The Southern and Northern Dynasties (420 AD – 589 AD) was a period of division in Chinese history, beginning with Liu Yu's usurpation of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the establishment of the Southern Song Dynasty in 420 AD, and ending with the sui dynasty chen in 589 AD. During this period, the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms, and the Sui Dynasty, although the southern and northern forces had their own dynastic changes, they maintained a long-term confrontation, so they were called the Southern and Northern Dynasties. The Southern Dynasty (420 AD – 589 AD) included the Song, Qi, Liang, and Chen Dynasties, while the Northern Dynasty (439 AD – 589 AD) included the Northern Wei, Eastern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Qi, and Northern Five Dynasties. At the beginning of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, it was still a clan politics, and the social classes were divided into clans, Qi people, dependents and slaves, and foreign exchanges were also prosperous, from Japan and the Korean Peninsula in the east, to the western region, Central Asia, and West Asia (ElanShahr) in the west, and to Southeast Asia and India in the south.
Let's look at the Chaotic Emperor:
Emperor Liu Yu of the Song Dynasty (16 April 363 – 26 June 422), courtesy name Deyu , courtesy name Ji Nu , was a Han Chinese whose ancestral home was Suiyuli ( present-day Tongshan , Jiangsu ) in Pengcheng County , and was born in Jingkou ( present-day Zhenjiang ) , and had twice made great contributions to the Northern Expedition to retake Luoyang and Chang'an. Outstanding politician, reformer, and military man, the founding prince of the Liu Song Dynasty. In the third year of Yu Long'an, he joined the army to revolt, calmed the internal war, and successively eliminated Liu Yi, Lu Xun, Sima Xiuzhi and other separatist forces, so that the southern region had a unified situation that had not been seen in a hundred years. It devoted itself to the Northern Expedition and eliminated the states of Huanchu, Western Shu, Southern Yan, and Later Qin. During his administration, he learned the lessons of the former dynasty's tyrants and tyranny, curbed the merger of the powerful and powerful, implemented the local judgment, straightened out the rule of officials, reused the cold door, lightly dispensed with the thin endowment, abolished the harsh laws, and improved the political and social situation. He made significant contributions to the economic development of Jiangnan and the protection and development of Han culture, and was known as the "First Emperor of the Southern Dynasty".
Liu Yifu (406–424), emperor of the Song Dynasty, was the second emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty. Xiaozi Chebing, the eldest son of Emperor Liu Yu of the Song Dynasty, ascended the throne in the third year of the Yongchu Dynasty (422), and changed his era name to "Jingping" (from 423) the following year.
Emperor Wen of Song (407 – March 16, 453), courtesy name Che'er, was the third emperor of the Song Dynasty during the Southern and Northern Dynasties of China. Xiaozi Che'er, the third son of Emperor Liu Yu of the Song Dynasty, ascended the throne in 424 and reigned for 30 years, with the era name "Yuan Jia", the courtesy name "Emperor Wen", and the temple name "Taizu". Liu Yilong continued to implement Liu Yu's strategy of governing the country, clearing up the household registration on the basis of the Eastern Jin Dynasty's Yixi tujue, ordering the people to be exempted from the "general rent and accommodation debts" owed by the people to the government, and implementing a series of measures such as persuasion, rejuvenation of agriculture, and recruitment of talents, so that the people could rest and recuperate, social production developed, and the economy and culture became increasingly prosperous. Morning and twilight, just do their own thing", "The people have a relationship, and the officials have nothing to gain." The home gives people enough, that is, although things are difficult, turn to the ditch, and can be avoided at the time. The land of hundreds of households, there are cities, ballads and dances, touching the flocks, and the extreme prosperity of the Song Dynasty", known in history as the rule of Yuanjia. Militarily, Liu Yilong succeeded Liu Yu in his northern expedition and conquered Henan between 430 and 431 at the time of the Northern Wei and Rouran wars, but to no avail.
Liu Shao (c. 426–453) was the fourth emperor of the Song Dynasty during the Southern and Northern Dynasties of China. The character Xiu Yuan, the eldest son of Liu Yilong, was the mother of Empress Yuan Qifei. In the thirtieth year of Yuan Jia (453 AD), liu Yilong wanted to depose the crown prince because of the witchcraft, and after Liu Shao knew about it, he conspired with his brother Liu Jun to lead an army to the palace at night, killed his father, and established himself as emperor, known in history as "Emperor Yuan of Song", changing the name to "Taichu". Liu Shao rebelled and left because of his father's usurpation of the throne, and after only three months on the throne, he was defeated by Liu Jun, who led an army to rebel, and Liu Shao was captured and beheaded, and Was called the culprit by Liu Jun.
Emperor Xiaowu of Song (430–464), the fifth emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty. The character Xiu Long, the small character Daomin, the third son of Liu Yilong, Emperor Wen of Song. At the beginning of the wuling king, he was not favored, and repeatedly went out of town. In 453, after the crown prince Liu Shao killed Emperor Liu, Liu Jun personally led a large army to fight, and soon defeated Liu Shao's forces and seized the throne. The era name was "Xiao Jian" and "Daming", and the history was called Xiaowu Emperor.
Liu Ziye (449–466), master of small characters. Emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty during the Southern and Northern Dynasties. The eldest son of Emperor Xiaowu of Song, Liu Jun. Liu Ziye was deposed because his behavior was too absurd, and he was known in history as the "former deposed emperor".
Emperor Ming of Song (439-472) was Liu Yu (彧彧), a Han Chinese. Small print glory period. Temple number Taizong. The eleventh son of Emperor Wen of Song. He was initially enfeoffed as the King of Huaiyang and renamed as the King of Xiangdong. When the former deposed emperor was assassinated by the southern Yu Prefecture, he sent people to assassinate the former deposed emperor and established himself as an emperor. Taiyu died of illness in the first year of the reign (472). When he was a good reader for the king of the domain, he wrote the "Chronicle of Articles Since Jiang Zuo" and the two volumes of the Analects annotated by Xu Weihuan. At that time, the first sage of the throne used his ability, so he was able to quell the rebellion of the four sides, and in the last years, he was a good ghost god, a lot of taboos, extravagance, and the people were unbearable, and the Song Dynasty declined from then on.
Liu Yu, the deposed emperor of the Song Dynasty, was the eighth emperor of the Liu Song Dynasty. Although he was the eldest son of Emperor Ming of Song and his noble concubine Chen Miaodeng, liu Yu's lineage has always been questioned because Chen Miaodeng was once a concubine of Li Dao'er. After the death of Emperor Ming of Song in 472, Liu Yu took the throne. Although Liu Yu was intelligent and sensitive in childhood, his personality was quite cruel, often killing people with his own hands, and disturbing the people in the streets and alleys, killing people addicted, and if he did not kill people for a day, he would be sullen and unhappy. Moreover, Liu Yu was moody, and if there was a slight disagreement between the left and right, he punched and kicked at each other. In 474, Liu Xiufan, the king of Guiyang, also raised an army in the name of deposing the emperor, but was pacified by Xiao Daocheng. Liu Yu did not wake up because of this, and actually used Xiao Daocheng's navel as the target of the arrow. Finally, he was killed by Yang Yufu and others on July 7, the fifth year of Yuan Hui, and died at the age of fifteen. After his death, he was deposed as the King of Cangwu.
Emperor Shun of Song (467–479), courtesy name Zhongmou, small character Zhiguan, father Liu Xiufan, mother Chen Farong. In July of the fifth year of the Tai Dynasty, he was born in May of the first year of the Jianyuan Dynasty, and died in Danyang Palace at the age of thirteen. Reigned for 2 years (reigned 477–479).
Emperor Xiao Daocheng of Qi (427–482 CE) was a Chinese general of the Han dynasty who reigned for four years. According to the Book of Southern Qi and the Chronicle of Emperor Gao, Emperor Xiao Daocheng of Qi was "the twenty-fourth grandson of Xiao He of han". His ancestors lived in Lanling, Donghai (present-day Lanling Town, Cangshan County, Shandong Province). According to the Book of Southern Qi and the Benji of Emperor Wu, Gao Zuxiao crossed the river in the early Eastern Jin Dynasty, and lived in Jinling Wujin (present-day Wansui Village, Menghe Town, Xinbei District, Changzhou City), where the Jin dynasty was placed in Lanling County, called Nanlanling, so Xiao shi became a native of Nanlanling (present-day Changzhou). He was trained by the famous Ru Lei Cizong and ruled the "Rites" and "Zuo Shi Chunqiu". Shi Song, who initially joined the army as a soldier in the left army, and then led the partial army to enlist Qiuchi, marched eighty miles away from Chang'an, with few soldiers, and heard that Emperor Wen of Song collapsed.
Emperor Xiao Zhao of Qiwu (440–493), courtesy name Xuanyuan, nicknamed Long'er, was the eldest son of Emperor Xiao Dao of Qi, and his mother Liu Zhirong. The second emperor of the Southern Dynasty Qi (reigned 482-493), died of illness and was buried in Jing'an Mausoleum. The era name is Yongming.
Xiao Zhaoye (萧昭業; 473 – September 5, 494), courtesy name Yuanshang (元尚), courtesy name Fashen ,was a native of Nanlanling (南蘭陵, in modern Northwestern Changzhou) of the Southern Dynasty, and the third emperor of Southern Qi. Prince Xiao Changmao of Wenhui was the eldest son, and his mother was Empress Wen'an Wang Baoming. Xiao Zhaoye reigned for 1 year, was killed by Xiao Luan, died at the age of 21, and the burial place is unknown.
Xiao Zhaowen (480–494), courtesy name Jishang, was a native of Nanlanling (南蘭陵, in modern Northwestern Changzhou) of the Southern Dynasty, the fourth emperor of Southern Qi, reigning in 494. The second son of Xiao Changmao, the Prince of Wenhui, his mother was Xu Shi, a palace official, and the younger brother of Xiao Zhaoye, the Prince of Yulin. In April of the first year of Longchang (494), Xiao Zhaoye was killed by Xiao Luan, the assistant to the government, and Establish xiao Zhaowen as emperor and changed his era name to Yanxing. In October, he was deposed by Xiao Luan as the King of Hailing. In November, he was killed by Xiao Luan and was made King Gong of the fifteenth year.
Emperor Xiao Luan of Qi Gaozong had a strict and suspicious personality. Xiao Daosheng's son, Zi Jingqi, nicknamed Xuandu, was the fifth emperor of Xiao Qi. Xiao Luan's parents died since he was a child, and he was raised by Xiao Daocheng, who regarded him as his own. During the reign of Emperor Shun of Song, Xiao Luan served as Anji Ling, known for his strictness; later moved to Huainan and Xuancheng Taishou, and was an auxiliary general. Emperor Gao of Qi was then the commander of Xichanghou and Yingzhou, and Emperor Xiao of Qiwu was promoted to the post of Shizhong (侍中) and led the general of Xiao Qi. When Xiao Zhao died, he took Xiao Luan as an assistant and assisted Xiao Zhaoye. In 494, Xiao Luan deposed Xiao Zhaoye and replaced him with his brother Xiao Zhaowen; he soon deposed Xiao Zhaowen as the Prince of Hailing and established himself as emperor. Xiao Luan lived in simplicity for a long time during his tenure, demanding frugality and stopping the contributions of various localities to the central government, Xiao Luan was seriously ill in his later years, and he respected Taoism and the art of victory, changed all his clothes to red, and in 498 Xiao Luan died of illness and was buried in the Xing'an Mausoleum.
Xiao Baojuan (483-501), formerly known as Xiao Mingxian (萧明贤), was the sixth emperor of the Southern Dynasty Qi, the second son of Emperor Xiao Luan of the Qi Ming Emperor, his mother Liu Shi, who succeeded to the throne after the death of Emperor Qi Ming, at the age of 16, reigned for 4 years (reigned 498-501). Killed, the era name Yongyuan, after being killed, he was posthumously demoted to the Marquis of Dongxia, and his nickname was 炀.
Emperor Xiao Baorong of Qi (488 – May 2, 502), courtesy name Zhizhao, was the last emperor of Southern Qi, a native of present-day Danyang, Jiangsu, and the eighth son of Emperor Xiao Luan of Qiming. In 494, he was made the King of Sui County, and in 499 he was renamed the King of Nankang and appointed as the Assassin of Jingzhou, stationed in Jiangling. In March 501, Xiao Yan sent an army to attack Xiao Baojuan and made Xiao Baorong emperor; after Xiao Yan entered Jiankang, he sent Xiao Baorong to Jiankang in 502. In the same year, Xiao Baorong made Xiao Yan the King of Liang, and soon Xiao Yan killed the brothers of Xiao Baoxuan, the king of Xiangdong, in the name of Xiao Baorong, and later killed the other sons of Emperor Qiming. Soon Xiao Baorong was forced to take the throne with Xiao Yan, and Southern Qi perished here. After Xiao Yan ascended the throne, Xiao Baorong was made the King of Baling and established a palace in his sister-in-law for him to live in; xiao Baorong was soon killed by Xiao Yan.
Emperor Xiao Yan of Liangwu (464-549), courtesy name Shuda, was a xiaozi lian'er. A native of Nanlanling (present-day Wansui Village, Menghe Town, Xinbei District, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province). The founder of the Southern Liang regime, the temple name Gaozu. Xiao Yan was a descendant of the Xiao clan of Lanling and the twenty-fifth grandson of Xiao He of the Han Dynasty. His father, Xiao Shunzhi, was emperor gao's younger brother and governor of Danyang Yin, and his mother, Zhang Shangrou. He was originally an official of Southern Qi, and in the second year of Southern Qi Zhongxing (502), Emperor Qi and Emperor He were forced to "zen throne" in Xiao Yan, and Southern Liang was established. Xiao Yan reigned for forty-eight years, ranking first among the emperors of the Southern Dynasty. In his reign, he had considerable political achievements, and in the later years of his reign, the "Hou Jing Rebellion" broke out, the capital fell, he was imprisoned by Hou Jing, died in Taicheng at the age of eighty-six, and was buried in Xiuling, with the title of Emperor Wu and the temple number Gaozu.
Xiao Zhengde (萧正德; 548 – August 8, 549), courtesy name Gonghe, was a native of present-day Changzhou, Jiangsu, and the Prince of Linhe of Southern Liang, a nephew of Emperor Xiao Yan of Liangwu and the third son of Xiao Hong, the Prince of Linchuan. Xiao Zhengde's son, Xiao Jianli, was made crown prince after Xiao Zhengde became emperor, but Xiao Jianli was shot to death by a stray arrow while robbing Shangjia.
Xiao Gang (503-551), Liang Dynasty literary scholar. That is, Emperor Jianwen of Liang of the Southern Dynasty. Word Shi Miao. A native of Nanlanling (present-day Wujin, Jiangsu). The third son of Emperor Wu of Liang. Due to the early death of his eldest brother Xiao Tong, he was made crown prince in the third year of Zhongdatong (531). In the third year of Taiqing (549), Hou Jing rebelled, Emperor Wu of Liang was imprisoned and starved to death, Xiao Gang took the throne, and Dabao was killed by Hou Jing in the second year (551).
Xiao Dong(?) –552), courtesy name Yuanji, was the third emperor of the Liang Dynasty of the Southern Dynasty. He is known as the King of Yuzhang and the King of Huaiyin.
Chen Baxian, Zi Xingguo, Small Character Fasheng, Han Chinese. A native of Changcheng County, Wuxing County (present-day Changxing County, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province), he was a prominent military figure and politician. Chu Shiliang, who assisted Wang Monk in arguing against the rebellion of Marquis Jing of Ping. In 555 (the first year of Tiancheng), he killed the monk, established the Jing Emperor, made himself Xiangguo, and was made the King of Chen. Defeated in Northern Qi, the Pai monks defended the rest of the party, supported by the people, and later was called emperor by Zen, the national name Chen, Du Jiankang, reigned for three years, Emperor Wu, temple name Gaozu. Chen Ba was first the founding emperor of the Chen Dynasty during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and he was ambitious and frugal and industrious. Among the many emperors in China, there are not many wise monarchs, but Chen Baxian belongs to one of the generations of heroes.
Emperor Wen of Chen (522–566) reigned for 8 years from 559 to 566. Year number: Tianjia
Chen Xuan (蒨), courtesy name Zihua,was the nephew of Emperor Wu of Chen and the eldest son of Chen Daotan the Prince of Shixing Zhaolie. Less Shen Min has the knowledge, beauty instrument, pay attention to the history of the scriptures, act elegantly, and follow the etiquette law. Gao Zu loved it very much, and often called it "the ying xiuya of the Wuzong". Starting from Liang Wuxing Taishou. In 555 (the first year of Emperor Shaotai of Liang), Zuo Zhou Wenyu pacified Du Gong and Zhang Biao. The Commissioning Is Too Guarded. Emperor Wu of Chen ascended the throne and became the King of Linchuan. Later, he led the army to garrison Southern Anhui. In 559 (the third year of Yongding), Emperor Wu died, and Empress Xuan and cai Jingli, a zhongshu sheren, did not send a funeral, summoned him back to the dynasty, and established him as emperor. Change yuan tianjia. Zeng Ping Xiang prefecture Wang Lin, Linchuan Zhou Di, Yuzhang Xiong Tanlang, Dongyang Liuyi, Jian'an Chen Baoying rebellion.
Emperor Chen Bozong (554–570) reigned for 2 years from 566 to 568. Year Number: Everbright
Chen Bozong, the third emperor of the Southern Dynasty Chen Dynasty, the eldest son of Emperor Wen of Chen, the zi fengye, the small character medicine king, wuxing great wall (present-day Changxing, Zhejiang) people. Emperor Wu made him crown prince in three years, and in 566, Emperor Bozong of Chen took the throne after Emperor Wen of Chen's death, and in 567 he changed his era name to Guangda. Later, due to the young age of Chen Bozong, he made his uncle Chen Yan the Prince of Ancheng the Situ, Lu Shang Shushi, and the governor of the Chinese and foreign militaries. As a result, the political situation was controlled by Chen Hao. In November 568, Chen Deposed Emperor Bozong of Linhai and established himself as emperor for Emperor Xuan of Chen. After chen bozong was deposed, he died in 570 at the age of sixteen, and was known as the deposed emperor.
Emperor Xiaoxuan of Chen (528 – 17 February 582) reigned for 14 years from 569 to 582. Year number: Taijian
Chen Huan (陈顼), the fourth emperor of the Chen Dynasty during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, was given the era name Taijian. He was the nephew of Emperor Gaozuwu Chen Baxian and the younger brother of Emperor Shizuwen Chen Xuan. He was originally an assistant minister of Chen Bozong, the deposed emperor of Chen, but later deposed Chen Bozong and established himself as emperor. During his reign, he built water conservancy projects, reclaimed wasteland, encouraged peasant production, and achieved certain social and economic recovery and development. In 573 (the fifth year of Taijian), the general Wu Mingche took advantage of the Northern Qi chaos to capture Lüliang (near present-day Xuzhou in present-day Jiangsu Province) and Shouyang, once occupying the lands of Huai and Si, but was eventually taken away by Northern Zhou. In general, during Chen Yan's reign, the country was relatively stable and politically clear. On February 17, 582 (Chen Taijian's fourteenth year of the first month of Jiayin [Chu Ten]), Chen Huan collapsed at the age of 55. Chen's title was Emperor Xiaoxuan and his temple name was Emperor Gaozong. Buried in the Xianning Mausoleum (in the suburbs of present-day Nanjing).
Chen Shubao (553-604), the lord of Chen Hou, reigned for 8 years from 582 to 589.
Chen Shubao, Zi Yuanxiu, Small Character Huang Nu, Wu xing Great Wall people. Born in 553 (the second year of Emperor Chengsheng of Liangyuan), he was established as the King of Ancheng in 561 (the third year of Tianjia), and in 569 (the first year of Taijian), he built a palace, lived in luxury, ignored the government, and feasted with concubines and courtiers day and night, making beautiful words. When the Sui army went south, it was proud of the natural dangers of the Yangtze River and did not think so. In 589 (the third year of Zhenming), the Sui army entered Jiankang, and Chen Shubao was captured. In 604 (the fourth year of Emperor Renshou of Sui), he died of illness in Luoyang City at the age of 52, and was posthumously awarded the title of Grand General and Duke of Great Wall County.
Northern Wei Dobu Teikoi (August 4, 371 [July Kou-do] — November 6, 409 [October Boshin Day]) February 20, 386 (New Year's Boshin Day) - 24 years of his reign on November 6, 409.
Mingyuan Takuji (392-423) November 10, 409 -December 24, 423 (November 24, 2014) reigned 14 years.
Emperor Taiwu reigned for 30 years from 408 to 11 March 452.
Tuoba Yu (?——452), the king of Nan'an, reigned for only eight months in 452.
Emperor Wencheng of the Northern Wei Dynasty (440–465) reigned for 14 years from 452 to 465.
Northern Wei Emperor Tuoba Hong (454-476) reigned for 7 years from 465 to 471.
Emperor Xiaowen of northern Wei reigned for 29 years from 471 to 499.
Emperor Xuanwu of northern Wei reigned for 16 years from 499 to 515.
Emperor Xiaoming of the Northern Wei Dynasty (8 April 510 – 31 March 528) reigned for 13 years from 12 February 515 to 31 March 528.
Yuan Zhao (526–528), the young lord of Northern Wei, reigned for 2 months in 528.
Emperor Xiaozhuang of Northern Wei reigned for 3 years from 528 to 530. Year number: Jianyi, Yong'an.
King Yuanye of Changguang (508 – 26 December 532) reigned for 4 months from 530 to 531, with the era name Jianming.
Emperor Yuangong of the Northern Wei Dynasty (498–532) reigned for one year from 531 to 532.
Yuanlang,The Prince of Northern Wei (513–532), reigned for 6 months from 531 to 532. Year number: ZTE
Emperor Xiaojing of Eastern Wei reigned for 17 years from 534 to 550.
Emperor Wen of Western Wei reigned for 17 years from 535 to 28 March 551.
The Western Wei deposed emperor Yuan Qin (525-554) reigned for 3 years from 551 to 554.
Emperor Tuoba Kuo of Western Wei (537–557) reigned for three years from 554 to 558.
Emperor Gao Yang of Qi (529–559) reigned for nine years from 550 to 559.
Deposed Emperor Gao Yin (545-561) reigned from 559 to 560
I will not introduce it one by one later, this is a chaotic era. Years of war, strife, darkness, and misery.