Source: Overseas Network
On September 28, the "Shanghai" China-Europe train started from Shanghai and sailed to Hamburg, Germany. Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Ding Ting
A Fuxing train from Shenyang North Railway Station to Beijing Chaoyang Station runs on the Beijing-Harbin high-speed railway line. Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Yang Qing
In the golden autumn season, the wind is cool. On October 14, the 2nd United Nations Global Conference on Sustainable Transport was officially opened at the China National Convention Center in Beijing. During the three-day conference, representatives from more than 100 countries attended the conference online and offline, and combined with national experience, they offered suggestions and suggestions on topics such as green development and scientific and technological innovation.
What is sustainable transport? "Sustainable transport has a broad meaning, not only greener, but also safer, more low-carbon, is a macro concept." Liu Zhenmin, Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations and Secretary-General of the General Assembly, explained, "Achieving sustainable transportation is not only a problem for the government, but also a problem for enterprises and the public. ”
In recent years, China has continued to promote the sustainable development of transportation, achieved practical results in energy conservation and carbon reduction, and deepened environmental friendliness. As pointed out in the "Report on China's Sustainable Transport Development" (hereinafter referred to as the "Report") released during the conference, China's transport development has made historic achievements, undergone historic changes, entered a new stage of high-quality development, and is accelerating its march towards a transportation power.
Build a transportation powerhouse
Contribute to China's solutions for sustainable transport
It is understood that after the first Global Sustainable Transport Conference was held in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan in 2016, this conference is the second time that the United Nations has held it after 5 years. Why was the second congress elected in China?
"China's remarkable achievements in sustainable transport development are worth learning from, which is one of the reasons why the United Nations chose China as the host of the Conference." Liu Zhenmin said that many of China's transportation construction projects have promoted poverty alleviation, economic growth and improvement of people's livelihood, and effectively promoted the implementation of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, and "sustainable" is increasingly becoming the development label of China's transportation sector.
Among them, promoting the coordinated development of comprehensive transportation is the "highlight" of China's sustainable transportation.
The data shows that China's national comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network with railways as the main trunk, highways as the basis, and the comparative advantages of water transport and civil aviation are becoming more and more perfect. The coverage rate of high-speed railways for cities with a population of more than one million exceeds 95%, the coverage rate of expressways for cities with a population of more than 200,000 exceeds 98%, and the coverage rate of civil transport airports is more than 92% of prefecture-level cities.
At the same time, China's transportation service capacity and level have also improved significantly. The "Report" shows that the large-capacity, efficient and rapid passenger service system based on high-speed rail and aviation has accelerated its formation, the EMU train has borne 70% of the railway passenger traffic, the normal rate of civil aviation flights has exceeded 80% for three consecutive years, and the transformation and upgrading of road passenger transport is also accelerating.
"If you want to be rich, build roads first." This phrase was mentioned many times at this conference. China's transportation has become the "pioneer official" of national economic development, which has been unanimously recognized by the participants.
On the small stamp, a red truck is driving out of the Dulongjiang Highway Tunnel in Gaoligong Mountain, Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, and driving to the beautiful Dulongjiang Township - on October 15, during the conference, the launch ceremony of the special stamp "Sustainable Development of Transportation" was successfully held, and the hand-painted stamp "Traffic Poverty Alleviation" attracted widespread attention as soon as it was unveiled.
According to reports, Dulongjiang Township is the only settlement of the Dulong ethnic minority. Because Dulongjiang Township is located in the midst of lofty mountains, the 65-kilometer-long Centaur Stagecoach Road, which was excavated in 1964, is the lifeline of the Dulong people's connection with the outside world.
"Because June to October is the rainy season, the horse gang soaks in the rain almost every day." Di Shirong, a villager in Bapo Village, who used to be a state-run horse driver for the horse gang, still remembers that in order to avoid the rain, he often covered his head with plastic film and used a flashlight to hurry. Sometimes mudslides washed away roads, and they had to wait for rescue, and when the fried noodles and buds on their backs were finished, they dug up wild vegetables to fill their hunger.
In 2014, the Dulongjiang Highway Tunnel was fully penetrated, ending the history of Dulongjiang Township encountering snow-capped roads. Villagers run transportation, open excavators, run farms, do e-commerce, and work as tour guides, and the total income of the rural economy in the township in 2020 has reached 42.6383 million yuan.
Rural areas are well-off, and transportation must go first. In fact, the historic leap of the Dulongjiang River is only a microcosm of China's transportation development. Today, the dream of Chinese farmers to "go out on the cement road and lift their feet on the bus" has become a reality, and the problem of difficulty in walking in poor areas has been historically solved.
"The Chinese government regards transportation poverty alleviation as an important support for serving the comprehensive construction of a moderately prosperous society and the sharing of the fruits of reform and development by the people." At the first theme meeting of the conference, Ma Junsheng, director of the State Post Bureau, introduced that the Chinese government has strengthened the construction of rural postal facilities and universal services by allowing all qualified townships and villages to connect buses, hardened roads and direct postal services, so as to help alleviate poverty and revitalize rural areas, and to achieve a well-off road without leaving any place behind due to traffic.
Cooperation is also one of the high-frequency words spoken by the delegates at this conference. In promoting cooperation in the field of global transportation, China is indeed a pioneer.
With the Belt and Road Initiative as a platform for cooperation, China has signed 22 bilateral and multilateral intergovernmental and international road transport facilitation agreements with 19 countries. Seafarer Certificate of Competency Licensing Agreements were signed with 27 countries. The China-Europe express train has accumulated more than 40,000 trains, reaching 174 cities in 23 European countries, and the initial exploration has formed an international train operation mechanism of multinational cooperation.
Li Xiaopeng, Minister of Transport of China, said: "Adhering to the new development concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing, China attaches great importance to sustainable transport development, actively participates in global transport governance, and contributes chinese solutions to promote global sustainable development and build a community with a shared future for mankind." ”
Accelerate scientific and technological innovation
Provide development opportunities for sustainable transport
Rolling mill intelligent cockpit, 5G cloud driving, automated port... In recent years, with the acceleration of China's scientific and technological innovation, new technologies such as big data, the Internet, and artificial intelligence have been deeply integrated with the transportation industry, providing unprecedented development opportunities for sustainable transportation.
"The Chinese government attaches great importance to innovation and has always regarded innovation as the first driving force for development." Wang Zhiqing, vice minister of the Ministry of Transport, said that China adheres to innovation-driven and promotes transportation to make outstanding achievements in advanced equipment manufacturing.
"It's amazing! It feels very real, and this time I can also drive the high-speed train. After experiencing the simulated driving of the Beijing-Zhang high-speed railway at the "China Railway" booth in the interactive experience exhibition area of the conference, Cedric from Ghana praised the participants.
The on-site staff told reporters that the participants can personally drive the "Fuxing" simulator, depart from Beijing North Railway Station, and experience the feeling of being a high-speed rail driver while viewing the scenery along the Beijing-Zhang high-speed railway. The gauges, buttons, and foot pedals on the simulated driving console are identical to the real driver's platform of the Fuxing, providing an immersive high-speed rail driving experience for the experience.
"China has mastered a complete set of technologies for the construction of high-speed railways under various complex geological and climatic conditions, and has overcome a series of technical problems in the construction of super projects such as complex long tunnels." Wang Jiaqiong, president of Beijing Jiaotong University, told reporters that at present, China has formed a "Fuxing" series of products covering different speed levels of 160-350 kilometers per hour and can adapt to the needs of a variety of operating environments, and Technologies such as Beidou satellite navigation, 5G, and big data have been successfully applied in high-speed rail.
In addition to major breakthroughs in transportation equipment technology, China's transportation infrastructure construction technology has also ranked among the world's advanced.
Symmetrical Chinese style buildings, the central light hall opened up and down, the overlapping arrangement of the high-speed rail pusu depot... Walking into the construction site of Beijing Fengtai Station, various innovative elements can be seen everywhere.
For example, in the location of the passageway at the entrance and exit of the station, in order to minimize the noise pollution caused by the operation of the train, the construction team of China Railway Construction Engineering Group, which is responsible for the construction of Fengtai Station, chose to use aluminum plates to decorate the wall. "We originally designed the aluminum plate to be densely assembled, but in practice, we found that this installation method will have a significant unevenness in the naked eye under specific light." In order to achieve better physical results, the construction team thought left and right, and finally decided to use the seam installation method through the production of the physical template.
"The installation of the seam eliminates the conventional gluing process, and the difficulty of quality control is greatly reduced, avoiding the subsequent maintenance risks caused by gluing aging, saving time and effort, and surviving at one time." Yang Hongtao, an expert in decoration technology of China Railway Construction Engineering Group, explained.
In recent years, the level of digitalization of China's transportation industry has been significantly improved.
"At the Qingdao Port Automated Terminal, from ship loading and unloading to cargo owner picking up and delivering cargo, all links are automatically completed by the system, and the operation efficiency is about 30% higher than that of the manual terminal." Zhang Liangang, a high-level expert of Shandong Port Group, said that of the 600 million tons of cargo throughput of Qingdao Port in 2020, no 1 ton of cargo was completed by manpower.
It is understood that the Qingdao Port Automated Container Terminal has pioneered more than ten technologies such as automatic guided vehicle cycle charging, large-scale equipment "one-key anchoring", robot disassembly and container spin lock, etc., providing the world with a low-cost, short-term, fully intelligent, high-efficiency and safer "Chinese solution" for the construction of fully automated terminals.
In fact, behind this is the hard work of Qingdao Port people. Hundreds of thousands of words of analysis and demonstration reports and more than 3,000 technical seminars of the meeting record witnessed the hard work of the team, after more than 100,000 tests, Zhang Liangang led the team in only 3 and a half years, to complete the foreign conventional 8 to 10 years of research and development and construction, completely cracked the core technology of the automated terminal.
"If transportation is to be sustainable, greater breakthroughs must be made in digitalization, intelligence and greening." Li Xuesong, director of the Institute of Quantitative And Technological Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, analyzed that the development potential of technology is huge and the prospects are broad, which can improve the potential growth rate of the global economy and promote the long-term sustainable recovery of the economy.
Green and low-carbon transformation
Point the way forward for sustainable mobility
Transport is one of the focus areas for energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. At the opening ceremony of the conference, UN Secretary-General António Guterres pointed out that transportation currently accounts for more than 1/4 of global greenhouse gas emissions.
Strengthening energy conservation and emission reduction in transportation and reducing the impact of transportation on energy consumption and the environment are important contents for promoting global sustainable development.
As the world's largest developing country, with the shortest time in global history to achieve carbon peak to carbon neutrality, China has the heavy responsibility to shoulder the burden, to practice its words, and actively participate in the green development of global transportation, contributor and leader.
In fact, if China's transportation wants to enter the "fast lane" of green and low-carbon transformation, it is particularly important to optimize the energy consumption structure.
According to the data, China has organized demonstration projects such as green transportation provinces (cities), green highways, and green ports, with an annual saving of more than 630,000 tons of standard coal, and compared with 2015, the carbon dioxide emission intensity of China's transportation will drop by 7.5% in 2020.
It is worth mentioning that electronic non-stop charging technology (ETC) has now become an important means to improve the efficiency of China's expressway traffic, energy conservation and emission reduction.
"I've been using ETC for more than a year, which is really less troublesome than before." Wang Ke, a car owner who lives in Jinan, said, "Before doing it, I often had to wait in line for ten minutes to take the artificial passage, and since I did ETC, the toll booth passed in a few seconds, and the fee was also 95% off." ”
The "Report" pointed out that in 2019, China Construction completed more than 24,000 sets of ETC gantry systems, completed the transformation of more than 48,000 ETC lanes, and realized the "one network" operation of national highways. By the end of 2020, only because OFC reduced vehicle start and stop, the average daily fuel savings were 730.4 tons, which could save 240 million liters of energy consumption and reduce carbon dioxide emissions by more than 650,000 tons.
"In the future, China's transportation industry should establish a monitoring system and emission inventory of carbon emission sources in transportation, scientifically and reasonably determine the peak and time of carbon peaking in transportation, improve the green finance and carbon trading market, and strengthen the development of carbon cycle technology." Zhou Wei, former chief engineer of the Ministry of Transport, suggested.
In addition, China Communications has always adhered to the concept of green development of the whole life cycle, and the ecological and environmental protection requirements run through the entire process of infrastructure planning, construction, operation and maintenance.
The Tianshan Victory Tunnel is close to the Tianshan No. 1 Glacier, and the Urumqi River, formed by the meltwater of the snow-capped mountains, passes through the project area. In order to protect the purity of the river, the construction project department of China Communications Construction Group has carefully planned and rerouted the river in the upper reaches of the construction area.
"We buried large-diameter bellows in the ground to ensure that the water flow was smooth and unpolluted, and built high protective wall canals on the ground to ensure the normal discharge of large-flowing river water during the flood season." Cui Jingchuan, the project leader, proudly said that the scientific diversion scheme made the river unaffected by the construction.
Not only that, the project department will also collect the wastewater and sewage generated during the construction process, centrally input it into the sewage treatment center, and then use it for tunnel excavation, mixing station production and concrete maintenance and other construction links to achieve construction water recycling.
Under the concept of green travel, China's slow traffic (i.e. cycling and walking) environment is also becoming more friendly.
At the "Beijing Transportation" booth in the interactive experience exhibition area of the conference, the latest shared bicycle products of various bicycle companies were parked in an orderly manner, attracting many participants to stop and experience.
A set of data shows Beijing's development achievements in the field of slow traffic in recent years: among international cities with a similar population size, Beijing ranks first in the mileage of slow-moving transportation facilities, ranks first in the total mileage of bicycle lanes, and has a total of 36.19 million daily trips in the central urban area, and 3.17 kilometers of bicycle lanes for 10,000 people, ranking among the top in the world.
Survey data shows that in 2020, the satisfaction rate of green travel in Beijing will exceed 85%, and the proportion of green travel in central urban areas will reach 73.1%. According to reports, in accordance with the requirements of traffic carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, Beijing's travel structure will continue to be optimized, and by 2035, the proportion of green travel in the central urban area will increase to 80%, when 80% of travelers in the central urban area will choose green travel. (Reporter Liu Leyi)
People's Daily Overseas Edition ( October 26, 2021, Edition 05)