In the "Records of the Three Kingdoms", it is recorded that Zhuge Liang was able to govern the country as a Xiangguo. He soothed the hearts of the people by gentle means, demonstrating the rituals of justice and integrity. He regulated the duties of officials with clear constraints and managed the affairs of the country with power tactics. Zhuge Liang interacts with people with a frank attitude and handles affairs in accordance with the principle of fairness.
He rewards those who are loyal to their country and useful to the occasion, whether or not they have a grudge against him. And for those who violate the law and neglect the law, even if they have a close relationship with Zhuge Liang, they will be severely punished. He forgives forgiveness to those who confess their guilt, no matter how heavy the crime. And for those who are unspeakable and ill-willed, even if they have shallow power, they will be killed.
Zhuge Liang is good at discovering and appreciating small advantages, and will also point out bad behavior. He was extremely meticulous in his duties, taking physical matters into account, insisting on seeking truth from facts, and disdaining hypocrisy. His ability to govern was widely respected and loved in the country, and despite his harsh penal administration, he did not arouse the resentment of the people. This is because he calmly persuades people to understand the truth.
Zhuge Liang's governance talent can be described as excellent, comparable to Guan Zhong and Xiao He. However, despite his outstanding statecraft, the Northern Expedition continued unsuccessful. This shows that he is not good at leading troops to fight. Perhaps his resourcefulness is not commensurate with his talent.
In 223 AD, Liu Bei had great ambitions and gathered the strength of the whole country to launch the Battle of Wu against the state of Wu. He was ambitious and wanted to dominate the world, but he did not anticipate the turn of fate. On the battlefield, he faced a fierce counterattack from the enemy, and the strength of the soldiers could not withstand the fierce attack of the Wu army.
Liu Bei's plans began to crumble, and they suffered a crushing defeat in the Yiling region. This defeat filled his heart with endless regret and frustration. With unspeakable pain, he pinned his last hope on his last hope - to be isolated in the White Emperor City.
The White Emperor City is located on the top of a steep mountain, surrounded by clouds and mist, like a city in the sky. Liu Bei entrusted his legacy to the loyal Zhuge Liang, hoping that he could continue to defend the Shu Han and protect the stormy rivers and mountains. On the high walls of the city, Liu Bei gazed at the mountains and rivers in the distance, and his heart was full of endless worry.
Shu Han fell into an unprecedented crisis. The news of the defeat spread across the land, and the enemies of the empire were triumphant, coveting the territory and wealth of the Shu Han. The once-prosperous country is facing the fate of falling apart.
Before Liu Bei lost Jingzhou, Shu Han had a powerful army of about 160,000 men. But after the Battle of Maicheng, the army lost 30,000 men, leaving only 130,000. After the Battle of Yiling, there were few Shu Han troops left, only 30,000 people.
At the same time, the Shu Han lost many middle and high-ranking military and political officials. And Liu Bei's death brought a huge impact to the country that depended on his prestige, and many local forces were ready to move.
First, Huang Yuan colluded with internal and external forces and betrayed first, followed by Gao Ding, Yongmin, Zhu Zhao and others who defected to the enemy. Even ethnic minorities in Nanzhong were sparked apart and joined the ranks of the rebellion. Shu Han fell into a deep valley of internal and external troubles.
It was at this moment of crisis that a young man named Zhuge Liang stepped into center on the political stage. He was dressed in a simple robe, with a feather fan on his head, and a pair of eyes shining with wisdom and wisdom. Despite being only 42 years old, he was already well known for his knowledge and wisdom.
As he said in the "Table of Departures": "When you are defeated, you are ordered to be in danger." "Zhuge Liang took over the heavy responsibility of the country and faced a turbulent situation. Over the next five years, Zhuge Liang devoted himself to reorganizing the army and quelling rebellions in various places. He also reconciled with Eastern Wu and personally led his army to attack Yongmin, Meng Yu and others in depth.
It was not until 227 CE that Zhuge Liang, after completely quelling the rebellion of ethnic minorities, asked Liu Chan, the later lord, to lead three armies to the Northern Expedition against Cao Wei. This request also became the starting point of the famous "Six Out of Qishan" operation in history.
Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of the Shu Han dynasty, was determined to expedition north, expand the territory for the country, and realize the great dream of unifying the world. He embarked on a thrilling adventure that left a mark on the history books.
During the first Northern Expedition, the stars in the sky shone with hope. Zhuge Liang carefully planned for many years and quietly gathered a powerful army. At that time, the Wei state was defenseless, unaware that the Shu Han had quietly taken steps to attack. When the news came, the government and the public were shocked, and the Longyou and Qishan areas were filled with horror. The warriors of the Shu Han rushed like fierce tigers, and the three counties of Tianshui, Nan'an, and Anding betrayed Cao Wei and defected to the Shu Han.
However, fate tricks people, and Zhuge Liang's road to victory is not smooth. In the Battle of Jieting, his vanguard Ma Chen made a fatal mistake that led to the defeat of the Shu army. Zhuge Liang had to order a retreat and returned to the strategic position of Hanzhong. Victory and defeat were commonplace, but Tianshui and the other three counties were lost again, and Zhuge Liang felt a heavy responsibility, and he first executed Ma Chen to correct military discipline, and then wrote to himself to request the third rank.
After the cold winter, the trumpet of the Second Northern Expedition sounded again. Zhuge Liang wore a battle robe and led the warriors to the battlefield. He defeated Cao Xiu at the Battle of Shiting and led the Shu army to besiege Chen Cang. However, the city was strong, and Cao Wei's reinforcements flocked to it. The Shu army attacked hard day and night, and more than twenty days passed, and the city still stood tall. In the end, in order to preserve his strength, Zhuge Liang could only order a retreat and return to the stability of Hanzhong.
However, Zhuge Liang's heart for the Northern Expedition was not extinguished, and he once again plucked up the courage to launch the third Northern Expedition. He led his army to attack Wudu and Yinping, successfully occupied the two counties, and sent troops to garrison.
However, the cycle of fate is always full of change. The Wei army did not give up its attack on Hanzhong, and they launched a surprise attack that threatened the territory where Zhuge Liang was stationed. In order to protect the security of the border, Zhuge Liang had to withdraw his troops again and temporarily put aside the plan for the Northern Expedition.
However, Zhuge Liang was not discouraged. In the ninth year of Jianxing, he was determined to launch the fourth Northern Expedition, trying to capture Qishan. The Shu army rushed to the target like a fierce tiger, imposing and majestic. Sima Yi, a famous general of the Wei state, was well aware of the plight of the Shu army, and he decided to adopt the tactics of attrition and wait for the Shu army to run out of food.
Once again, however, fate intervened in the war. Rumors reached Liu Bei's ears, saying that Zhuge Liang intended to become emperor. Liu Bei panicked for a moment and ordered Zhuge Liang to withdraw his troops, forcing the Northern Expedition to stop. Coupled with the difficulty of supplying the Shu army, Zhuge Liang had to lead the remnants of the army back to the dynasty, and reluctantly ended the Northern Expedition.
From 228 to 231, although the Northern Expedition did not achieve a decisive victory, Zhuge Liang did not lose heart. He devotes this time to rest and prepare, fully prepared for the eventual victory.
Time flies, and in the spring of the twelfth year of Jianxing, Zhuge Liang once again gathered an army of 100,000 and launched the last Northern Expedition. He led this huge group across the mouth of the Xie Valley to Weishuinan to confront the 200,000 Wei army. The two sides have been deadlocked for more than four months, and the fighting has not stopped. However, one night in August, Zhuge Liang fell ill in Wuzhangyuan, and the hero died in the battlefield.
The Shu army lost its commander and was demoralized. As a last resort, they could only return to Hanzhong with heavy grief and regret. The journey of the Northern Expedition came to an end, leaving a tragic legend. In the border Han of the Shu Han, there is a strategic mystery hidden, exploring the starting point of the decline of the Shu Han. Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of the Shu Han dynasty, was ambitious and determined to capture the Central Plains, and he chose the road to detour through Qishan Mountain, which caused many speculations and questions.
The Qishan Road is not the only option, there are four other steep roads leading to the Guanzhong Plain. However, Zhuge Liang was well aware of the dangers of the Qinling Mountains and the roughness of the roads, so he decided to detour through Qi Mountain. Despite the increased distance, the route was flat and suitable for the march of the army, showing Zhuge Liang's confidence in his own decisions and the strength of the Shu army.
However, the detour to Qishan is not just about taking a more convenient road. Behind this lies deeper strategic considerations. Zhuge Liang hoped to cut the connection between Longxi and Guanzhong by detouring through Qishan Mountain. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, ethnic minority forces in Longxi grew stronger, especially the Qiang and Di ethnic groups. Even though Cao Cao had defeated Ma Chao and seized control of Liangzhou, he was still unable to completely conquer the Qiang and Di tribes.
This made the Longxi region a key link in the Shu Han offensive. Zhuge Liang was well aware of this, so he twice chose to detour through Qishan in order to cut off Longxi's connection with Guanzhong and weaken the enemy's influence in Longxi.
The choice and goal of this strategy seems to be the beginning of the decline of the Shu Han. Although Zhuge Liang's strategic goal was to capture the Central Plains, it also affected the fate of the Shu Han army. At the foot of that distant Qi Mountain, the fate of the Shu Han gradually took a turn in Zhuge Liang's strategy, dooming the decline and collapse of a great empire.
At one time, the glory of Shu Han was shining and flourishing. However, the gears of fate began to turn quietly, destined to push the Shu Han to the abyss of decline. Zhuge Liang, the wise prime minister, has the ambition of the world in his eyes. He led the brave Shu Han army in several northern expeditions, intending to capture the Guanzhong Plain and then open up the Central Plains.
During the first Northern Expedition, he was full of confidence and chose the road out of Qishan Mountain. Although the road is long, it is a shortcut to victory. Ma Chen, the young and brave general, took on the heavy responsibility of the vanguard.
However, the trick of fate led him to make a fatal mistake in the Battle of Jieting, which led to the defeat of the Shu army. The soldiers were like birds with broken wings, losing hope of victory and could only retreat to Hanzhong.
This defeat brought a heavy price to Shu Han. The loss of 30,000 troops cut off food and grass, which greatly damaged the vitality of the Shu Han army. As prime minister, Zhuge Liang felt a great responsibility, and he executed Ma Chen to show the strictness of military law, and self-deprecating himself three times to apologize. However, this fiasco was only a prelude to the decline of the Shu Han.
In the following Northern Expedition, the soldiers of Shu Han paid great sacrifices. Zhang Xiu and Li Sheng, they were generals like fire, but they fell heroically in battle. Zhao Yun, the hero known as one of the five tiger generals, also stopped breathing on the battlefield. General Wuhu, once known as the Shu Han prestige, now only the last Huang Zhong is left to guard the frontier alone.
The Shu Han army suffered heavy casualties and suffered heavy losses to its generals. The 100,000-strong army was almost half damaged, which was heartbreaking. Zhuge Liang's great plan suffered an unprecedented setback, and he felt powerless and confused.
When Zhuge Liang died of illness in Wuzhangyuan, the fate of Shu Han was already sealed. It was a moment of end and new beginning, and the dusk of the Shu Han had fallen. No one can fill the vacancy left by Zhuge Liang, he is the wisest wisdom and the most staunch pillar of the Shu Han. Shu Han was like a giant beast that had lost its soul, crumbling.
Countless loyal soldiers faced unprecedented tests. They no longer hear the wise orders of the Prime Minister and no longer feel the endless confidence and strength. The soldiers were disheartened and no longer had hope for victory, and they could only suffer in silence the pain of losing their comrades.
The generals in the Shu Han army, the heroes who once returned in triumph and were majestic, have now become torn robes. They gave their best in countless battles and defended the glory of the Shu Han with their blood and lives. However, fate did not show mercy to them, and they died in battle or died young because of the war.
The generals of the entire Shu Han army suffered heavy losses. The records record the deaths of eleven high-ranking generals and dozens of middle-ranking generals during the Northern Expedition, and their sacrifices lit up the dim starry sky of the Shu Han.
The Shu Han lost its strategic advantage, lost its most outstanding generals, and lost its motivation to advance. Since Zhuge Liang's death, no one has been able to reverse the fate of the decline of the Shu Han. Like a rudderless ship, they drift adrift through reefs and wind and waves, drifting away.
However, the glory of the Shu Han was not completely annihilated. Under Huang Zhong's insistence, the Shuhan frontier still stood tall. He is the last hope, the last glory. In the lonely years, he guarded the dignity of the Shu Han and proved the meaning of the existence of the Shu Han with his existence.
The decline of the Shu Han was not a one-day effort, but the result of many years of accumulation. The cruelty and ruthlessness of war destroyed the cornerstone of a great empire. The dusk of the Shu Han symbolizes the end of an era and also heralds the dawn of a new era.
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