Abstract: The establishment of children's eye growth and development files is not very popular, why should refractive files be established?
Do parents establish growth and development files from the birth of their children? After the birth of the child, he will go to the community hospital almost every month to measure the child's height and weight.
Compared with such a regular growth and development file establishment, the establishment of children's eye growth and development file is not so popular, today I want to talk to you about eye growth and development file, which is what we often call refractive file.
Why build a refractive profile?
Why is the incidence of myopia so high now, and many children check 100-200 degrees? Know that myopia does not happen "suddenly".
The reason why many parents are "after-aware" of their children's myopia is because most parents do not have the awareness to take their children to the hospital for eye examinations regularly, so that they cannot detect their children's vision problems in time and correct them in time.
Regular examination and establishment of refractive files are the first step to detect myopia in time.
According to the "Implementation Plan for Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Myopia in Children and Adolescents" issued by the Ministry of Education and other eight departments, it is necessary to establish vision files, and it is necessary for families, schools and ophthalmic medical institutions to cooperate in the implementation of myopia prevention and control work.
What is a refractive profile
Simply put, it is to do a comprehensive physical examination of the eyes to understand the refractive state of the eyes, such as "measuring height" and measuring vision for the eyes. The records include parameters such as eye axis length, naked eye vision, corrected visual acuity, refraction, corneal curvature, and intraocular pressure.
1. Do eyes have height?
We measure the length of the eyes - the eye axis is the "height" of the eyes, and by comparing the length of the two eye axes before and after, we can determine whether the child's eye development is too fast, and in myopic children, the effectiveness of prevention and control measures can also be observed through eye axis changes.
Theoretical values that can be referenced:
The average monthly growth of 3-5 years old does not exceed 0.03mm
The average monthly growth of 5-8 years old does not exceed 0.02mm
The average monthly growth rate of 8 years old does not exceed 0.01-0.015mm, which is a relatively safe growth rate
2. Eye measurement
1) One is naked-eye vision: that is, the measured visual acuity is not corrected without glasses, which is called naked-eye vision.
Refer to the "Expert Consensus on the Prevention and Treatment of Amblyopia in Chinese Children":
The lower limit of normal visual acuity for children aged 3~5 years is 0.6;
The lower limit of normal visual acuity for children 6 years and older is 0.8;
or two or more lines or more of vision in both eyes are considered low vision and require further detailed refraction testing.
2) The other is corrected visual acuity: that is, the visual acuity measured after correction through lenses, which is called corrected vision.
If the vision of one or both eyes is still lower than the corresponding age after correction through the lens, it is necessary to be alert to the occurrence of amblyopia.
3. Mydriatic refraction
That is, to measure how many degrees the child's eyes are now, whether there is nearsightedness, farsightedness and astigmatism. It plays a decisive role in further refractive correction.
The younger the child, the stronger the regulation. In the process of refraction, if overadjustment is easy to detect false myopia, the dotted mydriatic potion can prevent excessive adjustment of the eyes (mydriasis is not the goal, relaxation adjustment is the real purpose), so as to obtain the child's real diopter.
4. Intraocular pressure measurement
Studies have found that adolescents with higher intraocular pressure are more likely to progress myopia, and high myopia is a risk factor for glaucoma. Normal intraocular pressure ranges from 10 to 21 mmHg.
How to build a refractive file
1. Time:
Over 3 years old, you can set up a file, do not wait until parents or kindergarten teachers find that the child sees abnormalities, such as reading and writing very closely, or squinting to see things, then the child's vision may have problems.
2. Location:
Hospital ophthalmology clinics or professional optometry centers for testing, most optical stores do not have professional testing capabilities and equipment (can not dilate the pupil under the guidance of a doctor), so long-term follow-up in such institutions is not recommended.
3. Review frequency
1) Preschool children: once every six months, if there are congenital problems, rapid vision loss, strabismus, amblyopia and other problems, you can do an examination once in 1-3 months.
2) Primary school: a comprehensive examination every 6 months; If the vision decreases rapidly, it can be examined once every 3 months and treated and corrected.
3) Junior high school and high school stage: refractive examination every six months, if the vision is rapidly decreasing, it can be checked once every 3 months and treated and corrected.