"The Biography of the Painter" ~ 345th
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="2" > Shen Zongqian wrote the book "Mustard Boat Study Painting Compilation", denouncing folklore and expounding the Fa-rectification, which is enough to guide the Tao! </h1>
Text/Lu Xiuhui
Shen Zongqian (1717 – died after June 1795), courtesy name Xiyuan, was a native of Wucheng (present-day Huzhou), Zhejiang.
Shen Zongqian said in "Mustard Boat StudyIng to Edit And Narrate": "The rest of my life is also late, and there is no reason to ask, although I know the wrong of pseudo-learning, I do not know where the Fa is, I have wandered the wrong way, and I have been doing it for many years. As he grew older, he looked at the relics of his predecessors from the connoisseurs and the imitators of the various Dharmas, studied and explored, and traced the source and flow. Or to imitate the old, or to know by force, or to be enlightened by confusion, or to open up by touch. In the pen and ink principle, if the desire of the East is dawning, the first is to distinguish the color, and then it is the insight. Cover is thirty years old in Ziyi. ”
Jiang Guangxu's "Beixia Zhai Calligraphy and Painting Records • Volume 1 • Mustard Boat Ink Freehand Female Album" contains: "Shen Zongqian. Mr. Shen's surname is Shen Shi, Zhen Zongqian, the character Mustard Boat first name Qi, the world's home return to An's Ma Yao Town, after the performance of the former Ming Shang Shu, Bo discernment, Noh Wen Shan Shu, You Gong Painting, author of the Fan Xiang Shu House Painting Theory, Ge Ti Kao Zheng several volumes in the world. According to the rumors of his ancestors, Mr. Nancun was rich in writings, and after reading, he entertained himself with pen and ink, saw ancient calligraphy and paintings, and talked about the day, slightly tired. ”
Jiang Guangxu is a famous bibliophile, who drinks and is hospitable, has a wide range of interests, and loves music, games, and acrobatics. After that, he devoted himself to collecting ancient books and famous carvings and golden stone calligraphy and paintings, and every time he encountered a rare book, he did not hesitate to buy it at all costs. Chikubetsu Shimonai is a collection of more than 100,000 volumes of ancient books, of which the famous carved rare book is half of it, which is a well-known library in the sea. He also recruited scholars Zhang Tingji, Fei Danxu, Guan Tingfen, Xu Guangqing, etc., who often gathered in Beixiazhai to collate and comment, and ask difficult questions. He is the author of "Records of the East Lake Cong", "Records of The Supplementary Corner", "Poetry Manuscripts of Huashu Caotang", "Records of Paintings and Calligraphy of Don't Go Down", etc.
Shen Zongqian's ancestor was Shangshu Shen Yan of the Late Ming Dynasty, and in the nineteenth year of the Ming Dynasty, Shen Yan and his brother Shen Yan won the first and third places respectively when they participated in the Northern Expedition together with his brother Shen Yan, and were also jinshi the following year. The Mayao Shen clan was an important branch of the Wuxing Shen clan, and the three dynasties of Jiajing, Longqing, and Wanli in the Ming Dynasty were endless. After entering the Qing Dynasty, it gradually declined, and by the middle of the Qing Dynasty, it was already depressed.
Shen Zongqian followed the orthodox school of painting, taking Dong Qichang and the "Four Kings" as the method. At that time, the orthodox school of painting was increasingly exhausted, the painters of the orthodox school were snubbed, the orthodox school no longer appeared, and the painters tended to pursue individuality. Shen Zongqian introduced himself to photo painting and later learned traditional landscape painting, he was just a craftsman who was good at painting, and lacked the literary style and influence of a literati doctor. He did not have a good teacher, let alone the guidance of a master, and in middle age, he lived in seclusion in Yanshan Bay, immersed himself in study, and did not have much contact with the outside world, which made him more and more closed. Among Shen Zongqian's disciples, there were no particularly outstanding figures, the reputation of the disciples was limited to the Wuxing area, the disciples did not continue to "preach and teach", and they were even more unknown behind them, failing to accumulate fame and prestige for their teacher Shen Zongqian.
Shen Zongqian's paintings in his early years were not clever, until he deeply understood the essence of painting theory, realized the magic method from the paintings of the ancients, and then had new ideas and new creative means, and only then did he become more and more outstanding in creating excellent works. However, Shen Zongqian's creation was questioned, when the court collection exceeded the private collection, innovation and strangeness trumped traditional preservation, and the character of the ancient traditional paintings that Shen Zongqian insisted on and the traditional paintings at that time was between the immortals, which ordinary people could not understand and feel. His painting of "Shanshan Fairy Bone" was ridiculed as slender and thin. His painting of "Yi Yi Qing Shen" was ridiculed as thin and pitiful. Shen Zongqian was not discouraged and doubtful of his own methods, and still adhered to the traditional painting style.
Shen Zongqian laughed at himself in the "Mustard Boat Study Painting Compilation • Volume I • Shen Yun", in order to talk about the old and tender words of pen and ink, and laughed at himself: "Those who are super talented by the husband are not strange at the beginning, and they are able to spy on the secrets of the ancients, deeply understand the yuanwei of painting theory, have their own hearts, and are very different from the constant products." So Shanshan Immortal Bone, fan zhi laughed at its handsomeness; Yi Yi qing god, the common eye scorned its single weakness. Zi Gai Pin is between the immortals, and the non-fireworks eater dreams. ”
After Shen Zongqian was thirty years old, his reputation grew, and not only the gentry in the township were endlessly seeking paintings, but even people of official rank often asked to paint landscapes and rivers. Shen Zongqian's painting skills also attracted young painters from his hometown to learn painting, and he successively accepted some apprentices, such as Xin Kai, Wen Chun, Fei Nanyu, Fei Jue, and even female disciples Xu Huang, among whom there were many good painters and people with certain social status.
Shen Zongqian was a student of Xin Kai, a native of Gui'an (present-day Huzhou, Zhejiang). Xin Kai's family lineage is wuke shao supplement, but he is not interested in martial arts, but focuses on reading, gong bafen, miao seal, good at photography and flowers, especially fine ink bamboo. Xin Kai was Shen Zongqian's disciple and the disciple that Shen Zongqian most admired. The ink bamboo painted by Xin Kai is even above the teacher, and Shen Zongqian once inscribed on his huge painting: "From the second and third sons of You, out of the blue only Xinkai."
Xu Wei was a female disciple of Shen Zongqian, whose original surname was Qiu, and the character Xiangsheng was from Nanxun, Zhejiang. Before the age of fifteen, he studied painting with Shen Zongqian, and worked on landscapes and figures, and Feng Jinbo commented that his paintings were "absolutely free of fat powder". Xu Wei once imitated Wen Zhengming's small landscape, which was beautiful and gratifying, and quite talented, and once inscribed a sentence on the painting:
That teaching chest times temporarily forgot, in the dream Akiyama led to the same length.
It is expected that there are few flowers in the mountains, and the autumn leaves of the half forest are bright and sunny.
Shen Zongqian saw the appearance of the two lang talents and women, quite a match, personally came forward as a matchmaker, matched the marriage of the disciple Xin Kai and Xu Meng, and the talented woman matched the talented son, which can be described as like-minded, and at that time, "the elegant people were envious". Xin Kai did not reach the age of fifty before his sideburns were all white, and later he died of hard work, Xu Mo had to rely on selling paintings for a living, until his old age, he could still be a lady and a fine brush landscape, which was really valuable, praiseable and lamentable. Xu Wei's poems are neat and clear, and she inscribed "Nostalgic Pictures of the Rain Window" for Yao Yuqing, Shi Yun:
The mood of farewell is not easy to describe, waiting for idle people who are bored with words.
The insects in front of the steps speak in front of the lamp, and remember the first few nights of the curtain.
Paper paste window by the small exquisite, sitting in front of the slight fast timid evening wind.
The fallen leaves are gone, and there are books in the rain.
When Shen Zongqian was in his forties, he edited and personally wrote Wang Shu's "Chunhua Ge Ti Shi Wen Ii Volume", which was engraved and published by Shen Zongqian curling cabinet in the thirty-third year of the Qianlong Dynasty (1768). Wang Shu was a great calligrapher of the Qing Dynasty, a Kangxi Renchen Jinshi, an official and official, and Wang Shu's assertion of calligraphy was greatly respected by people at that time. The "Draft History of the Qing Dynasty" is passed on to the clouds: "The writers of the Ming and Qing dynasties" mostly originated from the Ming Wen Zhengming and Dong Qichang families. Wang Hongxu (Zhang) was photographed as the Dong clan (Dong Clan Yuan), and (He) Zhuo and Shu were close to the Wen clan. The Book of Narratives is particularly detailed and is a matter of time. When Dong Shusheng was at the height of Dong Shusheng, Wang Said of Dong Shuyun: "The book is about the fortunes of the world, and the wind will be under the wind and the wind will be yu Si Jiji. "It's insightful. When the Chunhua Ge Ti Interpretation Ii Volume was written, Wang Shu had been dead for fifteen years. Shen Zongqian was only 25 years old when Wang Shu died, and it is conceivable that Shen Zongqian and Wang Shu should not have much intersection.
Shen Zongqian started from the portrait painting in his early years, he once wrote a portrait for Zhou Huang, and the princes inscribed poems on it and incorporated them into the palace collection. Zhou Huang served as the general reader of the "Four Libraries of the Whole Book", the official to the Shangshu of the Ministry of Works, the Shangshu of the Bingbu Department, the chief master of the Shangshu Study, and the left capital of the Duchayuan Zuo Du Yushi. He is highly sought after for his profound spiritual skills, and people compare him with the portraitists of the Zeng Whale school. The technique of photography is regarded as a "small skill of carving insects" in traditional Chinese literati society, which is difficult to climb the elegant hall, but as a practical painting, it has been praised by society. Shen Zongqian's Qing Qianjia period was a relatively depressed period between the prosperous period of the early Qing Dynasty and the late Qing Dynasty, and the folk painting world was facing the era of "Fa-rectification, Daily Change, Secular Learning Day-Chang" and "No Ancient to Learn".
Therefore, Shen Zongqian decided to write a book called "Compilation of Paintings on the Study of Mustard Boats", denouncing folk studies, expounding the Fa-rectification, and serving as a guide for painting the Tao, for people to "learn to paint". The book was written in the forty-sixth year of Qianlong, and the book has the nickname "Treatise on the Painting of the Fanxiang Bookstore". Volume 1 of the "Beixia Zhai Calligraphy and Paintings" contains Shen Zongqian's "Ink Freehand Ladies' Album", which has Fei Danxu's inscription: "Mustard Zhou wrote the "Treatise on the Painting of the Petal Fragrant Bookhouse". Fei Danxu's ancestor and father Fei Yu were both disciples of Shen Zongqian. Shen Zongqian explained his bibliography in "Self-Narration", focusing on highlighting the word "learning to paint", hoping to provide a textbook for painters in the art world to "learn to paint", so he renamed the "Fanxiang Bookhouse Painting Theory" that appeared small and independent to highlight the purpose of education, as well as the more practical and popular "Mustard Boat Learning Painting Compilation". Weng Fanggang has a poem "Because Cao Zhuoting Returns to Zhenze to Wu Xing Shen Mustard Boat to Paint the Dark Clouds of the Sky with The Meaning of The Poetry", Shi Yun:
Xi Tuo had no words of old sorrow, and the rain marks were thick with bitter mud and ink marks.
Please take a little bit of the blindness and lighten the slanting sun one or two peaks.
Shen Zongqian once traveled all over Wuyue with calligraphy and painting, Ya bore a reputation, he took poetry and painting as his career, Shen Zongqian lived in Yanshan Bay in Wucheng in his later years to focus on writing books, he opened a flower garden in front of his residence, planted mulberry trees, plum trees, willow trees, and Junzilan, etc., the environment is quiet and elegant, named "Yanpu", which means to concentrate on painting, so it is called "Yanwan Old Garden". Jiang Baoling once described Shen Zongqian's later years, "The grass hall is numbered rafters, and the ring is water bamboo." Paper window wooden tatami, tushi listed, leaning on the hermit lu also". Shen Zongqian immersed himself in the study and creation of "jiao mo" in his later years, using short cloaks of hemp and sesame dots to paint mountain stones, which is the characteristic of his paintings. The subject matter of the paintings is mostly surrounded by landscapes and grass huts, which is the most common theme of Shen Zongqian's later years.
Shen Zongqian was able to write and paint in his early years, and the small kai, zhangcao and Yingzhang large characters all had the divine power of the ancients. Taste the rewards of Cao Dishan and Qian Daxin. Painting landscapes, figures, and conveying gods are all exquisite. Shen Zongqian's technique of conveying the divine and photographing of the characters inherits the excellent tradition of line drawing techniques since the Tang and Song dynasties, with "iron line drawing" and "orchid leaf drawing" as the mainstay, with rounded pens, clear lines, meticulous structure, and bright colors. For the portrayal of the character's demeanor, it is more able to do their best, especially outstanding. Shen Zongqian was a close friend of Zeng Guofan, a major minister of the late Qing Dynasty
Lu Xiuhui has a poem "Song for Shen Zongqian Mustard Boat", poem Yun:
Send rain to greet the sun, curtain moving double swallow tired.
Laughing at my meaning has changed, the Fa-rectification is sadly abandoned.
I wrote a book in the burrow, and I was very sad.
"Mustard Boat Learning Painting Compilation", Yerba Buena laughed into a chapter.
Charming, dreaming of long-winded revenge.
The pen is full of joy and the beautiful fairy bones.
No one reads Shaohua Tianya, and Di Early Fei is anxious to see.
The flower affair is dumped late, and the sound period closes the window screen house.