Wang Mang has been hailed by many historians as "the first social reformer in Chinese history." Consider him a visionary and selfless social reformer. Hu Shi considered him the socialist emperor before 1900.
At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, due to the unprecedented intensification of social contradictions, the contradictions between various forces were difficult to reconcile, and at this time, Wang Mang, a foreign qi, was known as a virtuous person and respected his status, Wang Mang followed the trend and effortlessly succeeded in usurping power and becoming emperor, and then carried out reforms in order to ease social contradictions, known in history as "Wang Mang's reform".
So why is Wang Mang called that by Hu Shi? Combined with his New Deal measures, it seems too advanced, so many people now suspect that he is a modern person who "travels" through the past.
1. Nationalization of land. Because the aristocracy controlled too much land, resulting in insufficient tax revenue, Wang Mang implemented the nationalization of land in order to solve the land problem once and for all (currently only socialist countries are such a national policy)
2. Business loans. During Wang Mang's reform, currency production was completely state-controlled, and some merchants were supported to lend, just like bank loans today.
3. State-controlled enterprises. Wang Mang's new policy implemented all state-owned mineral resources in the country, and related industries were managed by housekeepers, such as salt, iron and copper.
4, attach importance to science, Han Dynasty Dong Zhongshu just deposed hundreds of schools, exclusive respect for Confucianism, at this time Mojia and other scholars such as rats crossing the street, but Wang Mang did the opposite, invented calipers, extremely advanced.
5, invention of down jacket. Legend has it that the clothes Wang Mang wore in winter contained animal feathers, and netizens joked that "he may want to make a winter down jacket".
Summary: Wang Mang's reform seems scientific today, but combined with the social environment at that time, it was too advanced, and the slave system was not completely solved, and he wanted to enter the "republic" through the feudal system, like a fantasy, so in Wang Mang's later years, social turmoil, smoke everywhere, and the end of a new dynasty, can be called the shortest-lived dynasty in history.
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