Ancient poems, ancient books, ancient paintings... The customs of the ancients of the Dragon Boat Festival are preserved in these details

Years and years Duanyang, now and Duanyang, midsummer rice dumplings are fragrant. Every Dragon Boat Festival, we eat fragrant rice dumplings, watch the lively dragon boat race, drink Xionghuang wine, pray for a year of well-being, and more importantly, we remember Qu Yuan, pass on his spirit, and tell his story.

Self-adherence to high ideals and morality

Remembering Qu Yuan again, his spirit cannot be forgotten

Qu Yuan has been a good learner since childhood. According to legend, Qu Yuan was fond of books when he was a child, and after classes in the school every day, he had to run to his secret cave to read, and he sat on a boulder to read like his favorite orchid, elegant and pure. In his youth, Qu Yuan was personable, comparing himself to a vanilla beauty, and draped Jiang Li Zhicao on his shoulders. He did not seek fame and fortune, but only aspired to become a virtuous man who benefited the country and the people. "Hanging orchid grass, born in pure land, not for no one." No matter what he experienced, he always adhered to his lofty ideals and morals, and finally "bathed in the orchid soup Xi Mufang".

More than 2,000 years ago, Qu Yuan wrote the first poem in Chinese history, "Ode to Tangerine", "Empress Jiashu, Tangerine Li Xi". He chose to be a firm orange tree, always faithful to his homeland. He once "took Lan as a couple and Hui as his companion", and wrote many immortal poems. He was not afraid of ups and downs, cared for the people, and faced all kinds of difficulties, he said: "Sincerity is both courageous and martial, and in the end it is strong and invincible"; He looked up at the universe and asked the firmament, "The road is long, and I will seek it up and down."

Qu Yuan's spirit has been passed down from generation to generation, and the commemoration has never stopped, and the ancient singing we sing and look up to has never stopped.

Is the Dragon Boat Festival still divided into sizes? Let's take a look at the Dragon Boat Festival customs in ancient books

Among the four traditional festivals in China, the Dragon Boat Festival is the first festival to be included in the world's intangible cultural heritage. In the Dragon Boat Festival, eating rice dumplings, drinking male yellow, hanging calamus, wearing sachets, and a special custom called "giving a fan" is known as the style of a gentleman.

Whether it is competitive entertainment or food style, it contains rich traditional Chinese cultural connotations. What of the Dragon Boat Festival customs has survived to this day?

Dragon Boat mostly refers to the fifth day of the fifth month of the lunar calendar. But in some areas of Hunan, Hubei, Guizhou and Jiangxi, there are still big and small Dragon Boat Festivals. The fifth day of the first year is the small Dragon Boat Festival, the fifteenth is the big Dragon Boat Festival, and the festival activities of the fifteenth year are even grander than the fifth day of the first year.

Liu Bo, Research Librarian, Ancient Books Library, National Library: It is clearly recorded in Guangxu's "Xinning County Record" that the various activities of the Dragon Boat Festival end from the 5th to the 15th. The county record of Xiangxi's Yupu County, Yupu is a place name that Qu Yuan mentioned in "Leaving the Trouble". The county chronicle of Yupu County says: Dragon boat brewed horn millet, that is, wrapping rice dumplings, drinking pu wine is drinking calamus wine, hairpin mugwort leaves is sticking mugwort leaves on the head, and racing for the play of racing is dragon boat racing. The fifth day of the first year is the small Dragon Boat Festival, and the sun is the big Dragon Boat Festival.

The ancients collected medicine to cure diseases at noon on the fifth day; Wrapped in rice with pine leaves as corn; Gather crowds to watch the race, and hold a dragon boat event. There is a custom of the emperor shooting willows with northern ethnic minorities such as the Xiongnu and Xianbei. Among the many customs, there is a special custom known as the gentleman's style, "giving a fan".

Liu Bo, Research Librarian, National Library of Ancient Books: It is recorded in the "Tang Huiyi" that Emperor Taizong of Tang once gave his ministers a fan on the fifth day of the fifth month, (and said) stir the breeze to increase virtue. His words actually have a double meaning, the fan can give people a cool breeze, a fresh breeze, make people feel cool, another layer of meaning hopes that the clear and clean political style will be promoted to the world.

Everything is fun, everything loves The romance of Chinese poets is hidden here

A thousand years of wind and bone endowed with literary ink, and the poems of Youlanqi Xiangxiang survive. Poetry is a beautiful treasure in traditional Chinese culture and a timeless and profound existence in literature.

Heaven, earth, people, mountains and rivers, plants and trees, gods, and even everything in the universe are the source of inspiration and romance for Chinese poets. In the thousands of worlds they wrote, we saw the chrysanthemums of Tao Yuanming "leisurely seeing the South Mountain", the lotus flowers of Zhou Dunyi "out of the mud and not stained", the winter plums that "fell into mud and dust, only fragrant as before", and the pines and cypresses that Li Bai "how to be in the clouds, straight up thousands of feet".

Poetry inspires the picture, and its artistic conception must come from the heart of the author. Su Shi, a Song dynasty, believes that everything is interesting and loves everything. In his writing, mountains, rivers, plants, birds and beasts all have emotions and life. And the Dragon Boat Festival is also Su Dongpo's favorite festival. He once wrote "Huanxi Sha Dragon Boat", "light sweat slightly transparent tourille, Ming Dynasty Dragon Boat bath fanglan bath, flowing fragrance full of Qingchuan; The colored thread lightly wrapped around the red jade arm, the small talisman hung diagonally on the green cloud, and the beauties met for a thousand years. ”

Su Shi freely used beautiful words in this poem, and the beauty bathed in the Dragon Boat Festival can not only cleanse the dirt and add fragrance, but also drive away the epidemic and blessing. The beautiful five-color silk thread is gently wrapped around the jade-colored arm, which is the beauty of Panjia forever. In the last sentence, Su Shi couldn't help but sigh: Beautiful people have met for a thousand years, and I hope to be able to meet the person who loves each other for a long time and often. Su Shi skillfully expressed his inner emotions through the description of the Dragon Boat Festival, and it was touching to read.

It's all about the details! This masterpiece takes you to feel the dragon boat performance of the Song Dynasty

The Northern Song Dynasty painter Zhang Zeduan's "Qingming Upper River Map" is known to many people, and he also has a masterpiece "Jinmingchi Battle Map". This work, now in the Tianjin Museum, depicts a wonderful scene of a dragon boat performance held in the Jinming Pond of Bianliang during the Northern Song Dynasty.

Yu Yue, director of the Department of Calligraphy and Painting of Tianjin Museum: Entering the garden from the pool gate, you can see the Linshui Hall in front, and the larger building in front of it is the Baojin Building, which goes to the Immortal Bridge through the Xingmen Gate, and the building in the middle is called the Five Halls. Another important building in Jinmyeongchi is the Okuya, which is equivalent to the later dock.

According to historical records, Jinmingchi, located in the northwest of today's Kaifeng City, Henan, was first excavated to train the water army artificial lake, the Northern Song Dynasty became a famous royal garden, will be regularly opened to the common people every year, there are rich garden activities, dragon boat is one of the performance projects.

Yu Yue, director of the Department of Calligraphy and Painting of the Tianjin Museum: The main body of the dragon boat competition is the large dragon boat, and five small dragon boats are depicted on both sides, competing for such a championship in the middle. The picture shows oarsmen on each small dragon boat, a helmsman in the stern, and a military academy standing at the bow, who face the oarsmen and actually act as drummers.

The Song Dynasty writer Meng Yuanlao's "Tokyo Menghualu" depicts a similar scene to the "Jinmingchi Battle Map", and records the details of the dragon boat performance in more detail.

Chen Chen, Director of Museum and Art Collection Research Center, Tianjin Normal University: There are many kinds of these performances, and at that time, it was recorded in the "Tokyo Menghualu" that there was one called "Xuanluo", which was actually a dragon boat rotating in a circle, and another called "Sea Eye", the red flag waved, it became two teams, and then each formed a new circle, and then the red flag continued to wave, and the dragon boats of the two teams exchanged positions, which is called "crossover". It is very interesting, with a certain ornamental and folklore nature.

In addition to the dragon boat performance, two other water sports are depicted in the "Jinmingchi Battle Map".

Yu Yue, director of the Department of Calligraphy and Painting of Tianjin Museum: We can see that the water puppet is a very carefully painted water puppet performance, which is a puppet show on the water boat, next to the water swing performance, like our later acrobatics, at that time may be called a hundred plays, in the literature, the last swing swing swing people will jump into the water from the highest place, it is actually a relatively early diving performance.

The rich water performance program attracts many tourists. The "Jinmingchi Battle Map" is 28.5 centimeters long and 28.6 centimeters wide, and thousands of characters are carefully drawn on a silk less than a foot square.

Yu Yue, director of the Department of Calligraphy and Painting of the Tianjin Museum: People are very small, and the smallest may be only two millimeters. Everyone's head and body can still be distinguished, and some people will be a little more detailed and can see the expression.