In the history of the Qin state, agriculture was the cornerstone of its country's prosperity. The Qin state is located in the Yellow River Basin, where the land is fertile and suitable for agricultural development. The rulers of the Qin state understood the importance of agriculture and implemented a series of agricultural policies to ensure the production and income of farmers.
The concept of "one" of Legalism and the values of the Qin people
1. The premise of social changes and the formation of the concept of "one" in the Warring States period
The Warring States period was a time of war and chaos. Various countries have fought frequent wars for hegemony. Social order collapsed, and people lived in difficulty.
In this context, people began to reflect on the constraints of traditional values and think about how to achieve social unity and stability. It was during this era that the ideas of Legalists were developed and disseminated, laying the foundation for the later concept of "One".
2. The connotation and characteristics of the concept of "one"
(1) The connotation of the concept of "one"
The concept of "one" emphasizes the idea of unifying thought, behavior and power. Legalists believe that only by unifying ideas, behavior, and power can society achieve stability and progress. They advocated greater centralization of the state, a one-person-one-word policy, and laws and institutions as tools for unification.
(2) The operability of the "one" concept
The concept of "one" emphasizes pragmatism and utilitarianism. Legalists believe that achieving unification requires a set of practical policies and methods. They pay attention to practical results, pursue the feasibility of specific operations, and emphasize the implementation and implementation of policies.
3. "One" and the values of the Qin people
The Legalist concept of "one" profoundly influenced the values of the Qin people. The Qin people subscribe to the core concept of the "one" concept, that is, to achieve social stability and national strength through unification.
They value centralized rule and pay attention to the centralization and unity of political power. The Qin people pursued collectivism centered on the interests of the state, placing the life and destiny of the individual under the needs of the state.
The formation of the concept of a strong country in agriculture and war and its logical relationship
1. The choice of the core of the Qin state's change of law: "One" in agriculture and war
At the beginning of the implementation of the law change, the Qin state clearly established the national policy of developing agriculture and war. This choice is closely related to the concept of "one" in Legalist thought. Qin Shi Huang, the ruler of the Qin state, drew on Legalist thought and regarded the unity of thought, behavior and power as the concept of achieving national strength. Under the guidance of this concept, the Qin state determined the importance of the concept of a strong country in agriculture and war.
By establishing the national policy of developing agriculture and warfare, the Qin state focused on the development of agriculture and war. Qin Shi Huang implemented the system of equal fields, which divided land equally according to the size of the family to ensure that farmers had enough land to make ends meet.
In addition, the Qin state encouraged farmers to carry out irrigation and water conservancy projects to increase the yield of farmland. At the same time, the Qin state also actively expanded its territory, gaining resources and power through war.
The State of Qin went all out to focus on the development of agriculture and warfare. Agriculture and war became the national policy of the Qin state, and received nationwide attention and support.
The State of Qin mobilized the strength of the people of the whole country and concentrated resources on agricultural production and military construction. Through this concentration of forces, the Qin state was able to rapidly develop agriculture and build a strong army, laying a solid foundation for the country's prosperity.
2 The logical relationship between agriculture and war: "strength" and "killing power"
Agriculture and war had a close logical relationship in the development of the Qin state. Agriculture provides the material base and logistical support for war, and war provides security and expansion opportunities for agriculture.
Agriculture provided the material basis for war. An adequate supply of food is the key to maintaining the combat effectiveness of the army. Through the development of agriculture, the Qin state ensured a stable supply of national grain and provided sufficient material support for the war. This allowed the army of the Qin State to hold out for a long time in the war and have a greater chance of victory.
The war provided agriculture with security and opportunities for expansion. Victory in the war could give the Qin state more land resources and labor and further develop agricultural production.
In addition, through the expansion of the war, the Qin state could occupy more farmland, so that agricultural production could have more room for development. Therefore, the war provided an external condition and guarantee for the development of agriculture.
3 Population strategy of the Qin state: "one" in agriculture and war guarantee factors
In the process of developing agriculture and war, the Qin state adopted a series of population strategies to ensure the implementation of the concept of a strong country in agriculture and war.
The Qin state implemented the system of average fields, which ensured that farmers had enough land to sustain their livelihoods. This policy guarantees the stability of agricultural production and provides the country with a food base. At the same time, the average field system is also conducive to the recruitment of soldiers and the conduct of war, and ensures the combat effectiveness of the army.
The Qin state paid attention to the concentration and control of the population to ensure the implementation of the concept of peasant and war-strong country. Qin Shi Huang unified the system of weights and measures, writing and other systems, making the country's rule more centralized and efficient. He also pursued a policy of burning books and suppressing the influence of intellectuals to ensure the unity of state ideology and the unified action of the army.
Chongnong and the rise of the Qin state
In the history of the Qin state, the policy of heavy agriculture was seen as an important strategy aimed at increasing agricultural productivity and securing the country's food supply. The Qin state implemented the policy of "reclamation of grass", encouraging peasants to reclaim wasteland and increase the area of cultivated land. This policy not only expands the scale of agricultural production, but also provides farmers with more land to sustain their livelihoods.
The Qin state adopted a policy of anti-commerce, restricting the development and interests of merchants to ensure the dominance of agriculture. The implementation of this policy has effectively encouraged farmers to invest in agricultural production and improved the utilization rate of farmland.
The Qin state also implemented the policy of "dispersing the people" to encourage immigrants to reclaim frontier lands. Through these measures, the Qin state successfully stimulated farming and achieved rapid agricultural development.
The well-field system played a key role in the agricultural development of the Qin state. The well field system is a land distribution system that divides land into well fields on a certain scale and implements a crop rotation system.
This improves the efficiency of land use and allows farmers to have more time for other productive activities. At the same time, the implementation of the "farmland" policy has further strengthened the control of farmland. By bringing farmland under state management, the Qin state was able to better regulate agricultural production and income distribution, and promoted agricultural development.
The rise of the Qin state was closely related to the prosperity of its agriculture. By attaching importance to agriculture and implementing policies to encourage farming, the Qin state guaranteed the country's food supply and provided a material basis for later war expansion.
Under the rule of Qin Shi Huang, the Qin state successfully conquered the other six countries through strong military force and the advocacy of Legalist thought, realizing the first unified and unified empire in Chinese history. The rise of the Qin state not only depended on the development of agriculture, but also on a strong army and a unified mind.
The heavy battle strategy of the Qin state
Qin Shi Huang attached great importance to military merit and the results of war. He used the method of motivating the army, giving great rewards to outstanding generals and soldiers.
This incentive system stimulates the fighting power and morale of the army, making them more proactive in the battle. At the same time, this reward also strengthened the sense of loyalty and belonging among the generals and soldiers, making them more united and contributing to the expansion of the Qin state.
Qin Shi Huang took severe punishment measures against cowardice and cowardice. He believes that cowardly acts in the army will affect the morale and combat effectiveness of the entire army and must be severely punished.
Therefore, he imposed strict military laws that punished acts of cowardice in order to deter and punish soldiers and generals who did not dare to move forward. This penal system played a role in warning and restraint, prompting the army to carry out combat missions more courageously and firmly, and improving the combat effectiveness of the Qin state.
Qin Shi Huang paid attention to the education and training of the army, especially the education of siege warfare. He believes that siege warfare is the most complex and difficult part of warfare, requiring targeted training and strategy.
Therefore, he organized elaborate siege warfare training and cultivated an army that was good at siege tactics. Through continuous training and actual combat exercises, the Qin state's army achieved great advantages in siege warfare, enabling the Qin state to quickly capture enemy cities and expand its territory.
The change in the concept of agriculture and war and the rapid demise of Qin
1. Changes in the concept of governing the country after the unification of Qin
After Qin Shi Huang unified the six countries, he implemented a centralized power system, concentrating power in the center. By pursuing a policy of centralization, he emphasized the "one" concept of unifying thought, behavior and power, and tried to strengthen the unity and centralized management of the country. This change in thinking influenced the Qin state's conception of agriculture and war.
In agriculture, Qin Shi Huang took a series of measures to promote agricultural development. He implemented the system of equal land, which divided land equally according to the number of people to balance the gap between the rich and the poor and ensure the production and income of farmers.
In addition, he encouraged farmers to carry out water conservancy projects to increase the yield of their farmland. These agricultural policies of Qin Shi Huang reflected his emphasis on agriculture and tried to secure the material base of the country through the development of agriculture.
In terms of war, Qin Shi Huang conquered the other six countries through his powerful military force and achieved the unification of China. He saw war as a means of national development and consolidation of power, through conquest to acquire resources and expand territory. This shift in the concept of war led to the Qin state becoming a powerful centralized state.
2 The reason for the rapid demise of "One" and Qin
However, the reason for the rapid demise of the Qin state after the death of Qin Shi Huang is related to the concept of "one". Qin Shi Huang's overly centralized style of rule caused social instability and discontent. He imposed strict rule of law, restricted people's freedoms and rights, and led to growing discontent among the people.
The policy of burning books and punishing Confucianism pursued by Qin Shi Huang seriously dealt a blow to the interests and status of intellectuals. This policy undermines the traditional cultural order and weakens social cohesion. The growing intellectuals revolted and posed a threat to the rule of the Qin state.
Qin Shi Huang's excessive pursuit of war expansion led to an increase in the financial pressure on the country and a heavy burden on the people's lives. His concept of war neglected the construction of internal affairs and the well-being of the people, leaving the country in trouble.
Bibliography:
[1] Legalism's concept of agricultural warfare and population strategy in the Qin state. CHEN Peng. Journal of Ningde Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), 2016
[2] Population statistics of King Xuan's Liomin and Western Zhou. Chang Jincang. Journal of Shaanxi Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), 2010
[3] Shang Junshu, "Governing the Good People with Traitors". LI Yuji. Journal of Chongqing Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), 2006