Emperor Gaozong of Song: In 1127, Jin soldiers captured Kaifeng, capturing Emperor Huizong, Emperor Qinzong, and all members of the imperial family in Beijing, known in history as the "Shame of Jingkang". At that time, King Kang Zhao Shu (the ninth son of Emperor Huizong) was stranded abroad, escaped a catastrophe, and became the only remaining prince of the concubine lineage. Subsequently, Zhao led his troops to retreat to Yingtianfu (Yingtianfu, in modern Shangqiu, Henan), and was proclaimed emperor by the Qun, establishing the Southern Song Dynasty. After many rounds, the capital was finally settled in Lin'an (present-day Hangzhou, Zhejiang). During the reign of Emperor Gaozong, the lord and faction prevailed, and the prime minister Qin Hui came to power, and the Song became a vassal to the Jin state, which also opened the 150-year history of the Southern Song Dynasty. Yue Fei, the main war faction, was also framed by Qin Hui on trumped-up charges, and the story of Yue Jiajun's loyal service to the country was also remembered and passed down by the world.
Manjiang Red
Emperor Xiaozong of Song Zhao Yang (shen): In 1163, after 35 years of reign by Emperor Gaozong of Song, tired of imperial government, Zen gave way to abdicate the throne. However, Zhao Shu had no heirs, it is said that Zhao Shu was on the way to the south, and he was having a happy time with his concubine one day, and the golden soldiers suddenly arrived, and Zhao Shu was overly frightened, and since then he has no heroic style and no longer has fertility. Zhao Zhi accepted Zhao Yang, a member of the clan family, as his adopted son and ceded the throne to him. Zhao Yang's accession to the throne also marked that the royal bloodline of the Song Dynasty returned from the line of Emperor Taizong of Song to the line of Emperor Taizong of Song Zhao Kuangyin, which is in addition to Zhao Shu's inability to give birth, but also because the royal family of Zhao Kuangyi's line were escorted north with Emperor Huizong in the change of Jingkang, which is really the fate of history. Emperor Xiaozong of Song was one of the more accomplished monarchs in the history of the Southern Song Dynasty, and after succeeding to the throne, he was determined to restore the Central Plains, rehabilitate Yue Fei, and launched a war against Jin, but his national strength was weak and he returned without success, and was forced to sign the "Longxing Peace Conference" with the Jin state.
Longxing Peace Talks
Song Guangzong Zhao Wei: In 1190 AD, after experiencing the ups and downs, Zhao Yang found that his dream of regaining the Central Plains was so unattainable, and seemed to understand the mood of his father Zhao Zhi when he abdicated the throne, and simply followed the example of the previous emperor, and Zen let him abdicate to become the emperor. The crown prince Zhao Wei took the throne, Zhao Wei was a lord who was afraid of his wife, and the empress Li Fengniang was a fierce woman, constantly provoking the relationship between the emperor and the emperor, so that when Zhao Yang was seriously ill, Zhao Wei did not visit, and after Zhao Yang died, he did not go to mourning. In the Song Dynasty, which advocated loyalty and filial piety, it aroused the anger of the ministers, and was later forced to abdicate under the planning of the minister of the clan Zhao Ruyu and the foreign qi Han Kan (tuo).
Queen Li Fengniang
Emperor Ningzong of Song: In 1194, Emperor Taishang Zhao died of illness, and Emperor Guangzong of Song was forced to abdicate, and the throne was ceded to his son Zhao Kuan. After Zhao Kuan took the throne, he took Zhao Ruyu as his face, which caused Han Kanxuan's dissatisfaction, and Han Kanxuan overthrew Zhao Ruyu on the grounds that the Song dynasty could not govern. In order to consolidate his power, Han Kanxuan launched the Northern Expedition, which was defeated, and Shi Miyuan, an attendant of the Ministry of Ceremonies, staged a coup d'état, killed Han Kangxuan, and began his nearly thirty-year career as a chancellor. In the era of Song Ningzong, there was another person who had to be mentioned, that is, Confucian scholar Zhu Xi, who put forward the theoretical proposition of "saving heaven and destroying human desire" during this period, but it did not become the mainstream doctrine at that time.
Zhao Ruyu and Han Kangxuan
Emperor Lizong of Song Zhao Yun: In 1224 AD, Zhao Yun ascended the throne, starting his 40-year career as an emperor, making him the longest reigning emperor in the history of the Southern Song Dynasty. Zhao Yun's succession is thanks to Prime Minister Shi Miyuan. Zhao Kuan had no sons, and originally intended to pass the throne to the clan Zhao Guihe, but when Zhao Guihe was crown prince, he was fierce and declared everywhere that he would abolish Prime Minister Shi Miyuan after becoming emperor, and Shi Miyuan was uneasy, so he united with Empress Yang and made Zhao Yun emperor. Regarding Zhao Yun's royal bloodline, descendants also have many doubts, because he was obtained by Shi Miyuan from the people. In the early years of Zhao Yun's reign, Shi Miyuan was in power; In the medium term, I wanted to make great efforts, but achieved little results; In the later period, he was obsessed with beauty, neglected imperial politics, and spent his forty years as an emperor. However, during this period, Cheng Zhu Lixue was revered and became an official school.
Physicist Zhu Xi
Emperor Duzong of Song (Zhao Yu): In 1264, Zhao Yun died, and he had no children, so he had to choose his nephew Zhao Yu as his heir. Zhao Yu was born to a concubine, and was drugged to try to have an abortion when she was in the womb, but she did not die, and since then she has also suffered from mental retardation. After Zhao Yu took the throne, the imperial government has been controlled by Prime Minister Jia Xidao, who likes to fight crickets, so he is also known as the prime minister of crickets. At this time, the political corruption of the Southern Song Dynasty was dark, the people were hungry, the Mongol iron horse in the north had risen, and the Song Dynasty had shown the image of dying the country.
Cricket Prime Minister Jia Xiandao
Emperor Gongzong of Song Zhao Xian: In 1274 AD, Zhao Yu finally died due to excessive wine, and Zhao Yu had three sons: Zhao Xian, Zhao Xian, and Zhao Xiang, this brother was really a difficult brother and brother, and he was killed successively as emperor and successively. The first to inherit the throne was the second son Zhao Xian, who was only four years old when he ascended the throne, and was obeyed by his grandmother Empress Dowager Xie and ruled by Jia Xiandao. At this time, the Mongol army had already destroyed Jin and moved south, crossing the Yangtze River and approaching Lin'an. Jia Xidao was forced to go out to meet the battle, but was defeated at Wuhu, losing the last combat effectiveness of the Song army. In 1276, the Yuan army attacked Lin'an, and Empress Dowager Xie surrendered with Zhao Xian, and the Song Dynasty has existed in name only.
Zhao Xian surrendered
Song Duanzong Zhao Yu (xia); In 1276, after the Yuan army invaded Lin'an, Zhao and his brother Zhao were escorted all the way to Fujian. Zhao ascended the throne in Fuzhou, continuing the rule of the Southern Dynasty at the age of seven. At this time, the "Three Masters of the Late Song Dynasty" Zhang Shijie, Lu Xiufu, and Wen Tianxiang insisted on resisting the Yuan. Fuzhou was soon captured by the Yuan army, and the small court of the Southern Song Dynasty began to hide in Tibet again. In 1278, Zhao died of a serious illness while fleeing.
Song Mo Sanjie
Last Emperor Zhao Xi (Bing): In 1278, after Zhao Xi died of illness, Zhao Xiang was supported by the group of ministers as emperor, continued his career of wandering at sea, and later used Yashan on the southern coast of Guangdong as a stronghold to resist the Yuan. In 1279, the Yuan army attacked Yashan, the Southern Song army was completely destroyed in the Battle of Yashan, Lu Xiufu committed suicide by jumping into the sea with the last emperor Zhao Xiang, Zhang Shijie led his army to break through the siege, and drowned due to the destruction of the ship by a hurricane. Not long before, Wen Tianxiang was also outnumbered by the Yuan army while fighting in eastern Guangdong. Wen Tianxiang was escorted to the capital of the Yuan Dynasty after the complete demise of the Southern Song Dynasty, and remained unswerving under Kublai Khan's personal persuasion, and regarded death as if it were home. After three years in prison, he bravely became righteous, as his ancient famous poem "Crossing Zero Ding Yang" wrote: "Who has not died since ancient times? Leave the pill to take care of the sweat. ”
Battle of Yashan