the younger generation's desire and demand for social change. Young people are the backbone of the protest movement, demanding better education, employment opportunities and a just social system.
The protest movement has stimulated awareness and enthusiasm among young people to participate in political and social affairs.
The periodic protest movements in Iraq have had an impact on regional stability and international relations. The instability in Iraq could spill over into neighbouring countries, affecting the security and stability of the entire region.
The response and intervention of the international community to the protest movement in Iraq will also have an important impact on the situation in the region. This research explores the political process of periodic protest movements in Iraq and analyzes the reasons and effects behind them.
A comprehensive study of Iraq's historical background, socio-economic factors, political system, domestic and foreign interventions, and the political process and impact of the protest movement has led to some important findings.
In view of the emergence and impact of the periodic protest movements in Iraq, we make the following recommendations to the Government and the international community. Governments should strengthen their capacity to govern, combat corruption and take measures to improve problems in the economy, education, employment and social services.
The government should strengthen political inclusion and democratic system building, increase citizen participation, and meet the legitimate demands of the people. The international community should respect Iraq's sovereignty and democratic development, provide support and assistance, and promote regional stability and development.
A closer look at the political process of Iraq's periodic protest movements can lead to a better understanding of the dynamics of Iraqi society and politics.
These research results not only have important reference value for domestic policy makers and policy makers, but also guide the international community's attention to the situation in Iraq and regional stability.