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"Qingshan is fortunate to bury loyal bones, and white iron innocently casts Yue Chen", this is the perfect portrayal of Yue Fei's life.
On the shore of Hangzhou's West Lake, the tomb of national hero Yue Fei stands silently, and hundreds of years of wind, frost, rain and snow have not diminished patriotic enthusiasm.
In front of his tomb are four kneeling statues, which are Qin Huan, Qin Huan's wife Wang Shi, Zhang Jun, and the judge Wan Lixiao who tried Yue Fei's crime.
When Yue Fei's death is mentioned, the murderer that people think of first must be Qin Huan, but a closer look at history will find that Yue Fei is not an unarmed general, after all, he has 100,000 Yue family troops, which is more than enough to deal with Qin Huan.
But when Yue Fei was imprisoned by Qin Huan, why were the 100,000 Yue Family Troops indifferent? The real reason was that Yue Fei's murderer was someone else.
1. Yue Fei: Turn the rabble into a mighty master
In folklore, the Yue Family Army is a legendary army. They are invincible, invincible, and have never lost a battle.
In 1140 AD, the Yue family army defeated the Jurchen cavalry Heishui Jingqi with its cavalry, which was the most powerful military organization in the world at that time.
There are countless folklore about the Yue Family Army, but what few people know is that there is no team holding the banner of the "Yue Family Army" in real history, and some are only "escort troops after camping", which is equivalent to the current military district.
In 1130, Yue Fei was appointed to independently lead the "Escort Army after the Camp", when the number of people in the camp was less than 10,000, and it was Yue Fei who led them to the Eastern and Western Battles to continuously expand their forces.
Five years later, the strength of the "escort army after the camp" increased significantly, reaching more than 100,000. However, the personnel absorbed are chaotic, the composition is complex, and the management of the barracks is very stressful.
At that time, some of the "escorts after the camp" were peasant troops whose uprising had been suppressed; Some are integrated local armed forces; Some were captured and surrendered troops; And a part of the "eight-character army" allocated by the state ...
Among the army generals, only Zhang Xian and Wang Gui were Yue Fei's old subordinates, and the other generals joined later. For example, Niu Gao was assigned by the imperial court, and Yang Zaixing was defeated and captured.
Therefore, Yue Fei initially led a group of chaotic rabble, but it was precisely because he managed the army well and trained strictly that he could turn the rabble into a mighty division and win the reputation of the common people as the "Yue Family Army".
Yue Fei knew very well that the barracks were mixed, the personnel were uneven, the equipment and quality were different, and the most important thing was that the people's hearts were uneven and their ideas were different. So he strictly ordered to govern the army and strictly enforce military discipline, which led to the "Yue Family Army".
Yue Fei's strictness could be seen from an incident recorded by his grandson Yue Ke. At that time, Yue Fei's son Yue Yun was training in the army, and suddenly the horse was frightened, and Yue Yun was thrown off the horse and planted a big heel.
It stands to reason that this is because the horse is not strong and is an uncontrollable factor, but Yue Fei immediately ordered people to put his son out and beat a hundred military clubs. In his words, Yue Yun's crime was "poor training."
In addition to the strict internal training of the army, Yue Fei also paid special attention to the relationship between the military and the people, which won the hearts of the people and made the people praise the "Yue Family Army".
Before him, the imperial army was no different from bandits in the eyes of the common people. Because whether it is bandits or the army crossing the border, the homes of the people will be looted, and it has become a matter of course for the army to loot the people.
Moreover, in the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, the country's financial and economic constraints were tight, and the army often defaulted on military salaries, cut off cooking and short clothes, and many leaders acquiesced in the soldiers robbing the people to ensure that the soldiers were safe and obedient and did not riot.
However, Yue Fei set two requirements for Yue Jiajun: "Be disciplined and not commit any offense"; "Soldiers do not violate orders, and the people do not tire of soldiers."
At that time, a soldier took a strand of hemp rope from the people's house and used it to tie things, and Yue Fei publicly beheaded him when he learned about it, and warned the whole army: "Whoever takes money from a person will be beheaded."
Once a fire broke out in the people's homes, Yue Fei's Wang Gui led the soldiers to the rescue, and one soldier took advantage of the chaos to steal the people's reed rafts.
When he learned by chance, he immediately beheaded the soldier and beat Wang Gui's 100 military clubs, saying that he was "ineffective in control and not discovered in time."
Yue Fei carried out military orders in an almost harsh way, strictly enforcing military discipline, making this "cauldron"-style motley army a "regular army" famous in ancient and modern times.
In 1133, Yue Fei took the Yue family army south to fight the rebellion, passing through Luling on the way and staying at the homes of the people at that time.
In the early morning of the next day, before dawn, the soldiers got up to clean up the room, clean the court, and wash the dishes for the owner, and did not set out until the room was as clean as before.
Yue Fei's strictness gave Yue Jiajun a kind of cohesion, just like their slogan: "Freeze to death without demolishing houses, starve to death without plundering", which allowed them to win the hearts of the people and become a real "righteous teacher".
Before Yue Fei, the "Escort Army after the Camp" was an outlaw who was happy to kill; But after him, the "Yue Family Army" was a mighty division that was commanded and taught, and did not dare to disobey.
Yue Fei is the soul of Yue Jiajun and the courtier of the Southern Song Dynasty, and in the operation of the emperor, he is a pawn that can be sacrificed at any time.
Second, Zhao Zhi: Borrow the hand of Qin Hui to get rid of the hatred in his heart
Throughout the ages, who caused Yue Fei's death in vain has been a topic of endless debate, but it is not so much that Yue Fei was killed by Qin Hui as that Emperor Zhao Zhi was the biggest murderer.
According to the "History of Song", Yue Fei was a young and promising general. He became an envoy in his thirties and commanded 126 battles in his lifetime, without losing a single one. It is true that Yue Fei is a veritable Changsheng general.
But it was precisely because he was too prominent, and he was a martial minister with countless praises, and his achievements were high, that he was suspected and suspected by Zhao Shu.
Initially, the emperor thought of winning over the relationship with the martial ministers and sending them gold and silver treasures and mansions, and other martial artists would not refuse, but Yue Fei was an exception, he said: "Hu is not destroyed, why should the family be", rejecting all the emperor's belongings.
In Yue Fei's view, he was dedicated to the country and did not care about personal fame and wealth. But in the eyes of Emperor Zhao Shu, Yue Fei did not seek fame or profit, but the picture was the Jiangshan community of the Zhao family.
Therefore, Emperor Zhao Zhi especially liked the ministers who were greedy for money and good colors, especially the military generals who were greedy for money and lustful and confused, and did not wait to see the different Yue Fei.
Later, the Huaixi Incident occurred, and Zhao Zhi asked the civil official Lü Zhi to replace Liu Guangshi, one of the four generals of the military general Zhongxing, who knew that the soldiers did not listen to Lü Zhi and made a fuss about returning Yue Fei.
Of course, this requirement was strictly forbidden by Zhao Zhi, but the soldiers took the opportunity to mutiny, killed the civilian official Lü Zhi, and led more than 50,000 officers and soldiers to surrender to the pseudo-Qi.
This made Zhao Shu realize that the army was not royal, but the general's personal belongings. The most urgent task is to reorganize the army and restore the royal majesty, otherwise it will be difficult to secure its own throne. Therefore, we can no longer fight wars, and we must quickly negotiate peace talks to solve domestic problems.
Therefore, he called all the military generals to Lin'an and promoted them one by one, but relieved them of military power, indicating the intention of reconciliation. But Yue Fei did not understand politics, naturally could not figure out the hidden feelings behind it, and his strong patriotism made him oppose it many times.
At this time, Zhao Shu deposed Zhang Jun, the prime minister of the main war faction, and appointed Qin Hui of the Yihe faction, and the emperor's intentions were already very obvious, and the sensible military generals naturally knew what to do and what not to do.
But Yue Fei obviously did not understand, he not only said in person to ask the emperor to take back his life, but also said that he would not accept the peace talks after the fact, and he would step up the training of soldiers and ask the emperor to take back his life.
After Zhao Shu appointed Qin Huan, he did not get rid of Yue Fei at the first time, because he still had use value, and when he negotiated peace with Jin, Yue Fei and other martial generals went around fighting fire, buying time and confidence for Zhao Shu.
"Since ancient times, loyal emperors suspect, all loyalty and righteousness are not complete corpses." Yue Fei's undisguised proposition of "welcoming back the two saints" made him a thorn in Zhao Shu's eyes and flesh.
In 1126, the Jin army broke the city and captured two emperors of the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhao He of Song Huizong and Zhao Huan of Song Qinzong, who suffered inhuman torture at the hands of the Jin people, a matter known as the "Shame of Jingkang".
Yue Fei was dedicated to serving the country, thinking that if the Northern Expedition was successful, he could bring back the two emperors who had been captured before, and revive the majesty of the Southern Song Dynasty. So when he went on the Northern Expedition, in order to encourage the soldiers, he said: "Pound the yellow dragon and welcome back the two saints."
This word reached Zhao Shu's ears, but it was not a special taste, you must know that those two emperors were not abdicated normally, and Zhao Shu was also an emperor with a special situation. If he really welcomed back the two saints, Zhao Shu's throne would inevitably be handed over.
Therefore, Zhao Shu did not want to welcome back the two saints, and this difference between him and Yue Fei could not be resolved. Yue Fei's enthusiasm for serving the country without knowing the current affairs eventually brought himself the scourge of killing.
When Yue Fei led his army to Zhuxian Town and the Northern Expedition was in full swing, he received twelve consecutive golden medals issued by Zhao Shu in one day. As a courtier, he returned to Lin'an with reluctance.
Later, he was framed by Qin Hui for rebellion, arrested and imprisoned, and secretly executed. This unjust case, which is still sad hundreds of years later, Qin Hui is naturally the murderer, but Zhao Zhi is the main culprit who kills with a knife.
If Zhao Zhi didn't know about this, why did he rehabilitate a number of unjust cases after Qin Hui died, but did not correct Yue Fei's name, and changed Yue Prefecture to Chi Prefecture. His hatred for Yue Fei was obvious.
After clarifying the truth of Yue Fei's death, it was not difficult to find that the 100,000 Yue Family Army could not do anything before the emperor's order, and even it was difficult to protect themselves, so they could only be indifferent.
3. Yue Jiajun: The righteous people have gone, and the good government has died
The appearance of Yue Jiajun was on the one hand necessary for the special anti-gold war, and on the other hand, it was the lofty ideals and lofty ambitions of Commander Yue Fei.
And when Yue Fei was framed and Zhao Zhi was bent on making peace, the righteous people went to good government and died, and Yue Jiajun returned to the camp to protect the army, even if there were those who wanted to resist.
When Zhao Zhi relieved Yue Fei of his military power, he also renamed the army after the camp to the Ezhou Imperial Army, and promoted Yue Fei's prince Wang Gui to be the commander of the capital.
And for such an arrangement, Yue Jiajun could not resist, because they were not Yue Fei's personal army, but the national army of the Song Dynasty, and Yue Fei was only a temporary commander.
Wang Gui had been the second-in-command of Yue Jiajun, and he heard the news of Yue Fei's murder before he was put to the position of commander of the capital, and he knew that Zhao Zhi could not tolerate Yue Jiajun, and he was in a difficult situation, so he resigned and saved himself.
After him, Zhao was transferred to Tian Shizhong to take charge of the Ezhou imperial army. Tian Shizhong is a mediocre and incompetent person who has no way to control the army.
When Tian Shizhong first took office, many of the old people of Yue Jiajun were dissatisfied, and it was recorded that many people asked to resign. "When the army was not satisfied, Fu Xuan, Li Shan, and Guo Qingxian often begged to leave."
Zhao Shu and Qin Hui knew that Yue Jiajun had always revered Yue Fei, and they were also afraid that Yue Jiajun's old ministry would rebel after Yue Fei's death, so they preemptively cut down the grass and remove the roots, killed Yue Fei's son Yue Yun, and wantonly eliminated dissidents.
After Tian Shizhong took office, he even used various conspiratorial means to divide, win over, and squeeze out the generals of the old Yue family army. In 1143, he dismissed a group of generals under the pretext of "old, weak and sick".
In 1147, the general Niu Gao, dissatisfied with Yue Fei's murdered surrender of the imperial court, quarreled with Tian Shizhong, and was poisoned by Tian Shizhong in front of all the generals.
After his intrigue and downsizing, the number of Ezhou imperial troops decreased sharply, from 100,000 people living in Yue Fei to 70,000, and those who left were all people loyal to Yue Fei, and those who remained were even more difficult to become great.
When Yue Fei was there, Yue Jiajun also had corruption, but he strangled corrupt ideas in the cradle with harsh military discipline. But after him, Tian Shizhong himself took the lead in corruption, and the corruption of the Ezhou imperial army was out of control from then on.
The character and quality of a general determine the quality of a soldier. During Tian Shizhong's 20-year tenure, the military strength of the Ezhou imperial army gradually degenerated into an ordinary army, no different from other forbidden armies.
Epilogue:
"Righteous people, good government prosperous. When the right people go, good government dies. "Without Yue Fei, Yue Jiajun lost his soul, and finally disappeared.
Therefore, Yue Fei and Yue Jiajun were like Bole and Maxima. Maxima is common, but Bó Lè is not.
When Yue Fei died, Yue Jiajun became a corrupt Song army.
In the long river of history, Yue Fei is rare, short-lived, and precious. He created the Yue Family Army, and even created the excellent military traditions of the Chinese nation that are worthy of inheritance and development by future generations.
Resources:
History of Song
《Conference Editor》
"Jin Tuo Zhi Compilation"
"Jin Tuo Continued"