Source: Website of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and the State Supervision Commission
Central Commission for Discipline Inspection State Supervision Commission website Yi Shun
The allusion of the mountain flowing water encountering Zhiyin has been passed down from generation to generation, which is the "Boya Drum and Qin Diagram" painted by wang Zhenpeng, a painter of the Yuan Dynasty in the Palace Museum, in which the drummer is Boya and the listener is the sub-period. (File photo)
In Chen Hongshou and Hua Kun's "West Garden Elegant Collection", one Gao Shi is writing on the stone, another Gao Shi is watching from the side, and the child is holding the Yantai on the side. Photo by Yi Shun
The Qianlong Emperor and Dong Bangda's "Poetic Intentions of plum blossoms in the Tang and Song Dynasties" depicts scenes related to plum blossoms by nine poets from the Southern Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, and this paragraph depicts Du Fu's scene of "patrolling the eaves and laughing at plum blossoms, and leng rui loose branches half-can't help it". (File photo)
During the National Day holiday, many tourists enter the Forbidden City to see exhibitions and appreciate culture. The Wenhuadian Calligraphy and Painting Museum is exhibiting "Linxia Fengya - Special Exhibition of Character Paintings collected by the Palace Museum (Phase II)", and the so-called "Linxia Fengya" refers to the elegant life of Gaoshi who lives in Linquan. They decorate each ordinary day with an artistic spirit, and we selected several paintings from the exhibition to tell the story and cultural connotations they contain.
Guqin complains to the heart
To this day, when we praise a person's multi-faceted talent, we still like to say "piano, chess, calligraphy and painting, proficient in everything", and the piano ranks first. The ancients said qin, specifically referring to the guqin. The scholar loves the qin, not only because of the beautiful sound of the piano, but also because of the lofty virtue of the piano, and many stories around the qinsheng have added to the cultural connotation of the qin.
About the story of the piano, the beauty of the mountain flowing water meets the zhiyin has been passed down for thousands of years. In the Linxia Fengya exhibition, there is a painting of the Yuan Dynasty painter Wang Zhenpeng's "Boya Drum and Qin Diagram", which is one of the exhibits recommended by the curators. The picture is very simple, Yu Boya and Zhong Zi period sit on the stone, Boya concentrates on playing the piano, Zi Period bows his head and listens carefully, and his hands are crossed on his knees. Needless to say, the sound of the piano has told everything. A piano piece, played by different people, can present a completely different style, such as the effect of the song "Drunkard", some such as the unrestrained after the madman drank heavily, and some like the person who is overwhelmed by the amount of alcohol took a sip of wine and the mood was a little fluttery. The piano music gives the player a considerable space to play, so the piano has become a way for the scholar to express his personality.
When it comes to expressing personality, it is impossible not to mention the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest during the Wei and Jin Dynasties. There are more than one painting depicting the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest in the Exhibition, signed by Li Gonglin of the Northern Song Dynasty, but actually the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest made by the Ming Dynasty, which presents the style of the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest in sections: shantao who does not release the scroll, Wang Rong who sits on his back, Ji Kang who looks at the piano from afar, Liu Ling who accompanies wine, Xiang Xiu who bows his head and meditates, Ruan Xian who is good at playing pipa, while Ruan Xian's uncle Ruan Xian lies on the mat, looking at a long scroll on his legs, wandering skeleton, wayward and natural.
Among the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest, the one with the deepest connection to the qin is Ji Kang. For Ji Kang, the piano and music are indispensable parts of life, and even when life is coming to an end, it is also necessary to accompany the piano.
It is said that Ji Kang once went to the west of Luoyang to enjoy the tour, came to live in Huayang Pavilion at night, Ji Kang led the piano to play, overheard a knock on the door, a guest who did not say his name, only said that he was an ancient person was welcomed in by Ji Kang, the two talked about the rhythm of the music, the excitement came, the guests came to the piano, played a song by themselves, the tone was wonderful, this song is called "Guangling San". After the guest taught Ji Kang to play "Guangling San", he instructed him not to pass it on, so he got up and left.
We don't know how long after this, Ji Kang came forward to defend his falsely accused friend and got into trouble, and Zhong Hui, who had always been at odds with him, took the opportunity to enter the rumors and killEdan. On the day of the execution, three thousand Tai students gathered in front of the execution ground to demand the appointment of Ji Kang as a teacher of Taixue, which was naturally rejected. In the face of death, Ji Kang's look did not change, and when his life was about to end, he asked to play the piano for the last time, he said: "In the past, Yuan Xiaoni tried to learn "Guangling San" from me, and every time I Jin Guzhi, "Guangling San" is now extinct! However, we can still hear "Guangling San" today, but the details of its inheritance are unknown, in the fifteenth century it appeared in Zhu Quan's "Magical Secret Score", after which it was once again extinguished, and in 1954, the guqinist Guan Pinghu restored this song according to the record of the "Magical Secret Score". The incessant "Guangling San" may lie in people's sympathy for Ji Kang's suffering, admiration for Ji Kang's personality charm, and the song of human death still exists, and it will be passed down from generation to generation.
Bamboo Forest Seven Sages as a painting subject, in the Six Dynasties has been quite popular, now the Nanjing Museum collection in 1960 Nanjing Xishan Bridge a tomb excavated from the Bamboo Forest Seven Sages brick paintings, interestingly, the Seven Sages in addition to a RongQi period of the image, he played the piano in the high bamboo forest, Rong Qi period is a contemporary with Confucius, Confucius was in the Taishan when he met rong qi period, he is not clothed, play the piano to enjoy himself. Painting Rong Qiqi and the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest together also has the meaning of expressing inheritance.
Yaji is in the West Garden
In the exhibition of Lin Xia Fengya, there is also a painting of the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest painted by the Ming dynasty Xie Bin and Zhu Sheng, which is composed of three groups of characters, named Yiqi, Inscription Wall, and Buxi, and the explanatory words remind the audience that although this painting claims to be the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest of Wei Jin, it coincides with some plots in the "West Garden Yajitu", "indicating that this kind of classic 'Gao Shi Tu' with the main purpose of conveying noble humanistic thought has evolved into a popular figure painting that may not be consistent with the name under the pen of some folk painters in the Ming and Qing dynasties."
So, what's going on with West Garden? We may wish to first look at a painting in the exhibition of a Ming Dynasty painter Chen Hongshou and a Qing Dynasty painter Hua Kun relay completed the "West Garden Elegant Collection". Chen Hongshou is a painter of the late Ming Dynasty with a very personal style, this long scroll has just begun, Chen Hongshou can no longer paint because of his dizziness and trembling hands, more than seventy years later, Hua Song completed the pen, he completed more than four-fifths of the length.
The long scroll depicts four groups of characters, each group of characters separated by tree stones, the first group is the part completed by Chen Hongshou, between the strange mountain stones, two GaoShi are sitting opposite, one is playing a stringed instrument, perhaps Ruan, one listening to the ear; from the second group, it is the completed part of Hua Song, the second group of five Gaoshi is either sitting or standing around a large piece of case, and one person in the middle is holding a pen dipped in ink and will be painting on the spread rice paper; the third group of four Gao Shi is also sitting or standing around a large piece of rice paper. One of the coats with their backs to the picture sits on a chair woven with vines, leaning forward slightly, writing with a brush in his hand; the fourth group of two coats is in front of a boulder, one of whom is writing on the stone, and there are children holding stones next to him.
The literati collection is indispensable to calligraphy and painting, and the calligrapher and painter paint the scene of the literati writing books and paintings into their own calligraphy and painting works, which is a pleasure. The audience will feel a little "strange" when watching Chen Hongshou and Hua Kun's "West Garden Elegant Collection", the trees, stones, characters' faces, and clothing are somewhat deformed and exaggerated, which is Chen Hongshou's unique artistic style, which has a profound impact on future generations.
In the Ming and Qing dynasties, many well-known painters painted the subject of the West Garden Collection. The story of the Xiyuan Yaji originated from the Northern Song Dynasty, and it is said that the Song Dynasty painter Li Gonglin had a "Xiyuan YajiTu", but unfortunately it no longer exists, but it is said that the Song Dynasty calligrapher Mi Fu has left a record of this picture, although its origin is also very doubtful. Mi Fu's account introduces which coats are painted in Li Gonglin's paintings and what their images are. Li Gonglin drew a total of sixteen Gao Shi, divided into five groups: the first group was centered on Su Shi, who was "grasping the pen and writing", and the onlookers were Wang Yi, Su Rui, Cai Zhao, and Li Zhiyi; the second group was centered on Li Gonglin, who was painting Tao Yuanming's deeds of "Returning to the Map"; huang Tingjian, Zhang Qian, Chao Shuzhi, and Zheng Jinglao; the third group of Qin Guan listened to the Taoist Chen Jingyuan Bomb Ruan; the fourth group Wang Qinchen looked at the rice inscription stone; and the fifth group Liu Jing listened to Master Yuantong's sayings.
A collection, gathered sixteen Gaoshi, including many Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu and other people, the lineup of West Garden Collection can be described as unprecedented, and in fact, this collection may not have happened at all, and where the West Garden is is not clear, some people think that West Garden is Wang Xue's garden, and some people think that West Garden is just a generic name. These sixteen coats, although they had friendship with each other, had never gathered together, so the West Garden Collection was a beautiful dream and a fascinating ideal of life. In this dream, yashi and yashi gathered together, because this dream was so beautiful, it led to the imitation of later generations of literati, even if they did not have their talents, they could also taste poetry and painting, lyrical spirit, and continue this beautiful dream.
Plum blossoms a few points of incense
In the ancient Chinese depiction of The image and life of Gaoshi, Gaoshi always takes nature as the background, sometimes the image of Gaoshi is only as large as a grain of rice, and the landscape is covered with the whole picture, at this time the landscape is not only a natural landscape, but also a landscape poured into the love of Gaoshi, a grass and a tree are born and died according to the laws of nature, and Gaoshi has seen himself, seen the cangsheng, and seen the heavens and the earth, and the imagery thus formed has been passed down for a long time, so that today when we mention a plum blossom or a bamboo, we will naturally associate many contents.
Ling Han's lone plum blossom is one of Coats' favorite plants. In the exhibition of Lin XiaFengya, there is a painting by the Qing Dynasty painter Xiao Chen "Lin Kui Exploring plums", which is the story of Gao Shi Lin Kui of the Northern Song Dynasty who "takes plums as his wife and cranes as his son", in the center of the picture there is a vigorous plum blossom tree, the branches of plum blossoms are buds to be released, the person holding the staff in front of the tree is Lin Kui, next to the servant children are spreading the table, the books are placed next to the seats, looking into the distance there is a small stream, the creek is built on the bridge, there is a servant boy holding a guqin in his hand to Lin Kui, and then looking into the distance is an empty landscape.
According to historical records, Lin Kui's personality is idyllic and ancient, and he is poor and happy, he traveled between Jianghuai and Huai in his early years, and later returned to his hometown of Hangzhou, living in seclusion on the lonely mountain of the West Lake. The West Lake is in the center of Hangzhou today, when the West Lake was still outside the city, and the lonely mountains were quite desolate. Lin Kui lived in seclusion in the lonely mountains and did not enter Hangcheng for more than 20 years. He has no wife and no children, and is not a lonely life of seclusion alone? Lin Kui is accompanied by his favorite poems, plums, and cranes, and has a complete and rich spiritual world, and does not feel lonely. Lin Kui wrote poems, and destroyed the manuscript every time he composed it, and his friend felt pity, and asked him why he did not preserve it and pass it on to future generations, Lin Kui replied: "We are obscure in the forest valley, and we do not want to be famous for a while, and the situation will be for posterity!" But the good deeds often secretly wrote down his poems, which even left a lot of Lin Kui's poems. We should thank this good deed, otherwise the famous phrase "the shadow is shallow and shallow, and the dark incense floats in the dusk of the moon" will forever sink into the sea of time.
Isn't the plum lover the only one? There is a painting of "The Poetic Intention of Plum Blossoms of the Tang and Song Dynasties" in the Linxia Fengya Exhibition, but the author is an unusual painter, who was completed by the Qianlong Emperor and Dong Bangda in cooperation. Qianlong named a small space in the Yangxin Hall "Meiwu", which shows his love and respect for Mei. The scroll is divided into nine sections, depicting in turn the poetry of nine poets from the Southern Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, namely He Xun of the Southern Dynasty, Song Jing and Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty, Lin Kui, Huang Tingjian, Su Shi, Zhang Qian, Chen Youyi, Zeng Ji of the Song Dynasty, and Qianlong also wrote a paragraph for each poet.
In this picture of Du Fu, Du Fu stood in front of a tile house, looked at a plum tree, and showed a rare smile. Why did Du Fu smile? We must find it from the poem selected in the painting, "The plum blossoms laugh together, and the cold branches are half-can't help but be". Perhaps in the second year of the Tang Dynasty (767), when Du Fu had left Chengdu and was living in Fuzhou (present-day Fengjie, Chongqing), when his younger brother Du Guan went north to Lantian to marry a bride, he detoured to Fuzhou to meet his brother briefly, and du Fu learned that his brother returned from Lantian to Jiangling (present-day Jingzhou, Hubei), and wrote "Brother Guan went to Lantian to take his wife to Jiangling, and sent three songs", "Patrolling the eaves and laughing with plum blossoms, Leng Rui and thinning branches" from the second song. Du Fu's joy is first of all because of his brother's happy events, and secondly, Du Fu also has a plan to move to Jiangling, maybe this plan will be successful, the brothers will never be separated again, after experiencing too much wandering, they can finally settle down, Du Fu is overjoyed, looking for plum blossoms to laugh together.
Qianlong wrote a paragraph full of respect for Du Fu's inscription: "Loyalty to the king and patriotism, the words of whales and blue seas." The land of thousands of miles of wind and smoke, the time of three winters of loneliness. Although he is as proud as Mei Ye, he will also be a little unforgiving, and Mr. Ruoyi, alone patrolling the eaves and laughing, without the people of the Huai clan, the people of the Ge Tianshi, why not. "Wu Huai and Ge Tianshi are both legendary ancient emperors, and their customs of the times are simple and beautiful. Proud as a plum, but not alone in self-congratulation, isolating itself from all the beautiful feelings of the world; arrogant as a plum, nor is it empty-eyed, the openness of the soul, the sorrow and joy of the life, are in the heart of Coats.