Author: Ye Shuming
Liang Dingfen (1859-1919), also spelled Xinghai, studied under Chen Li, a great Confucian of Lingnan. In the third year of Guangxu (1877), Shuntianxiang was raised. In the sixth year of Qing Guangxu (1880), he entered the priesthood and was awarded the Title of Shu Jishi of Hanlin Academy; in the ninth year of Guangxu (1883), he was awarded the title of Editor. In the tenth year of Guangxu (1884), Liang Dingfen, who had just entered the world, made a surprising move. Shangshu impeached Li Hongzhang, the minister of Beiyang, for signing a humiliating treaty after the Sino-French War, committing six major murderable crimes. Cixi was "furious with his kindness" and demoted him to the fifth rank in a row, making him the only "From the Nine Pins of Hanlin" to be appointed to the Taichang Temple. Liang Dingfen was only 26 years old at the time, flesh and blood Fang Gang, self-engraved on the side of the "twenty-seven years of dismissal" of the small seal, rolled up the baggage, a long roar I also went.
Hairdressed Liang Dingfen, but the hair in this photo is not the most prosperous
According to anecdotal rumors, this incident was because Li Wentian had calculated the official fortunes of the eight characters and calculated that he would die at the age of 27, and Liang Dingfen was so frightened that his soul was scattered and hurriedly asked for advice on the method of solution. Li Wentian said: Unless you experience a catastrophe, you will not be able to escape the disaster. Liang Dingfen wanted to come and go, but he didn't know what method could cause a big disaster. It was also a matter of coincidence, the imperial court was discussing and war plans, he had a clever move, and the upper court participated in a book by Li Hongzhang, accusing him of eight "murderable crimes." According to Liang Dingfen's wishful thinking, the imperial court reduced its guilt and at most distributed an army, which could not only relieve itself of death, but also make it famous in the world. Why not kill two birds with one stone? Empress Dowager Cixi was furious and wanted to punish Liang Dingfen for her sins, but after intercession from other ministers, she was no longer prosecuted.
This kind of wild history anecdotes, arranged by novelists, portrays Liang Dingfen as an idiot, proving that he did not participate in Li Hongzhang out of public conscience. This is the Spring and Autumn brushwork used by Chinese. However, Li Wentian's fame is indeed very large, and his old house in Duobaofang is also "the main glory house is expensive", until after the reform and opening up, there are also overseas letters that write "Duobaofang Tanhuadi" to receive it.
Wen Tingshi, a famous minister of the Qing Dynasty, was born in Chaozhou, Guangdong, and later moved to Guangzhou, living in Danguili, Hongqiao Street. He was also a scholar, an official who studied at the Hanlin Academy, and served as a teacher for Concubine Jin and Concubine Zhen, and he and Liang Dingfen were friends in the same window, but they had a tangled grudge.
Wenting style, general appearance, no hair marshal
Liang Dingfen resigned from Beijing and returned to the south, and Tuo Wentingshi took care of his wife, and wen Tingshi betrayed the trust of his best friends, and had a long-term relationship with Lady Liang and flew away together. Liang Dingfen suffered a double blow of career frustration and emotional betrayal. But this is not the end of the story, the ending is even more emotional: after Wen Tingshi's death, Lady Liang's life was tight, and she ran back to find Liang Dingfen, who secretly gave her three thousand two silver tickets regardless of the past. Wen Ting-style spring under the know, why not on the bridge, I don't know if there will be a long sigh?
After Liang Dingfen returned to Guangdong, Guangxu took charge of Huizhou Fenghu Academy in the twelfth year (1886) and The Duanxi Academy in Zhaoqing the following year. Both of these are among the most famous colleges in Lingnan. At the time of Fenghu Academy, the building of sanyang, named "Fenghu Library", has a collection of more than 40,000 volumes, which is one of the famous academy collections in Guangdong, and has the "Four Covenants of Fenghu Book Collection", and other colleges have also imitated the construction of library buildings.
Today's powder squeezing street, can not find Liang Bo's former residence
Liang Dingfen has a Taishidi in Guangzhou's FanFai Street, and he set up the Kuishuang Pavilion of Taishidi as the first public library in Guangzhou, the Liang Ancestral Library, which is open to students in various schools in Guangzhou, and the collection is 89 out of 10 old books, and 11/12 is new books. Although there is no Song and Yuan Dynasty, there are many books, hubei province and county records are generally complete, and modern poetry collections are also very rich. Liang Dingfen also hand-wrote the "Statutes of the Liang Ancestral Library", which is divided into five covenants: reading books, banknote books, borrowing books, reading books, and donating books, which are very standardized. After Liang Dingfen's death in 1919, his son donated more than 20,000 volumes to the Guangdong Library (now the Guangdong Provincial Zhongshan Library), which was equivalent to twice the total number of books in the provincial library at that time.
Zhang Zhidong, the governor of Liangguang, admired Liang Dingfen's courage to impeach Li Hongzhang, and also admired his talent and learning, extended into the curtain, and began a 15-year-long relationship between guests and hosts. Guangya College is a major event they have jointly organized. Zhang Zhidong has a long letter to Liang Dingfen, discussing in detail how to choose the site. He asked Liang Dingfen to be the first mountain chief, and when choosing the site of the courtyard, he also took into account Liang Dingfen's temperament of "not wanting to live in a bustling place". In the details, Yi Xian Zhang Zhidong took care of the scholars, taking care of them. In his letter, Zhang Zhidong proposed three locations, one is Xiqiao Mountain, one is Zhaoqing, and the other is Guangzhou. Because Liang Dingfen likes to be clean, Xiqiao Mountain is the first choice. Zhang Zhidong sent people to the local area twice to investigate, but unfortunately, at that time, the bandits in Xiqiao Mountain were seriously troubled and the security was not peaceful, and Zhang Zhidong vetoed it, and finally chose Guangzhou.
In the thirteenth year of Guangxu (1887), the academy was built in the west of Guangzhou City and named "Guangya", which means "Guanger Daye, Yazhi Zhengye" (that is, now Guangya Middle School). Liang Dingfen was the first mountain chief of Guangya Academy, which consisted of four branches: scripture, history, science and literature. The current students of Guangya Middle School should worship in front of the statue of Liang Dingfen, who is their founder and the first principal!
Later, Zhang Zhidong was transferred to the governor of Huguang, and Liang Dingfen followed him. In the eighteenth year of Guangxu (1892), Zhang Zhidong founded the Two Lakes Academy in Hubei, and at first there was no mountain chief, but one person in charge and two deputies in the prison. Later, he was promoted to the position of dean, with Liang Dingfen as the director. In the 20th year of Guangxu (1894), Zhang Zhidong acted as the governor of Liangjiang as Liu Kun and reappointed Liang Dingfen as the head of Zhongshan Academy. In the 28th year of Guangxu (1902), Zhang Zhidong established the Provincial Academic Affairs Office in Hubei Province, which was in charge of public and private universities, middle schools and primary schools and study abroad in the province. Liang Dingfen served as the general director of the Literature Hall of the Academic Affairs Office, in charge of the education administration of the Provincial Literature Hall, responsible for formulating and inspecting the curriculum of each school, the graduation years of students, and the appointment of teaching staff. Zhang Zhidong is regarded as a reformer of China's modern education system, and Liang Dingfen is his right-hand man.
In the thirty-second year of the Qing Dynasty (1906), Liang Dingfen was promoted to the post of envoy of Hubei Province, and he vigorously advocated the establishment of the constitution, but at the same time impeached the leader of the constitutionalist faction, Prince Qing Yili, and the governor yuan shikai, and scolded rongqing, Xu Shichang and eight other important ministers of the court in one breath. Everyone gave him a nickname called "Liang Crazy".
In the first year of the Qing Dynasty (1909), Zhang Zhidong died in Beijing. Liang Dingfen personally helped the coffin to Nanpi, Zhang Zhidong's hometown, and cried bitterly along the way, and the sound was tremendous. He has a pair of elegies to mourn the founder of Guangya Academy: "In order to learn from the Han and Song Dynasties, for the politics of The Chinese and Western, a generation of masters into xiangye; his heart is ghostly, his talent is also a literary and martial arts, and the Kyushu public opinion is in the human world." Liang Qichao tried to discuss the relationship between Zhang Zhidong and Liang Dingfen: "Those who worship the cave under the heavens will worship Dingfen; those who spit on the cave will spit and curse Dingfen." On the cave and the fenjin three living stones, the inexplicable fate is complete. "Dingfen is the small hole, and the hole is the big Dingfen." [1]
Three years after the declaration of reunification (1911), the Xinhai Revolution broke out. Guangzhou is one of the most active cities in the League, in a situation where the mountains and rain are about to come and the wind is full of buildings. Guangzhou gentlemen and merchants have repeatedly held meetings to discuss the whereabouts of Guangdong. Liang Dingfen expressed his opinion at the congress, believing that only autonomy can improve politics; only by reforming politics can we stop the revolution. If we take this opportunity to sweep away all the bad government, the revolutionary party will not be able to harm Guangdong and will be able to benefit Guangdong.
A small view inside the powder street
In order to calm people's minds, Liang Dingfen also asked someone to make a few wooden tablets and write his personal "Anmin Notice". The first wooden plaque reads: Poor people and expensive rice, now with officials and gentlemen, jointly run a flat rice, special knowledge. The second wooden plaque reads: Rumors that there was something wrong in the ninth day of the first nine days in Guangdong, and now that they are over, they are the same people of the Great Qing Dynasty, do not listen to rumors lightly, and each should live and work in peace and contentment. The third wooden plaque reads: My family lives on The Mill Street, my family has not been relocated, books and paintings, and there is no movement, if you do not believe, please come and check immediately, let the public punish. The fourth wooden plaque reads: On the fourth and eighth days of the first year, they deliberated at the Wenlan Academy for consecutive days, and after writing to ask for a platform, contact the Manchu Han, and jointly protect the public security. At present, on the ground of the provincial capital, the Manchus and Han have been reconciled, there are no cannons on the city, and the Revolutionary Party has nothing to attack, so public security can be guaranteed. On the evening of the eighth day of the first month, some people proposed to put up a flag, which was a misunderstanding, and it has now been dissolved, and the official field has not investigated deeply. Residents of all shopping malls can open shops as soon as possible, trade as usual, and pray for the most important prayer. The four wooden plaques were signed with Liang Dingfen's name, and a few people were hired to carry them, and they paraded along the street, attracting many people to watch.
But Liang Dingfen was not able to prevent the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty. On January 1, 1912, the Provisional Government of the Republic of China in Nanjing was established, and Sun Yat-sen was inaugurated as the Provisional President. When Liang Dingfen heard this news, she wore filial piety on the same day and vowed to serve filial piety for life. He twice went to the Xiling tomb of Liang Gezhuang to prostrate himself in the hall of Emperor Dezong's temporary peace, and he spent his meals outside the sleeping hall and looked at the drooling. After the death of Empress Xiaodingjing, Liang Dingfen was entrusted with the honor of An Chongling, and he voluntarily stayed in the mausoleum and was appointed as the "Minister of Tree Planting in Chongling". He walked in Yuqing Palace and served as the master of the deposed emperor Puyi.
Instead of being a submissive citizen of the Republic of China, it is better to plant trees
In 1917, Zhang Xun launched the restoration of Ding Wei, and Liang Dingfen was already ill and still supported the illness. However, the restoration soon failed, and Liang Dingfen, who aspired to be the "first-class loyal minister of the Great Qing Dynasty", suffered a double blow mentally and physically, and became seriously ill, and died in 1919. He once said to his son: "I have been lonely all my life, I have not achieved any achievements in learning, everything is not engraved, my heart is desolate, and words cannot be transmitted." He also instructed: "My son must not be an official in this life, his family is poor and has no food, and he can sell medicine and vegetables." The calligraphy and painting documents I have left behind can be sold at any time, and if it is exhausted, it can starve to death. "There are "Mr. Jie'an's Last Poems" and sequels, "Mr. Jie'an's Testament" and the remaining manuscripts, "Mr. Jie'an Fan Ink" and other posthumous works.
Read this article, taste the past of Guangzhou:
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