(Image from the Internet)
The long-standing Wushan County Academy
Shi Guodong
Located in the upper reaches of the WeiHe River, Wushan is one of the birthplaces of the Chinese nation, with a long history of culture and education. Since the establishment of counties in the Eastern Han Dynasty in 188 AD, the development and construction has a history of more than 1800 years, but because of the remote frontier, the mixed ethnic groups, the war and chaos for many years, the frequent change of political power, the historical materials before the Yuan Dynasty have disappeared.
In the Yuan Dynasty, historical materials were preserved, but they were mostly found in inscriptions. Since the Ming and Qing dynasties, the society has been relatively stable, and the economy and culture have also been relatively developed, and there are relatively systematic historical records.
According to the "Wushan County Chronicle of Ming Wanli", in the thirty-fifth year of the Ming Dynasty (1607 AD), Yang Han of Zhixian County founded "Shangyou Hall", which was the earliest academy in Wushan County.
In the seventeenth year of the Qianlong Dynasty (1752), the Jingmen hu dian yu ren Ningyuan County Zhi County, because of the situation of "Ningyi secluded in the west, following the backwardness", in the twentieth year of the Qianlong Dynasty (1755), in the south of the Guanguan Guandi Temple West (now the site of chengguan primary school) to build a academy. Built "the main hall of the three trees, the side corridor four houses, the courtyard in front of the fence with a short wall. The inner pavilion is called 'Nan Fu'", with the front hall of the Guandi Temple as the lecture hall, and the left and right rooms are built, "Qi Shu Ling, Zhu Men Bi Mu", the scale is quite considerable. Because the Yuan Dynasty had set up Laiyuan Town in Wushan County, it was named Laiyuan Academy.
The college was completed, established rules and regulations such as "monthly classes" and "quarterly examinations", hired Confucian scholars to give lectures, and studied a lot of students, and the college was called prosperous. Hu Dianyu also often lectured at the academy and reviewed the students' papers, and paid great attention to the college. There was a poem from "The Students of the Academy":
Xia Ge Dong Qiu waited for the same thing, and did not need to ask the zonggong cold and warm.
The three talents are deeply observed, and the nine sutras are carefully tasted.
The source of the living water is wonderful, and the earth mountain is attacked by the Puqian people.
The salary is passed on to me and I am ashamed to settle down, and to prove the hardships of the people.
For the merits of Zhiqi's creation, it is also known as "Hugong Academy". Yu Lutai, a county official, studied in the academy for seven years, and wrote the "Record of Hugong Academy" to record his events in detail, in the "Ningyuan County Chronicle Continuation , Volume VIII".
In the eighteenth year of Jiaqing (1813), Liu Chengyi of Zhixian County raised funds to rebuild the academy at the old site of "Nanfu", and ordered Liu Anlan, a student, Zhou Denggui, Jia Yongqing, and He Fake to supervise the construction of five main halls, six in the east and west. The project has not yet been completed, Liu Cheng of Zhixian County unfortunately died of illness, the supervisors set up their own portals, no one is in charge, and the repair of the academy is abandoned halfway...
In the tenth year of Daoguang (1830), Su Depo, a native of the Jingdong Hall in Yunnan, served as the county of Yuanzhi in Ning. He believes that "the academic benye, the kejia mo also; the shepherd, the nurturing talent benye", the county has few talents, the fundamental reason is that the school has not been developed, the recitation of strings has not been passed. There is no examination shed in the old county, and every time the county examination is conducted by the office, there are more than 500 children, who cannot be numbered, and it is difficult to obtain real talents. Therefore, in the twelfth year of Daoguang (1832), funds were raised for rectification, and the college was processed and rebuilt. Ordering Ma Guodong, Zhou Shifu, and Gao An Xiangjiu to build five new lecture schools and five outer chambers, and to add gates, walls, and walls. It is used as a college all year round, and the examination period is used as an examination booth. After its completion, Su congren changed its name to Xinxing County, because the county was a Xinxing County during the Eastern Han Dynasty, so it was named "Xinxing Academy".
In December of the fourteenth year of Qing Daoguang (1834), Su Depo took the lead in donating 300 strings of money, collecting more than 800 strings of money donated by the eighteen miles of the county, investing more than 1360 strings of money, repairing the rong academy, the income and expenditure of funds, the county went through the detailed case, and the book was on this plaque (now stored in Chengguan Primary School). In the fifteenth year of Daoguang (1835), he completed the ceremony and enrolled more than 50 students and apprentices. In the same year, Su Depo wrote the "Monument to xinxing academy", wrote "The Original Committee of the Academy" and "Detailed Case" and engraved it in the "Ningyuan County Chronicle Continuation".
During the Xianfeng period, Chen Zengwang was appointed to Zhi County and continued to raise funds for the academy. During the Guangxu years, Jia Ruqian served as a zhi county, studied in the academy, studied the books, supervised and persuaded them to read diligently, and taught karma to solve their doubts. Before and after the appointment of liu jingdai, Yang Yingtang, Ma Zongdai, Chen Qingxuan, Jinshi Chen Tingjian, Gongsheng Li Yuanyun, Chen Zhihua, Gangu juren Wang Quan, Tongwei juren Lei Dengxiao and other famous Confucian lecturers who were full of learning and good temptation.
At the end of the nineteenth century (1900), Chen Qing was elected as the head of the "Zhengxing Academy" and cultivated a large number of celebrities such as Guo Weiping, Kang Wenzhi, and Where.
Ming and Qing academies all had an examination system. The college sets "monthly classes" and "quarterly examinations", and the mountain chief, the teachings, and the instructors will evaluate the examination papers of the students as: super class, special class, first class, first class, B class, C class, D, etc.; the examination papers of the children are: the upper volume, the middle volume, and the lower volume, and send them to the county for demonstration and reward and punishment. Students also have to take the annual examination and the subject examination. In the year of the examination, children who want to obtain the qualification of student members must participate in the county examination presided over by the county official. The trial period is mostly in February, and the child students register with the ceremonial room, fill in the name, place of origin, age, and three generations of resumes, and obtain the county's twin settlement. About five examinations, each of which is divided into eight strands of literature, poems, scriptures, and legal endowments. In fact, after the first admission, you are eligible to participate in the next level of government examinations. According to the Qing Dynasty's "Ningyuan County Chronicle Continuation", during the Daoguang (1920-1850) years, whenever the county took the test, more than 500 children took the test in the county.
In the 28th year of Guangxu (1902), the Qing government promulgated the statutes of the academy, and the feudal education system that lasted for more than 2,000 years began to innovate. In the thirty-first year of Guangxu (1905), the Qing government issued a general order to stop the scientific examination, so the academy was reorganized into a school. On September 2 of that year, Min Tongwen of NingyuanZhi County changed the "Xinxing Academy" to "Ningyuan County Higher Primary School", and Li Keming (1875-1952) served as the first director.
The teaching of Wushan's academy has always been closely linked to the examination of the imperial examination, especially Su Depo's fund-raising to rebuild the "Xinxing Academy", which has greatly promoted the cultural education of Wushan County, and was once known as "the rise of humanities, the joint dance of the imperial examination", which was the main place on which the "jinshi" relied on the kodi.
On June 16, 2018, Li Yan College, founded by Mr. Kang Jincheng, was grandly opened. He is the representative of the Wushan calligraphy and painting circles, successively serving as the vice chairman of the Gansu Provincial Federation of Literature and Literature, the president of the Gansu Academy of Painting, the director of the Gansu Art Museum, the vice chairman of the Gansu Provincial Association for the Promotion of Chinese National Culture, the president of the Gansu Tianyuan Art Research Institute, the member of the 10th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the standing committee member of the 10th Gansu Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the member of the Central Committee of the China Association for the Promotion of Democracy, the vice chairman of the Gansu Provincial Committee of the China Association for the Promotion of Democracy, the sixth director of the China Artists Association, the vice chairman of the Gansu Provincial Artists Association, the researcher of the Gansu Provincial Research Museum of Literature and History, and the national first-class artist. He is a representative of the 8th National Congress of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, and a representative of the 6th and 7th National Congresses of the China Artists Association.
Liren Academy, located in the courtyard of Mr. Kang Jincheng in Shiling Village, Luomen Town, Wushan County, Gansu Province, modified such a college in his hometown with the purpose of educating folk customs and cultivating more successor talents for Wushan calligraphy and painting. Since entering this century, Wushan County's cultural and artistic undertakings have achieved unprecedented development, and a large number of calligraphy and painting talents have emerged, but how to lead the local talents to further improve does require some villagers such as Mr. Kang Jincheng to take the lead in order to form a joint force. The establishment of Liren College is catering to the requirements of the times, playing a role in promoting traditional culture, inheriting traditional virtues, and cultivating backward art talents.
On October 7, 2021, Wushan County held the unveiling ceremony of Weichuan Academy, Wang Xinqiang, secretary of the county party committee, attended and spoke, and issued a certificate of appointment as honorary dean of Weichuan College to Chen Bing, professor of the Institute of Religious Studies of Sichuan University, doctoral supervisor and director of the Buddhist Culture Research Center, Professor Chen Bing donated some of his books and calligraphy works to the college, and Zeng Xiancheng, the legal representative and honorary president of the China Humic Acid Industry Association, expressed warm congratulations to the establishment of Weichuan College in Beijing.
On October 18, 2021, Wushan County held the first academician meeting of Weichuan Academy, which was presided over by Hu Lixia, member of the standing committee of the county party committee and director of the Propaganda Department, and Wang Xinqiang, secretary of the county party committee, attended the meeting and spoke. The meeting listened to the report on the preparations of Weichuan Academy, read out the "Reply on the Approval of the Establishment and Registration of Weichuan Academy in Wushan County", deliberated and adopted the "Statutes of Weichuan Academy in Wushan County", "Election Measures for Weichuan Academy in Wushan County", and "Measures for the Management of Weichuan Academy in Wushan County", and elected the first president, executive vice president, director, chairman, supervisor and supervisor of the college.
The establishment of Weichuan Academy has turned a new page of Wushan County Academy and found a very good way for how to use traditional resources to serve today's society. Some experts said that the core of the conflict between China and the United States is not a political conflict, nor an economic conflict, but a cultural conflict. Politically and economically, the United States has been unable to gain an advantage, and the most common way they can suppress China is through cultural attacks. Carrying forward the traditional excellent culture and absorbing the essence of foreign culture is the only way for us to be able to culturally self-confidence.
Through the platform carrier of the college, make full use of the gathering of talents, make the cultivation of cultural talents more professional, highlight the inheritance and innovation, unite the hometown sages and celebrities, internal and external efforts, combined with regional characteristics, to create a "one hospital and ten halls" characteristic cultural brand, so that more people actively participate in the work of the county center, and promote the high-quality economic and social development of the county. This is a far-sighted move by the Wushan County Party Committee, which will surely leave a strong mark in the history of Wushan and will also help Wushan stride towards a new journey of moderate prosperity.
October 20, 2021