Yesterday, Lao Qin mentioned in the article "Peng Huang: The Third Party Member in Hunan, Chairman Mao Praised Him for His "Lofty Ambition and Courage," but Later He Mysteriously Disappeared" that in June 1918, Chairman Mao graduated from the Hunan First Division, and two months later, he went to Beijing to organize the Hunan Work-study Movement in France, served as an assistant library clerk at Peking University, got help from Li Dazhao and others, and was influenced by the ideas of the October Revolution in Russia.
However, in the spring of 1919, he left Beijing and went south.
The reason was that he received a family letter from his younger brother Zemin, and learned that his mother was seriously ill and did not dare to stay in the north anymore and set off for the south.
His plan was to go to the Yangshupu Steamship Dock in Shanghai to bid farewell to Xiao Zisheng, who had gone to France earlier, and then return to Changsha.
But when he arrived in Pukou from Beijing, he had nothing left, and even the only pair of shoes he had was stolen by the thief.
In 1936, when Chairman Mao was interviewed by the American journalist Snow in Yan'an, he talked about the embarrassing state of that year and said with emotion: "It is the 'road of heaven and no one's life', and I have encountered good luck again." ”
The good luck he spoke of was that he met Li Zhong, a classmate of the Hunan First Division, who had traveled from Hunan to Pukou, outside the railway station.
Li Zhong lent him money and enabled him to resolve his predicament.
I have to say that Chairman Mao has received help from many people in the course of his life.
After returning to Changsha on April 6, he settled down with Zhou Shizhao, a classmate of the Hunan First Division.
Zhou Shizhao was teaching at Xiuye Primary School and helped Chairman Mao find an opportunity to teach history at Xiuye Primary School.
After Chairman Mao settled down, he wrote a letter asking his eldest brother Zemin and younger sister Zejian to escort his mother to Changsha for treatment.
When her mother arrived in Changsha, Chairman Mao placed her in Cai Hesen's house and actively asked for medicine for her.
On May 4 of that year, the May Fourth Movement broke out, and Chairman Mao led the members of the Xinmin Society to go to local schools to mobilize young students to strike, march, petition and carry out various patriotic propaganda activities.
In the middle of June, Chairman Mao's mother saw that her condition had not improved, and she was infinitely concerned about her family, and proposed to return to Shaoshan.
Lao Qin added that Chairman Mao's younger brother Ze Qin was born in 1905, only 14 years old, and he was accepted by Chairman Mao the previous year to study at the Hunan First Division Attached Primary School.
Because her mother was clamoring to return to Shaoshan, Chairman Mao could not help her, so he had to call his younger brother Zeqin, plus he and his eldest brother Zemin, helped the old lady to the photo studio to take a photo, and then sent her and Zemin to the car together.
This was the first and last time the old lady had taken a picture in her life.
After the old lady returned to Shaoshan, Chairman Mao continued to be busy with state affairs.
He presided over the establishment of the Hunan Student Federation, founded the Xiangjiang Review, which will forever be recorded in history, and launched a vigorous campaign to expel the Hunan warlord Zhang Jingyao.
On October 4 of that year, a cousin of Shaoshan's family stumbled to Chairman Mao and told Chairman Mao: "Your aunt is dying, and you will rush back with your younger brother Zeqin to try to see him one last time." ”
Chairman Mao was stunned and confused.
He left all his work behind, took his younger brother Ze qin, and his cousin who came to deliver the letter all the way to Shaoshan.
It was already night, I couldn't wait for the car, so I had to rush home on two legs.
Chairman Mao walked for a day and a night in despair, and finally arrived home.
But Chairman Mao's mother died shortly after her cousin left to deliver the letter to Chairman Mao.
Chairman Mao was devastated, and he fell on his mother's coffin, tears welling up, and he could not cry.
That night, despite the days of running and tiring, he stood by his mother's coffin all night, and in the dim candlelight, he wrote two pairs of couplets and wrote a tear-jerking four-word ancient text "Sacrifice to the Mother".
The link posted at the gate is: the spring breeze on the south bank of the river stays far away; the autumn rain Shaoshan spills a lot of tears.
I really asked every day without words, but there were thousands of tears.
The link hanging in front of the mother's spirit is: illness and revolution, infinite care, all the grievances must be made up; the eternal life and new learning of Buddhism, can not live in the world, a piece of compassion where to find.
Loving mothers and children, love as deep as the sea, a hurry to part, is the eternal separation of heaven and man, the most painful and hateful thing in the world is nothing more than this.
Chairman Mao therefore wrote with great sorrow in the "Tribute to the Mother": "Now there are only two ends to what you want to say. One virtue, one hate..."
Before Chairman Mao's mother died, she had been chanting Chairman Mao's nickname ,"Shi Sanlingzi," and asked the Zemin around her to tell her that she wanted him to take good care of her two younger brothers and a younger sister.
Later, everyone knows what happened: Chairman Mao's eldest brother Mao Zemin, younger brother Mao Zeqin, younger sister Mao Zejian, as well as Chairman Mao's wife Yang Kaihui, son Mao Anying, and Mao Zeqin's son Mao Chuxiong successively sacrificed their lives for the country.
Speaking of which, Chairman Mao's mother was also a heroic martyr — her ancestor was Wen Tianxiang, a loyal minister of the Qianqiu Dynasty.
According to the genealogy of the Hunan Wen Clan Clan Association, Chairman Mao's grandfather Wen Zhiyi was the nineteenth grandson of Wen Tianxiang.
Lao Qin had previously written the article "Chairman Mao wanted to go back to his grandmother's house after the founding of the People's Republic of China, but was vetoed by his cousin, asked why, and fell silent", in which he said that Wen Zhiyi had three brothers, the eldest brother was called Wen Zhilan, and the younger brother was called Wen Zhixiang, and all three of them had many children. Wen Zhiyi had three men and three women, the third of whom was Chairman Mao's mother, ranking seventh among the sisters of the same generation, and everyone called her "Wen Seventh Sister".
That is to say, although everyone calls her "Wen Qimei", "Wen Qimei" is not her real name.
For a long time, people didn't know what her real name was.
After the founding of New China, the staff of the Materials Research Office of the Shaoshan Exhibition Hall made special efforts to investigate the real name of Chairman Mao's mother.
The first thing they looked up was the inscription on the tombstone.
But the inscription on it is only "Maomu Wenshi".
They then consulted the Mao Family Tree.
The third edition of the Mao Clan Genealogy in 1911 and the fourth edition of the Mao Clan Genealogy in 1941 mentioned Chairman Mao's mother were both written with the word "Wen".
There was no way, I had to check the "Wen Clan Genealogy".
The record of the "Wen Clan Genealogy" is simpler, and it is only written under the "Wen Zhiyi" article: "The eldest daughter is suitable for zhong, the second daughter is suitable for the king, and the third daughter is suitable for mao." ”
That is to say, there is not the slightest trace of Chairman Mao's mother's name in these originally reliable written materials.
However, in the American journalist Snow's "Journey to the West", Chairman Mao said in an interview that he mentioned his parents, saying: "My father's name is Mao Shunsheng, and my mother's name in her mother's house is Wen Qimei. ”
Is "Wen Qimei" the real name of Chairman Mao's mother?
Chairman Mao's cousins Wen Jianquan, Wen Dongxian, and others flatly denied that their aunt had used the name "Wen Qimei."
In the end, everyone concluded that the name "Wen Qimei" was actually a oolong made by Huang Hua, an interpreter close to Snow, who heard Chairman Mao's "Wen Qimei" as "Wen Qimei".
So, what is the real name of Chairman Mao's mother?
In 2005, Chairman Mao's nephews Cao Hong and Cao Yunshan, in order to write the book "Tracing Mao Zemin", went to the Russian Archives to check some records of Mao Zemin's life in the Soviet Union, and found unexpected discoveries.
That is to say, on the "Curriculum Vitae" filled in on behalf of Chairman Mao, Mao Zemin impressively filled in the three words "Wen Suqin" in the column of his mother.
Obviously, "Wen Suqin" should be the name of Chairman Mao's mother.
But a new problem arises: Chairman Mao's mother, who has never been to school in her life and does not know characters, when she tells her son Mao Zemin her name, she estimates that the pronunciation of the name is "Wen Suqin", but which "Su" is it? And which "diligent" is it?
That's not clear.