From July 15th to 19th, the 30th National Book Trade Fair was held in Jinan, Shandong Province, showing the fruitful results of news and publishing in the new era in an all-round way.
Strolling through the scene of the glittering Expo, tasting the common wisdom crystallization of all mankind, and fixing a picture of tranquility and happiness, this is a prosperous scene of the struggle of the people of all ethnic groups in the country led by the Communist Party of China, and it is also in line with the theme of this year's book fair: "Pay tribute to the centenary of the founding of the party, read and enjoy the fragrance of books in the prosperous world".
Using the perspective of history to interpret the changes around us, we can truly feel that today's happy life is precious, one of the more typical reference coordinates is the history of the rise and fall of the Haiyuan Pavilion collection, and "Hongnong Bingshe" is an inextricable mark.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="7" > "Hongnong House" in the past and present</h1>
Tianzhuang, about 13 kilometers southwest of Liaocheng, is a village under the jurisdiction of Houying Town in Dongchangfu District. The Liaocheng Tianzhuang Nursery in the west of the village belongs to the Liaocheng Natural Resources and Planning Bureau and is also the provincial forest germplasm resource bank of Ailanthus in Liaocheng.
△ Nursery worker Wang Huazhong pointed to the site of Yang's ancestral tomb
On the morning of July 16, Wang Huazhong, a staff member of the Tianzhuang Nursery, pointed to a piece of woodland and told reporters that this place was once the ancestral home of the Yang clan in Liaocheng, and the construction was very luxurious, with stone horses, stone sheep, stone beds, black and white big men, and exquisitely carved stone doors, as well as the "roar of looking at the sky" on the towering stone pillars. However, the original site now has almost nothing, only a few stone tablets and fragments of carvings scattered elsewhere.
Under the guidance of Wang Huazhong, the reporter saw two stone stele lying horizontally in a small courtyard in the nursery, one of which was facing upwards, and the inscription was clearly visible, showing that it was a "Liaocheng County Show" stele erected by Guangxu in July 27, and the other pass had no handwriting.
△ Broken carving
Through a row of sheds, the reporter saw a broken carving at the back of a row of houses, although only a small piece was left, through the ornaments and carvings, he could still feel the identity and status of the owner.
In another courtyard, there are two smaller stone tablets, and the handwriting is no longer legible. In addition, there are no traces related to the Yang clan in Liaocheng in the nursery yard, and there is no trace of the "Hongnong Bing She".
"Hongnong Bingshe" is some of the houses next to the Yang family's ancestral home in Liaocheng, and the more unanimous view of the academic circles is that the original purpose of the construction was to stop the coffin to guard the tomb, but the name has a deep meaning.
The Liaocheng County Chronicle records that Yang Zhaoyu (father of Yang Yizeng, the founder of Haiyuan Pavilion), a qin ancestor, moved from Huayin to Hongdong, Shanxi. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the ancestors of the Yang clan were given the command of Linqing Wei for their military merits. After Ming's death, he was reassigned to the command of Dongchangwei and joined Liaocheng. The Huayin Yang clan, also known as the Hongnong Yang clan, ranks third among the ten most prominent and prestigious families in Chinese history.
Professor Yang Chaoliang of Liaocheng University once wrote that the Yang clan named the house building next to the ancestral tomb in Liaocheng "Hongnong Bingshe", which has at least three meanings: First, the Liaocheng Yang clan is a descendant of the Hongnong Yang clan, which can reflect their proud ancestors; second, it shows that they never forget their ancestors and have the intention of pursuing the distant future; third, they encourage future generations to study and work hard like the ancestors and become a person who can honor their ancestors.
However, the reason why "Hongnong Bingshe" has been widely concerned by the academic community is not here, but because it was once a collection point of Haiyuan Pavilion.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="45" > the history of the HaiyuanGe collection</h1>
Haiyuan Pavilion is one of the four major private libraries in the late Qing Dynasty, because of the huge collection of books, the high specifications, the achievement of a glorious history of Liaocheng, behind which is the efforts of several generations of Yang's family, they have worked hard to collect books, but it is more necessary to bother to keep them.
Yang's Haiyuan Pavilion has a total of 220,000 volumes, of which more than 10,000 volumes of Song and Yuan rare books, in the face of such a large collection of books, Yang Yizeng, Yang Shaohe, Yang Baoyi, Yang Jingfu's grandchildren in addition to the classification of "classics, history, zi, and collection", also engraved and printed four volumes of "Haiyuan Pavilion Song and Yuan Secret Bibliography".
Ensuring the integrity of books is the key to book collection, so it is particularly important to dry, ventilate and store books.
The Yang family abided by the old rules, every two or three years must be booked, the whole family engaged in joint work, and invited a number of relatives and friends to help in advance, the time from Qingming to Lixia.
Because the sun is strong in summer, after the book is exposed, the paper is easy to crack, not durable, and there is a lot of rain, there is a risk that it will not be able to clean up; autumn is rainy and humid, so it is easy to attack the book. After the Qingming Festival, the climate is dry, the sun is warm, and it is most suitable for drying books, and it is not suitable for drying books after summer.
When drying books, Yang will hash each volume in order, move it back indoors in the sun for one to two hours, and then arrange the original shelf in the original order, and use white silk cotton paper to turn camphor bread into many small packets, which are packed in the letter with one or two small bags, but they must not be put into the book, and when the book cover is replaced, the book line is also in this period.
The collection of books in Haiyuan Pavilion is all rare books, there are wooden boxes on the outside, there are jin letters inside, and after the Qingming Festival, the windows of the whole department will be opened every day, so that the warm wind and air of the day can enter slowly, only the dust on the shelf will be cleaned, but the letter will not be published, from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., about 5 to 7 days, after this period, the windows of the whole department will be closed again, tightly sealed, and sealed at the same time, so as to be cautious.
This shows the rigor of Yang's Haiyuan Pavilion's collection of books, but no matter how hard a family tries, it will not help in the face of turbulent times, let alone avoid disasters. Based on this, "Hongnong Bingshe" has become a focus of academic attention.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="46" > devastated in turmoil</h1>
Haiyuan Pavilion and Yang House were intact for 87 years from their construction in 1840 to 1927, and despite the rebellion of the Twister Army Tao Nan Xinxi (1861 AD) and the allied Jingshi Gengzi (1900 AD), Haiyuan Pavilion was unharmed.
The original Yang Mansion main courtyard where Haiyuan Pavilion is located, there are many matching rooms, more than 100 rooms, and the pavilions in the interior are magnificent, which is the crown of all parts of Luxi. The interior decorations are gorgeous, and there is a great atmosphere of the old royal palace.
The courtyard is quiet, the flowers and plants are reflected, and there are many pottery next to the reading pavilion that are safely placed on the seven-story shelf, which shows the peaceful and idyllic scene at that time. However, as the warlords and bandits repeatedly ransacked Liaocheng, Haiyuan Pavilion was also destroyed, and its former site and facilities were destroyed.
Haiyuan Pavilion was first robbed in the spring of 1928. At that time, Ma Hongkui of the 17th Division of the Northwest Army of the Kuomintang Northern Expeditionary Army occupied Liaocheng, and the Haiyuan Pavilion collection was slightly lost. It was Yang Jingfu, the fourth master of Haiyuan Pavilion in the winter of that year, who transported more than ten boxes copied by song and Yuan schools to Jinmen.
On July 10, 1929, the bandit King Jinfa entered Liaocheng, his headquarters was located in Yangzhai, Haiyuan Pavilion was robbed again, and Wang Jinfa and his entourage plundered the Song and Yuan secret books and Jinshi calligraphy and paintings at will.
The third time was in the spring of 1930, when Wang Guanjun talked again, and the city was devastated and unbearable. Its bandits occupied The Haiyuan Pavilion for six months. In November of that year, when the 87th Brigade of the Kuomintang Third Route Army repelled the Wang bandits, Haiyuan Pavilion was full of books and was drenched in heavy rain.
Yang Jingfu was afraid of another accident, so on December 26 of that year, he secretly transported some of the remaining books to Jinan, and the other part was transported to the "Hongnong Bing House" next to the ancestral home of Tianzhuang in the southwest of Liaocheng for temporary storage. All the editions of the Haiyuange Series that were engraved by Yang's ancestors over the centuries were also transported to Tianzhuang for storage. At this point, the Haiyuan Pavilion, which was once famous all over the world because of the storage of secret books, after 90 years of ups and downs, people went to the empty building, thus ending its historical mission.
However, the Yang clan still did not avoid the disaster of the times, and after the Japanese Kou attacked Liaocheng in 1938, the books and houses in the "Hongnong Bingshe" of the tianzhuang were burned.
Text/Photo By Reporter Sun Kefeng