Cheese pie explainer
Editor|Cheesepie explainer
Atmospheric load displacement is an important aspect of Earth deformation research, atmospheric load changes can be studied by observing ground displacement, Earth models play a key role in atmospheric load displacement modeling, different Earth models may have an impact on displacement results.
Taking China's land area as the research object, what are the effects of different earth models on atmospheric load displacement modeling?
①
●○ Concept and background of atmospheric load displacement ○●
Atmospheric load displacement is an important aspect of the study of earth deformation, which refers to the displacement phenomenon caused by changes in atmospheric mass on the earth's surface, and atmospheric load displacement is the deformation effect of the earth's surface caused by mass distribution and pressure changes in the atmosphere.
Observations of atmospheric load displacement can be carried out by technical means such as the Global Positioning System (GPS), which can measure the change in position at a point on the ground in spatial coordinates.
The principle of atmospheric load displacement can be understood through the following aspects, first of all, the mass distribution in the atmosphere is uneven, which is caused by changes in space and time due to factors such as temperature, humidity, air pressure and other factors in the atmosphere, and this uneven mass distribution will have an impact on the gravitational field on the earth's surface, which in turn leads to deformation of the earth's surface.
Changes in atmospheric pressure can also cause displacement of the Earth's surface, and changes in atmospheric pressure can be caused by meteorological factors, such as the formation and movement of cyclones with high and low air pressure, or changes in weather systems, which produce horizontal and vertical displacement effects on the Earth's surface.
Atmospheric load displacement is also affected by the movement of materials in the Earth's interior, and the Earth's crust plate movement and seismic activity will cause deformation of the Earth's surface, which in turn affects the observation results of atmospheric load displacement.
Atmospheric load displacement is a phenomenon of deformation of the earth's surface caused by atmospheric mass distribution and pressure changes, and the interaction between the atmospheric system and the earth system can be revealed by observing and analyzing the atmospheric load displacement, which is of great significance for the study of climate change and geodynamic processes.
Atmospheric load displacement observation techniques mainly include global positioning system and ground gravity observation, GPS is a satellite signal-based positioning system, by receiving signals from multiple satellites to determine the position and elevation of observation points.
In the study of atmospheric load displacement, GPS technology is widely used to monitor changes in surface displacement, and through GPS receivers installed on the surface, changes in surface position can be continuously recorded, including small displacements caused by changes in atmospheric load.
Ground gravity observation is also an important observation technology, used to measure the change of the earth's gravitational field, gravity observation instruments can measure the vertical downward gravity acceleration on the surface, so as to obtain the earth's gravitational field information, through continuous gravity observation, can detect the impact of changes in atmospheric load on the earth's deformation, gravity observation instruments usually need to be placed in a fixed position, and conduct long-term continuous observation to obtain high-quality gravity data.
These observation techniques provide real-time data on atmospheric load displacement, but the processing and analysis of data also need to consider other factors, for example, GPS observation data needs to be processed and solved to obtain accurate position information, at the same time, the influence of atmospheric conditions on GPS signal propagation needs to be considered, and atmospheric correction is carried out to reduce the impact of atmospheric errors on displacement results.
In terms of data sources, the study of atmospheric load displacement usually uses multiple data sources for analysis, firstly, GPS observation data is the main data source, including continuous observation data from ground GPS stations and satellite orbit data, and secondly, ground gravity observation data is also widely used in the study of atmospheric load displacement.
Meteorological data, atmospheric pressure and temperature observation data are also important data sources for obtaining atmospheric load information, which can be obtained through ground observation stations, meteorological observation stations, satellite measurements, etc.
Using these observation techniques and data sources, researchers can obtain time series data of atmospheric load displacement, and conduct further analysis and modeling to reveal the impact of atmospheric load changes on the deformation of the earth.
Atmospheric load displacement is of great significance in earth science, as an important aspect of earth deformation research, atmospheric load displacement provides information on the deformation of the earth's surface caused by atmospheric mass changes, and the study of this deformation phenomenon has a wide range of application value for understanding the dynamic processes of the earth system and climate change.
Atmospheric load displacement can reveal the dynamic characteristics of the earth's atmospheric system, atmospheric mass and energy exchange play an important role in the operation of the earth system and climate change, through monitoring and studying atmospheric load displacement, we can deeply understand the temporal and spatial changes of atmospheric quality, and reveal the material cycle process in the atmosphere.
Atmospheric load displacement is of great significance for the interpretation of crustal motion and earth deformation, which is caused by a combination of many factors, including atmospheric load, hydrological load, glacier load, and the structure and crust movement of the earth's interior.
As an important factor, atmospheric load displacement can not be ignored, and by accurately measuring and modeling atmospheric load displacement, the mechanism of crustal movement, such as seismic activity, crustal uplift and subsidence, can be better understood, so as to provide a basis for earthquake prediction and geological hazard risk assessment.
Atmospheric load displacement also provides valuable information for measuring the Earth's gravity field and studying the Earth's internal structure, and changes in the Earth's gravity field are closely related to changes in atmospheric load, and the Earth's gravity field can be more accurately studied and modeled by monitoring atmospheric load displacement.
Atmospheric load displacement can also be used to study internal processes such as material transport and mantle flow in the Earth's interior, providing important observational data for research in the field of geodynamics and geophysics.
②
●○Overview of the Earth Model ○●
The reference ellipsoid is one of the basic mathematical models that describe the shape of the earth, it assumes that the earth is an object with an approximate ellipsoidal shape, and describes its geometric characteristics through a series of parameters, the basic principle of the reference ellipsoid is based on the rotational deformation of the earth and the equilibrium of the gravitational field.
During the rotation of the Earth, due to the non-uniform density distribution of the Earth and the centrifugal force caused by its rotation, the Earth takes on a shape similar to an ellipsoid, and the reference ellipsoid approximates the shape of the Earth by defining the axial length and flatness of the ellipsoid.
The parameters of the reference ellipsoid include the major semi-axis (a), the semi-minor axis (b) and the flattenance (f), the major semi-axis (a) refers to the distance through the earth's north pole and equator, that is, the maximum radius of the earth, the semi-minor axis (b) refers to the distance through the two poles of the earth, that is, the minimum radius of the earth, and the flatness (f) refers to the flatness of the earth, which is the ratio obtained by dividing the difference between the major and semi-minor axes by the major and semi-major axes.
The choice of reference ellipsoid is usually determined according to the needs and application areas of the study, and different reference ellipsoids may be suitable for different geographical areas and research purposes.
In geodesy and mapping, commonly used reference spheroids include international ellipsoids, World Geodetic System ellipsoids, etc., the parameters of these reference ellipsoids have been clearly defined in international standards to ensure consistency on a global scale.
The parameters of the reference ellipsoid have an important impact on the atmospheric load displacement modeling, due to the difference between the reference ellipsoid and the actual shape of the earth, the displacement measurement results may have certain errors, therefore, when modeling the atmospheric load displacement, it is necessary to accurately select the reference ellipsoid suitable for the study area and purpose, and accurately estimate and adjust its parameters to improve the accuracy and reliability of the displacement model.
The geoid is an important concept in earth science, it is a reference plane, used to measure the altitude of various points on the earth, on the surface of the earth, due to the earth's rotation, crustal motion and the complex influence of the earth's gravitational field, the height of the surface will change, in order to carry out accurate geographical measurements and earth shape research, scientists introduced the geoid as a reference plane.
The geoid can be defined as a plane theoretically tangent to the earth's surface, the average height of the plane through sea level, and certain reference points on the continents, usually, the internationally used reference point is a specific level reference point, such as a measuring station or a landmark building reference point, the determination of the geoid needs to be measured and calculated through the Global Geolevel Network to obtain height data on a global scale.
The geoid has a wide range of applications in the earth sciences, starting with determining the altitude of different locations on Earth to build topographic maps and elevation models, which are essential for land-use planning, engineering design, water management, and geological research.
The geoid can also be used to measure surface deformation caused by crustal movement and seismic activity, and by continuously monitoring height changes at specific reference points, scientists can study the Earth's crust movement processes and understand the Earth's tectonic evolution and plate movement.
The geoid plane is also closely related to positioning and measurement by global navigation satellite systems such as GPS, which facilitates precise positioning and navigation.
The geoid as a reference plane plays an important role in earth science, it is not only used to determine the altitude of different places on the earth, but also has a wide range of applications in the fields of crustal movement research, engineering construction, geological hazard prediction, etc., by accurately defining and applying the geoid, scientists can better understand and explain the shape, movement and change of the earth.
bibliography
Using GNSS vertical displacement to study regional water storage changes Shen Yingchun, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Institute of Precision Measurement Science and Technology Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences) 2021-06-01
Analysis of seasonal hydrological load displacement and stress-strain in Sichuan Province Wang Ruidong Southwest Jiaotong University, 2021-05-15
Study on the horizontal deformation characteristics of regional crust affected by atmospheric load Zhang Bo, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, 2021-04-03
If you like my article, please click "follow", welcome to discuss with me in the comment area, may the world be peaceful.
END