Look, smell, ask, cut (essence) treasure edition of Chinese medicine
People with liver opening to the eyes, bad liver and gallbladder, dry eyes, astringent, dull, many people even "blink" the eyes. Its hua in the claws (nails), that is, manifested in the nails, good liver and gallbladder, good immune system, usually the nails will be relatively smooth, shiny, hard, otherwise it is nail fungus, easy to break, or there is a fungal infection. There is also the liver is the main tendon (muscle key), the green tendon on the back of the hand is exposed, representing the liver and gallbladder is not good, emotionally it is easy to be angry. Some people come when they say that they don't say two sentences and pat the table and stare, usually because the liver fire is too strong, and people with bad livers love to eat sour, their faces are blue, and they are dull and dull.
Heart (small intestine): The tongue is the seedling of the heart. The tongue is the performance of the heart, how to see through the tongue, the heart is good or not? If the tongue is relatively light and white, it means that the blood supply is insufficient and the blood supply is not good. If the heart is stasis, the tongue is dark purple. Someone's tongue ulceration is a sign of a fiery heart. Qihua is in the face, and the face of a person with a normal heart is white and red. Some people's faces are miserable, pale and dull because of insufficient blood supply to the heart. The face is dark purple, and it is a place where the heart is too hot and there is a bruise. Emotionally happy, often smiling, no one also laughs, which is a manifestation of the heart is not very good. The taste is bitter, bitter melon, almond, grapefruit juice and so on. The face is red (purple-red), especially some people who are obese with red light, usually have cardiovascular obstacles.
Spleen (stomach): opened in the mouth, lips, its flowers in the muscles. The lips of people with good spleen and stomach are light red and shiny, and the bad ones are light, white, and yellow, which allows us to judge whether the spleen and stomach are good or not. People with a bad stomach are prone to breath, especially those with gastritis or ulcers. The spleen is responsible for the limbs, the spleen and stomach are good, and the muscles are light and strong. Otherwise, the muscles are loose and weak. Emotionally it's avis. Always frowning, as if more worried than the prime minister, can not think of a small thing, this is caused by a bad spleen and stomach. In addition, the taste is sweet (higher than the average person eats sweetness), the face is yellow. It is a sickly sallow yellow, opaque, dull yellow.
The lungs are open to the nose. The nose is used to breathe, inhale fresh air, and exhaust fumes. People with a bad nose will affect the normal circulation in the body, which will cause lung diseases, and diseases of the respiratory system will also induce inflammation in the nasal cavity. Qihua in the fur, the lungs are to supply nutrition to the fur, the lungs are not good, the fur is withered, not smooth, rough, the growth direction of sweat hair is messy, and the pores on the face are coarse. Emotions are sad. Nothing to worry about, love to cry. Lin Daiyu in "Dream of the Red Chamber" is also an example, everyone knows that she has a serious tuberculosis, and her tears flow from spring to autumn, and from autumn to winter... The taste loves to eat spicy (spicy) things, the face is white, the face is bloodless, like a white paper.
According to Chinese medicine, the kidney is the main bone, which is opened in the ear and its Hua is in the hair. People with bad kidneys are prone to tinnitus, and their hearing will gradually be affected. The elderly often have symptoms of deafness (deafness), which is the embodiment of kidney function deficiency and decline; the kidneys provide nutrition to the bone, and some people can't check anything when they go to the hospital, but they are uncomfortable, which is caused by kidney deficiency. People with bad kidneys have a bad taste of salty, heavy mouth, easy to fear, fearful, fussy, and poor psychological endurance. The face is black (iron black), which is mostly the face of patients in the kidney dialysis center of the hospital.
Yellowing of the face: indicating weak function of the spleen and stomach, digestive system; whitish face: indicating weak function of the lungs, respiratory system; face
Redness: indicating weak cardiovascular and cerebrovascular system function; blue face: indicating hepatobiliary, weak immune system function; facial hair
Black: Indicates weak function of the kidney and bladder systems. Then, look at the kidney area, because the kidney is the innate root, the cheekbones back to the back of the ear to the periphery of the chin is the kidney area, which is the largest area. "National kidney supplementation" is already a problem that cannot be ignored, due to environmental pollution, the burden of the kidney is indeed too heavy, if there is a mole or nevus in this part to prove that the person's kidney function is congenitally insufficient, it is easy to cause waist, legs and back pain. There are deep, large spots in this area, most likely kidney stones. The kidney area is blackened, or there are red blood, pimples, or spots, or deep crow's feet at the corners of the eyes, and vertical folds next to the ears, which are all manifestations of kidney deficiency. If there are nevus or nevus in the kidney area and the vertical striations in the brain area are very deep, the taste of eating is heavy, and the person loves to eat salty, it proves that the person is prone to hypertension or indicates that he is prone to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in the future. Kidney main bone, look at the kidney focus to see the sore area, the two sides of the mouth represent the shoulder elbow, downward represent the upper and lower limbs, the chin position represents the sore area is the cervical, thoracic, lumbar and tail vertebrae, a little force when closing the mouth, a small pit in the chin or a person with "knots", you ask him if he often has back pain? You can't go wrong. In particular, women will have soreness and fatigue before and after menstruation.
Looking at the male and female reproductive systems, the reflex area is in the human body and around the lips. If the upper lip of a man over 40 years of age is thicker, or the upper lip has acne, and the upper lip is good and born, the chin is particularly round and protruding, indicating that I and the family are prone to prostatic hyperplasia or hypertrophy If the female mouth is constantly festering, this side is good, that side is rotten, it may be oophoritis or adnexitis. The lips are pale, mostly anemic, and the menstrual volume is too small. A vertical groove appears outside the upper lip of a woman, indicating that the uterus atrophy is formed early due to the closure of the process. If a woman is found to have moles on her lips, or spots, and the lip line is not clear, it must be recommended to go for a gynecological examination.
The reflex area of the bladder is at the base of the nose on both sides of the subnasal person. This area is red, there are red blood, pimples, sores, etc., proving that there is cystitis, there will be yellow urine, frequent urination and urgency, cystitis can also cause waist pain. Women develop cystitis, sometimes due to gynecological problems. The root of the nose is red, but the urine is not frequent, urgent, and the entire bridge of the nose is red, which may be rhinitis. Kidney open in the ear, if there are deep vertical folds around the ear, indicating hearing loss, if there is a mole, it means that it is easy to itch the ear, tinnitus, ear problems must be recommended to take: "Guyuan ( kidney supplement). If the earlobes are particularly ruddy, transparent, the nose is potholed and the kidney area has red blood and redness of the nose wings, the large eyelids are puffy, the mouth is bursting, and there is a red line in the middle of the tongue, it may be diabetes, or the family is prone to diabetes, after reading the kidney area, look at the spleen and stomach area, because the stomach is the mother of the day after tomorrow. The tip of the nose represents the spleen and the wings of the nose represent the stomach. Red nose (rosacea) is actually a bad spleen and stomach. Spleen is not good, the stomach is definitely not good, "ten people nine stomach", if the nose is red or rosacea or the nose is swollen or the pores are enlarged, it may be spleen fever or spleen, generally feel heavy head, cheek pain, upset and so on. If the nose hair is yellow or white, it is a spleen deficiency, there will be sweating, wind intolerance, limbs laziness, fatigue, no appetite and so on. As you can see, many people have rough skin and dark hair on both noses, which means that in the past, especially in youth, the stomach was not well maintained. If the nose is red, it is a stomach fire, easy to hunger, bad breath. There is red blood and is more severe, usually gastritis. If the nose is gray and blue, it is a cold stomach, and when shaking hands with him, you can feel the tip of the person's fingers cold, and the person suffers from wind chills and stomach pain, thinning and so on. The nasal wing bruise, generally before the stomach pain, the formation of the root of the disease, may be atrophic gastritis, and atrophic gastritis caused by stomach cancer is more likely. A bad stomach can also be reflected in the sore back, lazy limbs, and burnout. If one of the parents has a bad stomach, the child is easy to be hyperactive before the age of ten, learns to be inattentive, and loves to eat sweets. If you now find that the face is yellow, the lips are whitish, the hair is dry, peeling, the nose is red, then look at the hepatobiliary area, the two sides of the posterior section of the eyebrow (temple) triangle area and the middle of the bridge of the nose are representative: liver, (you can observe many elderly people, due to liver function decline or lesions, elderly spots grow in this area). The position on both sides of the bridge of the nose is bile, and the liver and gallbladder are photographed, and if the liver is not good, the gallbladder will also be implicated. People with poor bile will have spots or sarcomas on both sides of the bridge of the nose, indicating that there is a problem with the liver and gallbladder. If there is red blood filaments, pimples, or bitterness in the mouth after waking up in the morning, it indicates mild inflammation of the gallbladder; if there are spots, there may be cholecystitis. If there are vertical folds in this area, or vertical folds when laughing, it means that there is a problem with the person's gallbladder. If there are moles or nevus in this area, it proves that the biliary function is congenitally insufficient. The obscurity of the eye bags also proves that the guts are not good. If the two parts of the liver and gallbladder are blue and dark or have spots, or uneven, it may also be fatty liver. If there are pimples (pimples) in these two areas or one of them, it proves that the person has a hot liver, emotional instability, menopause, etc. If there are obvious spots in both places, and the face is dark and unpretentious, it looks ugly, and the person is relatively thin, it means that the person has liver disease (hepatitis or cirrhosis).
The outside of the eye is drawn down to the nostrils and is representative of the large intestinal system. Why do women grow butterfly spots? One is due to endocrine disorders, the other is because women will compress the large intestine when pregnant, causing constipation, and the final result is that the toxins cannot be excreted and reabsorbed in the body. Chinese medicine believes that to nourish the face, you must first detoxify. "Shun Yi Xing" can help to expel a lot of toxins from the body: it restores the beauty of many women. If there are red blood, pimples, spots, moles, and nevus in this area, it means that the person has a disorder of excretion of the large intestine, generally dry stools, constipation or loose stools, if there are half-moon-shaped spots in this area, it proves that the person is constipated or hemorrhoids. At the intersection of the lower line of the nasal root and the vertical line of the outer corner of the eye is the rectal reflex area, where the spots are hemorrhoids, and if there is redness or white spots here, there is a possibility of rectal cancer. The inside of the large intestine represents the small intestine, the small intestine is mainly responsible for absorption, the spleen and stomach are not good, the small intestine is naturally not good, if this part has, pimples, spots, moles or moles, it proves that the absorption function of the small intestine is not good, the average person will be thin, the small intestine area has obvious red blood capillaries, many may be caused by low blood pressure, or the family has abnormal blood pressure genetic genes. Looking further up, the eyebrows are divided into two segments, and the middle one represents the respiratory system (lungs). If the pores in this area are enlarged or red, there is a problem with the respiratory system. People who smoke for a long time will have spots and pigments. If the middle of the forehead is relatively concave, and the color is dark, or blue, or there are spots, it means that the person has a lung disease and breathing is not smooth; if there are acne, it proves that the person has recently suffered from a cold or sore throat. If there are moles, moles, or whitish or pronounced Sichuan character patterns on both eyebrows, it proves that the person is prone to pharynx. Laryngitis, or tonsillitis, or chest tightness and shortness of breath, or lung disease, can also be passed on to their children. People with poor lung function, generally poor excretion function of the large intestine, one-third of the upper part of the forehead (hairline edge) represents the heart system, where pimples appear: (pimples), or different from the facial forehead color, indicating that the person's psychological pressure is relatively heavy. If there are spots, it indicates that there is a heart disease (such as myocardial weakness), and there are moles and nevus, indicating that the heart function is congenitally insufficient. The reflex area of the heart is at the bridge of the nose between the two corners of the eye, where the striations or striations are more pronounced, which may be irregular or the heart condition is not good; if the rhabdomy lines are deep and there are also deep vertical striations (grooves) on the tongue, there may be a more serious heart disease. Heart disease patients generally have poor small bowel function; they can also cause diseases such as blood vessels, brain, thyroid, and parathyroid. Wrinkles in the lower ear lips are coronary heart disease, purple lips are heart disease The reflex area of the brain is between the two eyebrows, where vertical lines appear, vertical lines are very deep and the part is red, it proves that the person's heart and cerebrovascular blood supply is insufficient, headache, neurasthenia, dreams, poor sleep, palpitations, irritability, etc., the area around the eyes is dark, proving that the brain blood supply is insufficient or sleep rest is not good. The reflex area of the chest (breast) is between the corners of the eyes and the bridge of the nose. If the man is dark or blue in this area, it means that he has chest tightness and shortness of breath. If a woman is dark or blue in this area, it means that her breasts are swollen and painful during menstruation. There are moles, nevus, or powdery acne-like protrusions in the inner part of the upper eyelid, indicating lobular hyperplasia of female breasts and male pleurisy. If there is a small packet in the corner of the eye of the woman, it indicates breast hyperplasia or mammary tumor in the woman.
Chinese medicine uses vision to make purposeful observations of the patient's whole body and local gods, colors, shapes, and states, and diagnose diseases. It is one of the four diagnoses. Clinically, the combination of visiting and seeing, inquiring and incising can comprehensively and systematically understand the condition and make correct judgments about the disease.
Theoretical basis Looking at diagnosis is a method of diagnosing diseases according to the theories such as internal organs and meridians. The outside of the human body and the internal organs are closely related, and if there is a change in the functional activities of the internal organs, it will inevitably be reflected in the gods, colors, shapes, and states outside the human body. The five organs and the body surface are connected together by the twelve meridians, and they are matched with the tendons, bones, skin, flesh, and veins (five bodies) of the whole body: the main fur of the lungs, the main tendons of the liver, the main muscles of the spleen, the main blood of the heart, and the main bones of the kidneys. The five senses are also related to the five viscera: the nose is the trick of the lungs, the eye is the trick of the liver, the mouth is the trick of the spleen, the tongue is the trick of the heart, and the ear is the trick of the kidney. Therefore, observing the changes in the morphological functions of the body surface and five senses, changes in internal organs can be inferred. At the same time, it can also reflect the profit and loss of the whole body's essence. The changes in spirit, qi and spirit are mainly manifested in the head and eyes, and are reflected in the morphology of the whole body, language and breath, facial color, and even pulse and tongue. Jing, qi, and vigor are signs of health; deficiency, deficiency, and mental exhaustion are the manifestations and causes of diseases. Therefore, the consultation can not only diagnose visceral lesions, but also understand the dynamic changes of the human body's essence, qi and spirit.
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It is divided into overall and partial visits. The overall diagnosis is to observe the whole body, color, shape, and state, and the partial diagnosis is to understand the related lesions through local signs of change. Clinically, there is no strict distinction between overall and partial visitation. In terms of specific steps, the overall visit can be carried out first, and then the partial visit can be carried out in an orderly manner.
Focusing on gaze, facial expressions and spiritual awareness activities is an important part of judging clinical prognosis and life activities. (See God)
Looking at the face Color Gloss Change is the main content, including the blue, red, yellow, white and black color changes and the occurrence of the face, which can reflect the changes in the rise and fall of the internal organs and blood and the part where the disease is located. (See face)
Looking at morphology is a method of diagnosis by observing the shape and posture of a patient.
(1) Looking at the shape. It is mainly to observe the strength of the body and the shape of the trunk and limbs. The physical characteristics can generally reflect the yin and yang of the human body, qi and blood endowments, such as thin elderly people with more yin and yang, short and fat people with more yang and yin, not fat and not thin, moderate length, then yin and yang balance. At the same time, the fat and thin body can also reflect the nature of the disease, such as fat people with more phlegm, thin people with more fire, etc. The shape of the trunk limbs also has certain diagnostic significance for diseases, such as chicken breasts and turtle backs, most of which are congenital endowments or acquired loss of nourishment, caused by loss of kidney essence or spleen and stomach weakness; the chest is barrel-shaped, mostly for vomiting and phlegm, which causes cough and asthma; single abdomen is swollen and the limbs are thin, which is bulging.
(2) Looking at the posture. That is, to observe the patient's dynamic posture, behavior and movement. For example, the facial lips and fingers are trembling, if it is a fever disease, it is a hot wind, if it is an internal injury and miscellaneous disease, it is a blood deficiency and yin deficit; the limbs are convulsive and spasm, the neck and back are rigid, the horns are arched, it is a spasm, which is more common in the liver wind internal movement or hot wind and other evidence. Hand and foot motor dysfunction and various pain symptoms can also be inferred from the looking posture. If the hands and feet are weak and weak, the movement is not effective and painless, it is a symptom of impotence; the joints of the hands and feet are swollen and painful, and the movement is difficult, which is a symptom of paralysis; the hands and feet cannot move, are insensitive, or urgent, or paralyzed; the abdomen is protected with hands, and the action is forward, mostly abdominal pain; the hands are protected, bent over, the back is difficult, and most of them are waist pain. In addition, the looking posture can also judge the relevant medical evidence from the performance of the behavioral intention. For example, if you cower and do not want to remove your clothes, it is a manifestation of the cold, which is a testimony of cold or cold; if you want to uncover the quilt, it is a bad heat, which is evidence of heat or heat; you want to see people and like cold, most of them are yang evidence; they are afraid of seeing people and like warmth, and most of them are yin evidence. From the sitting posture, it can also be inferred that the body's yin and yang are dissipating and the rise and fall of good and evil. For example, lying down and curling up, like to go inward, mostly for the yang deficiency cold evidence; lying and exposing, like to the outside, mostly for the yang sheng heat evidence; sitting and happy to lie down, mostly for the lung deficiency and lack of qi; sitting and liking, most of the lungs are real qi reverse, and so on.
Look at the head and neck
The head, face and neck are the places where the three yang meridians of the supervisor pulse, the Ren pulse and the hand and foot meridian intersect in a circular manner, and the foot yin and liver meridians also go up to the head. The brain resides in the skull and is the center of spiritual consciousness. The brain is the sea of marrow, which is the master of the kidneys. The blood of the heart lord, the blood line is glorious in the face, so the heart is in the face. Therefore, a visit to the head, face and neck can understand the rise and fall of visceral qi and blood. In fact, looking at God and looking at color is also based on the head and face. (1) Looking. The head shape is too large or too small, mostly caused by congenital dysplasia or insufficient kidney sperm. In children, fontanelle subsidence is called fontanelle depression, and fontanelle closure is called craniotomy, which is caused by congenital insufficiency and cerebral marrow emptiness. The high protrusion of the children's fontanelle is called fontanelle filling, which is caused by the evil invasion of the fiery heat of the warm disease, which is mostly empirical. The head is shaken and cannot be autonomous, mostly due to wind disease or insufficient qi and blood. Thinning and drying of hair is insufficient sperm blood, adolescent white hair is kidney deficiency and blood deficiency, and children's hair spikes are manifestations of chancre. (2) Lookout. It is mainly based on facial expressions and color. Others such as facial swelling, that is, edema occurs in the eyelids and head; facial skin is red, swollen, hot and painful, mostly caused by wind, heat and fire poison attack; facial muscle paralysis, visible mouth and eyes are crooked, for the wind evil network or network emptiness, the disease is mostly in the Yangming Meridian.
(3) Neck item. Head and neck rigidity can be one of the symptoms of spasm, caused by warm fever or internal movement of liver wind, mainly empirical evidence. Weakness in the head belongs to the category of children's five softs (soft head, soft neck, soft hands, soft feet, and soft muscles), which is caused by congenital deficiency and kidney sperm loss. If there is a tumor such as a tumor in the throat under the neck, or large or small, it can move with swallowing, which is a gall disease, mostly caused by hepatic depression and sputum coagulation, or related to local water and soil.
Look at the facial features
The five senses (eyes, ears, nose, mouth, tongue) are related to the rise and fall of the five visceral qi and blood, and the change of the appearance of the five senses can directly diagnose the lesions of the internal organs.
(1) Looking. The eye is the trick of the liver, and the essence of the five internal organs is all focused on the eye. The five viscera related parts of the eye are called the five chakras (see the five chakras and eight contours), so the eyes can not only look at the gods, but also diagnose the lesions of the five viscera. The eyes are black and white, the vision is clear, and the radiance contains the eyes, although the disease is easy to treat; if the white eye is dark, the black eye is stagnant, the floating light is exposed, the spirit is lost, the vision is blurred as no eyes, and the disease is more difficult to treat. The redness of the eyes is the fire of the heart, and the pale whiteness is the deficiency of blood; the redness of the white eye is the heat of the lungs, and the yellow is the heat of the damp heat; the swelling of the beads is the fire of the liver; the redness of the eye cells is red and the wet rot is the fire of the spleen; the redness and swelling of the whole eye is wind and heat; the upper and lower eyes are distinct for phlegm drinking, and the color of the eye cells is dark for kidney deficiency. The swelling of the eye is the initial sign of edema, the inverted eye is the failure of the organs, and the protrusion of the eyeball is mostly gall. If the pupils change color, the eye is membraneed, and the vision is not clear, it is an eye disease such as internal and external obstacles. If the pupil is enlarged, it is renal sperm depletion, which is seen in near-death crisis, or green wind internal disorder and some poisoning diseases; if the pupil is reduced, it is mostly a liver and gallbladder fire, false fire disturbance or poisoning. Eyelid drooping is called eyelid waste, which is congenital deficiency or spleen and kidney deficiency, and can also be caused by trauma. Flipping upwards and directly, the disease is more serious, and the drowsiness is exposed, which is common in children with spleen deficiency or slow spleen.
(2) Looking at the ear. The ear is the trick of the kidney, and it is also the part where the three yangs of the hand and foot are distributed and gathered. The looking ear mainly observes the color, morphology and secretion status of the pinna. (See Auricular Consultation)
(3) Nose looking. The nose is the secret of the lungs, which belongs to the spleen meridian and is related to the foot Yang Ming stomach meridian. The color of the nose is blue for abdominal pain, the color is yellow for damp heat, the color is white for blood loss, the color red is for the lungs and spleen with heat, and the color is slightly black with water vapor. Dry nostrils are mostly evidence of yangming fever. The nose flanks incite, the initial is wind and heat lungs, and for a long time, it is insufficient lung qi. In addition, the nose also has certain significance for the diagnosis of nasal polyps, wine nose, leprosy, syphilis and other diseases.
(4) Look at the lips. The spleen is open in the mouth, and its brilliance is in the lips. The lip color is rosy, indicating that the qi and blood are harmonized and the stomach is full of qi. If the lip color is pale white for blood deficiency, light red is cold, crimson is real heat, blue and black main qi is stagnant blood stasis, etc. The dry and cracked lips are insufficient, and the saliva in the corners of the mouth is spleen deficiency or stomach heat. In addition, the lips also have direct clinical significance for diseases such as chymole, chancre, wind, and cocoon lips.
(5) Tongue-in-cheek. The tongue is the secret of the heart, and the tongue is directly or indirectly connected to the internal organs through the meridians and meridians. The tongue is mainly observed for the tongue and tongue moss. (See Tongue Consultation)
(6) Gums. The main bone of the kidney, the tooth is the rest of the bone. The yangming meridians of the hands and feet are in the gums. Therefore, the teeth and gums can detect kidney and gastrointestinal diseases. Especially for the dialectic of warm disease, it is of great significance. Normal people's teeth are white and moist, and the root of the teeth is strong, indicating that the kidney qi is full and the jin liquid is full. For example, dry teeth are hot and wounded, light and dry like stones are Yang Ming hot, dry as dry bones are exhausted by kidney yin. The teeth are loose and sparse, the gums are exposed, and most of them are kidney deficiency. The gums are pale and bloody, the gums are atrophied into insufficient stomach yin or kidney deficiency, and the gums are red and swollen for gastric inflammation. Bleeding gums, pain and redness are caused by stomach heat, and painless and red and slightly swollen are mostly caused by kidney deficiency or qi deficiency.
(7) Look at the throat. The throat is the main way to breathe and eat, and is related to the lungs and stomach. Normal people's throat color is reddish and lubricated, unimpeded. If the throat is ulcerated, the surrounding redness and swelling are mostly evidenced by heat; the ulceration and suppuration of the tonsils are milk moths, caused by the heat of the lungs and stomach. If the throat ulcer is covered with white rot, it is shaped like a white film, which is called a pseudo-membrane. Pseudomembranes are tough and not easy to peel off, mostly diphtheria.
Look at the skin
The skin is the surface of the body, and the guard qi circulates in between, and is integrated into the lungs, which has the effect of excreting sweat, regulating body temperature, and resisting the invasion of external evils. The essence of the internal organs circulates through the meridians, and the qi and blood fluids are infused into the skin to maintain its warmth, prosperity and normal function. Therefore, by observing the color and form of the skin, we can understand the nature of disease and evil and the prosperity and decline of internal organs and blood.
(1) Look at the skin color.
Its principle and method are the same as those of wang face. Generally speaking, if the skin color is moist, the viscera is still full of essence, although the disease is easy to treat; if the skin color is dry and dull and dull, it is a weakness of the visceral essence and the disease is more serious. Diseases that can be effectively diagnosed by skin color include erysipelas, jaundice, etc. Erysipelas is erysipelas if the skin becomes red as if it were stained with fat. If the skin of the whole body is cloudy red, the parade is amorphous or puffy and painful, it is called erysipelas, which is caused by external attacks of wind and heat, partial fire or fetal poisoning in children. If it occurs locally, it is called flowing fire, the redness and swelling of the lower limbs are caused by the injection of damp heat poison, and the redness and swelling of the skin on the head and face are caused by the upward attack of wind and heat poison. If the skin, face, eye, and claw nails are yellowed abnormally, jaundice is jaundice. Among them, the yellow is as bright as orange, which is yang yellow, which is caused by the connotation of damp heat; the yellow is obscure as smoke, which is yin and yellow, caused by cold and wet spleen; such as the skin is yellow and black, the color is dark and dark, called black scabies, caused by blood stasis or kidney deficiency. (2) Look at the skin form. Skin morphological abnormalities include swelling, macules, whiteness, blisters, etc. The head, chest and abdomen, waist and back, limbs are puffy, the skin is tight, the sunken, the hand cannot be lifted, called swelling, which is caused by the wet internal stop and spillage of the skin; if the skin is floating, it is depressed according to the depression, and the hand is raised, which is a sign of poor qi. Spots are flaky plaques that appear on the surface of the skin, which should not be touched by hand, and are divided into two types: yang spots and yin spots. Yang spots, also known as hair spots, large patches, red or purple, even purple and black, often accompanied by fever, irritability, whispering, thirst, tongue redness, pulse number, etc., can be seen in the external sensation of warm fever, heat into the camp blood evidence; yin spots vary in size, light red or dark purple color, hidden but not obvious, hair is uncertain, haunting, patients are clear, limb cold, diarrhea, light tongue, fine pulse, mostly due to insufficient internal injuries and blood. The rash is emitted from the skin blood network, resembling millet grains, red and high, easy to touch, can be seen in measles, rubella and other diseases, and its characteristics are mainly punctuated papules. In general, the color of the macule rash is uniformly distributed and sparse, and the color is rosy, and the disease is mild; if the cloth point is dense or the root is tight and the color is dark, it is a reverse evidence and the disease is serious. White is a fine papule that rises above the skin, contains water, and the color is crystalline like millet, which is common in patients with summer humidity and damp temperature, and is caused by wet evil and inner depression and incomplete sweating. Blisters are herpes that are taller than the skin, vary in size, and contain water, and are different from chickenpox, snake sores, eczema, etc. In addition, there are still signs of skin morphology changes such as carbuncles, gangrene, boils, and boils.
Look at the vein
A method of diagnosing diseases by changing the color of the fish in both hands, index fingers, and nail veins.
(1) Look at the index finger vein. Also known as the fingerprint of children, it is mostly used for children under 3 years old, and is mainly based on changes in its shape, color, thickness, length and so on. The appearance and distribution of the palmar veins of the pediatric index finger can be divided into three parts: wind pass, qi pass, and life pass (see figure). During the examination, the doctor uses the thumb of the right hand to push moderately from the life pass to the qi pass and the wind pass, repeated several times, and the vein gradually appears, which is convenient for observation. The normal fingerprint color is bright red, red and yellow, only hidden within the wind pass, mostly oblique, single-branched, moderate thickness. Its color is dark and serious, the color is light and the disease is light; the color is light and virtual, the color stagnation (pushing is not smooth, the pressure is not retreated) is more solid; the color is light red and cold, the color purple red is hot; the color purple and black is stasis and blood obstruction, the main disease is critical, and the color blue is the main wind or pain. If the dew is superficial, the disease is on the surface; the stagnation is deep, and the disease is in the inside. Thickened to be empirical and thermal evidence, and refined into false evidence and cold evidence. Increasingly, the disease worsens and shortens to a lesser disease. The index finger vein is seen in the wind pass, the disease is in the table, the disease is mild; from the wind pass to the qi pass, the disease and evil enter from the surface, and the disease is aggravated; seen in the life pass, the disease and evil go deep into the internal organs, such as the straight finger end is called the through the guan, and the condition is critical.
(2) Look at the nails. The nails are beyond the tendons, and they are outside the liver and gallbladder. The liver hides blood and the main drainage, so the fingernails can detect the rise and fall of qi and blood and its operation. The nails are ruddy and lustrous, tough and curved, which is a sign of vigorous qi and blood and smooth running. If the nails are dark red, there is heat in qi; yellow is a sign of jaundice, often accompanied by yellow face and skin all over the body; pale white is blood deficiency or qi and blood deficiency, pale color is cold deficiency, purple black is bruised blood, and cyan is mostly cold evidence. If the nails become white after pressing, the blood color recovery is slow after letting go, which is stagnant blood stasis; those who do not regain redness are mostly blood deficiency. Flat and concave nails are called anti-nails, which are mostly caused by liver blood deficiency; nail dryness is mostly liver fever, or liver blood deficiency and heart yin deficiency. The nails are thin and brittle, with more qi and blood loss and less sperm and blood, and can also be seen in diseases such as furunculosis, onychomycosis, and long-term paralysis.
(3) Look at the fish inter-vein. The fish is the muscle abundance behind the big finger of the palm, and the hand Taiyin lung meridian is circulated here, and it is related to the rise and fall of the stomach meridian qi and blood. The inter-fish vein is mainly looking at the color, such as the cold of the green genus, the heat of the red genus and so on. There are currently few applications.
Look out of the drain
Including the shape, color, quality and quantity of vomit, sputum, saliva, saliva, second stool, menstrual belt, pus, etc.
(1) Vomit. Thin and odorless, mainly cold evidence; dirty and sour odor, mainly heat certificate; see there is indigestible food inclusions, and sour smell, mostly food accumulation; see clear water phlegm saliva, with dry mouth do not want to drink, tongue moss, mostly phlegm drinking. Vomiting yellow-green bitter water is moist and hot for the liver and gallbladder; such as vomiting blood or purple and dark lumps, mixed with food residue, caused by stomach heat, liver fire, or bruising.
(2) Sputum. Yellow and viscous, lumpy, hot phlegm; sputum white and thin, more foamy, belongs to wind phlegm; sputum is white and thin or has gray and black spots, belongs to cold phlegm; sputum is white and slippery, the amount is large and easy to cough out, it is wet phlegm; sputum is less and sticky, it is difficult to cough out, it is dry sputum. The sputum is bloody and bright red, mostly caused by yin deficiency and fire, and heat injuries to the lungs.
(3) Snot. Nasal turbidity is the external sense of wind and heat, runny nose is the external sense of wind and cold, and staying cloudy for a long time is not only a sign of the nasal abyss.
(4) Salivation. Saliva at the corners of the mouth cannot be autonomous, the quality is large, and the spleen is mainly deficient; if the mouth is cloudy and viscous, it is moist and hot for the spleen and stomach; salivation in children can be caused by insect accumulation and stomach heat. Spitting out a lot of spit is often caused by cold stomach, accumulation of food or kidney deficiency.
(5) Two poop. Stool such as sauce for the large intestine heat, like duck dung and thin as cold, thick sticky for hot and hot wounds, dry knots for jin loss, and red and white pus for dysentery, and indigestible food for food accumulation or spleen deficiency. The urine is dark yellow and cloudy, or white like rice swill, which is a hot and humid bet; the color is white and long, which is kidney yang deficiency; the color is red and turbid, which is blood in the urine.
(6) Menstruation. Menstrual volume is large, thick or blood clots, dark red color, mostly blood fever; if the amount is large, thin, the color is reddish, mostly qi deficiency; menstrual color is dark, and blood clots are sandwiched, mostly bruised; menstrual volume is more or less, dark or light, caused by liver qi depression.
(7) Take down. Women may have a small amount of vaginal discharge. If the amount of the belt is large, or the dripping is continuous, etc., it is the disease under the belt. If the lower color of the belt is cold and wet, the yellow color is wet and hot, the red and white phase is both the liver meridian damp heat, and the various hues are called five color bands, which is a gynecological critical illness. If the lower band is thin and cold, the thick stickiness is real heat, the saliva is spleen deficiency and wet, and the pus-like is internal carbuncle.
(8) Pus. It is a liquid rotten substance of the skin and flesh, and is mostly found in surgical sores. If the pus is yellowish and white, the color is distinct, and the evil is expelled for the abundance of qi and blood; if the pus is yellow and white, the color is clear, and it is a manifestation of the victory of righteousness over evil. Pus is turbid and thick, the color is not pure, and it is fiery and inside; if the pus is green and black, the texture is thin, it is poisonous and evil, and the disease is deep.
The internal organs are divided into tongue areas
The heart and lungs are placed on the top, with the tip of the tongue as the main heart and lungs; the spleen and stomach are centered, so the spleen and stomach are centered in the middle of the tongue; the kidneys are located in the lower part, so the root of the tongue is the main kidney; the liver and gallbladder are on the side of the body, so the main liver and gallbladder on the tongue side, the left belongs to the liver, and the right belongs to the bile. This expression is generally used for internal injuries and miscellaneous diseases. 2. Diagnosis of tongue parts by trifocal position In the order of the upper and lower positions of the trifocal position, the main upper focus of the tip of the tongue, the main middle focus of the tongue, and the main lower focus of the root of the tongue. This division is mostly used for exosensory lesions. 3. The stomach is divided into tongue parts to diagnose the upper part of the tongue, the main upper part of the tip of the tongue, the main middle of the tongue, and the main lower part of the root of the tongue. This method is often used for gastrointestinal lesions. To the various parts of the tongue to wait for the internal organs, this is one of the current research on the biological holographic law, although the method is not the same, but have reference value, clinical diagnosis, can be combined with the diagnosis of tongue and tongue to verify, but must be four diagnosis and combination of reference, comprehensive judgment, can not be too mechanical and rigid.
(2) The content of the tongue
The contents of the tongue can be divided into two parts: tongue and tongue. The tongue, also known as the body of the tongue, is the muscles and veins of the tongue. The tongue is divided into four aspects: looking at the god, color, shape, and state. Tongue moss is a layer of moss attached to the body of the tongue, and the tongue moss can be divided into two aspects: moss color and moss. Normal tongue, referred to as "light red tongue, thin white moss". Specifically, its tongue is soft, flexible and flexible, the color is reddish and red; its fat, thin, old and tender size is moderate, there is no abnormal form; the tongue is thin and white, the particles are uniform, and it is thinly spread on the tongue surface, and it does not go away, and there is a root under it that is the same as the tongue, and the dryness and wetness are moderate, not sticky and not greasy. In short, the normal performance of the basic factors of tongue and tongue moss is combined to form a normal tongue.
1. Tongue-in-cheek
(1) Tongue God: The tongue god is mainly manifested in the glory and agility of the tongue. The key to the method of observing the tongue of God lies in distinguishing between glory and withering. The proud one, glorious and radiant, is manifested as the flexible movement of the tongue, the color of the tongue is ruddy, bright and shiny, full of vitality, it is said to be a god, although it is sick, it is also a good weather. The dry person, obscure and dull, is manifested as the movement of the tongue is not effective, the tongue is dry, the dullness is dull, it is said to be godless, and it is a sinister and sinister weather. It can be seen that the existence or absence of the tongue god reflects the rise and fall of the internal organs, qi and blood, and jin liquid, which is related to the auspiciousness of the prognosis of the disease.
(2) Tongue color: color, that is, the color of the tongue. Generally can be divided into light white, light red, red, dai, purple, blue. Except for the reddish color of the normal tongue, the rest are the color of the main disease.
(1) Light red tongue: the tongue color is white and red, not dark or light, and the light red is moderate, which is the manifestation of the glory of qi and blood, indicating that the heart is sufficient and the yang qi is clothed, so it is a normal tongue color.
(2) Pale white tongue: The tongue color is lighter than the red tongue, or even no blood color at all, which is called pale white tongue. Due to the decrease in the function of yang deficiency biochemical yin blood, the power to promote blood movement is also weakened, so that the blood cannot operate in the tongue, so the tongue color is light and white. Therefore, this tongue lord is cold or qi and blood are both lost.
(3) Red tongue: The tongue color is bright red, and the light red tongue is dark, called red tongue. Because of the heat, the qi and blood are boiling, and the tongue body veins are full, the tongue color is bright red, so the main heat is evidence. Can be seen empirically, or hypothermically.
(4) Tongue: The tongue is dark red, and the color of the red tongue is darker and thicker. It is called a tongue. The main disease is divided into external sensations and internal injuries. Exopathy is fever into the camp blood. Internal injuries and miscellaneous diseases, for the yin deficiency fire.
(5) Purple tongue: Purple tongue is always caused by poor blood flow and stasis. Therefore, the main disease of purple tongue is not divided into cold and heat. The heat is full of wounds, the qi and blood are stagnant, and most of them are manifested as purple and dry and less jin. Cold coagulation blood stasis or yang deficiency cold, tongue lilac or bruised wet.
(6) Green tongue: The color of the tongue is like the "green tendon" of skin exposure, there is no red, called green tongue, which is described in ancient books as the tongue of a buffalo. Due to the cold and evil, the yang qi is depressed and undeclared, and the blood is coagulated and stasis, so the tongue color is blue. The main cold condenses the yang, or the yang deficiency cold coagulation, or there is bruising blood inside.
(3) Tongue shape: refers to the shape of the tongue body, including abnormal changes such as old and tender, fat and thin, swelling, cracks, thorns, tooth marks, etc.
(1) Old tongue: The texture of the tongue is rough and the shape is firm, which is called the old tongue. Regardless of the color of the tongue, the old man with the tongue is empirical.
(2) Delicate tongue: The texture of the tongue is delicate, its color is delicate, and its shape is more floaty, called delicate tongue, multi-main false evidence.
(3) Swollen tongue: divided into fat and swelling. The tongue is larger than the normal tongue, and even the tongue is full of mouth, or there are tooth marks, called fat tongue. The tongue is swollen, swollen and stuffed with the mouth, and it is impossible to retract the closed mouth, called a swollen tongue, a fat tongue. Most caused by water drinking sputum wet block. Swelling of the tongue, mostly due to heat poisoning, alcohol poisoning caused by gas and blood, causing swelling of the tongue body, more than the main heat evidence or poisoning disease evidence.
(4) Thin: The tongue is thin and small, and the thin tongue is called a thin tongue. It is always caused by insufficient qi, blood and yin fluid, which cannot fill the body of the tongue. The main qi and blood are both weak or yin and fire.
(5) Thorns: There are soft thorns on the tongue surface (that is, tongue papilla), which is a normal state, if the soft thorns on the tongue surface are enlarged, high as thorns, the thorny hand of the touch is called the tongue. Mostly caused by the hyperactivity of evil fever. The more thorns there are, the more evil heat there is. According to the location where the thorn appears, it can be distinguished that the heat is in the internal organs, such as the tip of the tongue has a thorn, most of which is hypercerosity; there is a thorn on the side of the tongue, most of which is full of liver and gallbladder fire; there is a thorn in the tongue, and the main gastrointestinal heat is hot.
(6) Crack: There is a fissure on the tongue surface, and there is no tongue cover in the fissure, which is called a cracked tongue. Most of them are caused by sperm and blood loss, fluid consumption injuries, and tongue loss. Therefore, the multi-lord sperm blood loss. In addition, there are about 0 in healthy people. 5% of people have a longitudinal deep groove on the surface of the tongue, called congenital fissure, and its cracks are mostly covered with tongue moss, and there is no other discomfort in the body, which is different from the cracked tongue. (1) Tooth marks: There are traces of tooth imprints on the edge of the tongue, so it is called tooth marks tongue. Its causes are mostly due to spleen deficiency can not be too wet, so that the temperature is blocked by the tongue and the tongue is fat, and the tooth marks are formed by the dentist squeezing. Therefore, tooth marks are often seen with fat and tender tongues, and the main spleen is weak or wet.
(4) Tongue state: refers to the state of the tongue when it is in motion. Normal tongue state is the sensitive movement of the tongue body, free to stretch and contract, pathological tongue state has strong, weak, tongue longitudinal, shortened, paralyzed, trembling, crooked, spitting and so on. (1) Toughness: The tongue is hard and straight, and the movement is not good, so that the language is not astringent, which is called a strong tongue. Most of them are caused by heat disturbing the mind, the tongue is unowned, or the high fever hurts the yin, the tendons and veins are unregulated, or the sputum obstructs the tongue. It is more common in the heat into the pericardium, high fever injury, sputum turbidity, stroke or stroke aura. (2) Weakness: The tongue is weak, weak in flexion and extension, and the impotence is not effective, which is called a soft tongue. Mostly caused by the deficiency of qi and blood, and the loss of yin fluid and veins. It can be seen that the qi and blood are weak, the heat is burned, and the yin loss has been extremely high. (3) Tongue longitudinal: the tongue sticks out of the mouth, adduction is difficult, or can not be retracted, called tongue longitudinal. It is always caused by the muscles of the tongue being stretched and indulged. It can be seen in the real heat, the phlegm fire disturbs the heart and the qi deficiency evidence. (4) Short contraction: The tongue body is tightened and cannot be extended, which is called a short tongue. It can cause contractures due to cold condensation of tendons and veins, tongue contractures; internal obstruction of phlegm wetness, inducing liver wind, wind and evil phlegm, obstruction of the root of the tongue; hot and injurious, tendons and veins; deficiency of qi and blood, and loss of the tongue body in the warmth of nourishment. Whether it is a false cause or a reality, it is a dangerous sign. (5) Paralysis: If the tongue has a numbness and the movement is not effective, it is called tongue paralysis. Mostly because the camp blood can not go to the camp to the tongue. If there is no cause for tongue numbness, it is a lack of blood in the heart; if the tongue is numb and sometimes trembling, or there are symptoms of stroke, it is the internal movement of liver wind. (3) Tremor: The tongue body vibrates and trembles, and cannot be autonomous, which is called fibrillation of the tongue. Most of them are caused by the lack of qi and blood, the loss of muscles and veins, or the heat and extreme injuries. It can be seen in the evidence of blood deficiency and hot pole wind. (5) Crooked: The outstretched tongue is on one side, and the tongue body is not correct, which is called a crooked tongue. Mostly caused by wind and evil network, or wind sputum obstruction network, there are also wind organs, but always because one side of the meridians, meridians are blocked, the diseased side of the tongue muscle relaxation, so to the healthy side of the deviation. More common in stroke signs or stroke precursors. (3) Spitting: The tongue often sticks out of the mouth for "spitting the tongue"; the tongue does not stop licking up and down the left and right lips, or the tongue is slightly out of the mouth, and immediately withdraws, all of which are called "tongue". Both are collectively called spitting tongues, both because the heart and spleen have heat, burning the jin liquid, so that the tendons and veins are tightened and frequently shaken. Tongue playing is common in children with intellectual hypoplasia. 2. Tongue moss Normal tongue moss is born of gastric steaming, so the rise and fall of stomach qi can be reflected in the change of tongue bitterness. The formation of pathological tongue moss is born from the rise of turbid qi accumulated in the stomach qi and diet; the other is the rise of evil qi. Looking at the tongue moss, attention should be paid to the changes in both lichen and moss color. (l) Moss; lichen refers to the shape of the tongue. Including the thickness of the tongue, dryness, roughness, putrefaction, peeling, rootless and other changes. (1) Thickness: Thickness is based on the standard of "bottoming" and "bottomless". Where the tongue is faintly visible through the tongue, it is a thin moss. Born of gastric qi, it is a normal tongue moss, and it has diseases, mostly at the beginning of the disease or the disease is on the table, and the disease is mild. The bottomlessness of the tongue that cannot be seen through the moss of the tongue is thick moss. Most of them are sick and evil, or gastrointestinal stagnation, and the disease is more serious. Tongue moss from thin to thickened, mostly for the right to overcome evil, the disease from the surface to the transmission, the disease from light to serious, for the manifestation of the development of the disease; the tongue moss from thick to thin, mostly for the right qi to return, the evil of internal depression can be dissipated and reached, the disease from heavy to light, the symptom of the disease retreats. (2) Moisturizing: the tongue surface is moist, the wet and dry are moderate, and it is moist. It means that the jin liquid is not injured; if the water is too much, it is wet and slippery, and even the tongue is salivating, which is slippery. There is a reflection of wetness and cold, which is more common in the evidence of yang deficiency and phlegm drinking water wet and stopping. John's dryness. It is dry moss, which is caused by the inability of the jin liquid to be carried up. It is more common in the evidence of heat and injury, insufficient yin fluid, yang deficiency water does not melt jin, dry qi injury to the lungs and so on. Tongue moss changes from wet to dry, mostly dry and evil, or hot and even consumes jin, indicating that the disease is aggravated; tongue bitterness changes from dry to moist, mostly dry and hot gradually receding, and the jin liquid gradually recovers, indicating that the condition is getting better. (3) Putridity: the moss is thick and the particles are coarse and loose, shaped like tofu slag piled up on the tongue surface, which can be removed, called "rotten moss". Due to the excess of yang heat in the body, the turbid gas in the transpiration stomach is flooded, which is common in phlegm turbidity and food accumulation, and there is evidence of gastrointestinal depression. The moss particles are delicate and dense, can not go away, scrape can not take off, covered with a layer of different greasy mucus, called "greasy moss" more sleepy spleen loss of good luck, wet and turbid inner, yang qi is suppressed by yin and evil and caused, more common in phlegm drinking, wet turbidity and other evidence. (4) Peeling: The patient has moss on the tongue, and suddenly all or part of it is peeled off, and the peeling place is bottomed out, which is called peeling lichen. If all are peeled off, no new moss is born, smooth as a mirror, called mirror tongue, smooth tongue. Caused by the depletion of the stomach yin, the stomach qi is seriously injured, and there is no hairless qi. No matter what color, it is a dangerous condition for stomach qi. If the tongue is not peeled off completely, the peeling place is smooth, and the remaining patchy residue of tongue mottled, called flower peeling, is caused by the stomach qi and yin injuries. The tongue moss from existence to absence is a manifestation of the stomach's lack of qi and yin, and the gradual decline of righteous qi; but after the tongue moss peels off, the reborn of thin white moss is a good omen for the evil to go to the right victory and the stomach qi to gradually recover. It is worth noting that regardless of the growth or regression of the tongue, it gradually changes to better, and if the tongue lichen grows suddenly and retreats, it is mostly a sign of a violent disease. (5) Root moss and rootless moss: No matter the thickness of the moss, if it is close to the surface of the tongue, it seems that the one born from the tongue is for the root moss, also called the true moss; if the moss is not real, it seems to float on the tongue, and it is scraped away, not like the person born on the tongue, called rootless moss, also known as false moss. Root moss indicates that although the disease is strong, the stomach qi has not weakened; rootless moss means that the stomach qi has declined. In short, observing the thickness of the tongue can know the depth of the disease; the dryness of the tongue can know the profit and loss of the jin liquid; the rot of the tongue can be known to the wet and turbid situation; the peeling and rootlessness of the tongue can be known; the rise and fall of the qi and yin and the development trend of the disease can be known. (2) Moss color: moss color, that is, the color of tongue moss. It is generally divided into four categories: white moss, yellow bitter and gray, black and concurrent color changes, because the color of moss is related to the nature of disease and evil. So looking at the moss color can understand the nature of the disease. (1) White moss: generally commonly used in table evidence, cold evidence. Because the external sense of evil qi has not yet been transmitted, the tongue moss often has no obvious change, and it is still a normal thin white moss. If the tongue is pale and moist, it is often a cold or wet sign. However, in special cases, white moss is also the main heat proof. If the tongue is covered with white moss, such as white powder accumulation, it is not dry, and the "powder moss" is caused by the external sense of filthy and unhealthy qi, and the poisonous heat is caused by the internal heat. Common in mild disease or internal carbuncle. Another example is the white crack of the moss like sand and gravel, the roughness of the moss, called "rough cracked moss", all due to the rapid heat of wet disease, the internal heat burst, the liquid is violently injured, the moss has not yet turned yellow and the heat has been blazing, which is common in warm disease or mistakenly taking warm medicine. (2) Yellow moss: general main certificate, heat certificate. Due to the heat and evil, the moss appears yellow. Light yellow heat light, dark yellow heat heavy, scorched yellow hot knot. External susceptibility, moss from white to yellow, is a sign of the appearance of evil into the heat. If the moss is thin and yellowish, it is a manifestation of external wind heat or wind chill heat. Or the tongue is light and fat and tender, the moss is yellow and smooth, and most of them are impotent and wet. (3) Gray moss: Gray moss is light black. It is often transformed from the obscurity of white moss, and can also be seen at the same time as yellow moss. The Main Evidence, commonly seen in the Heat Proof, is also seen in the Cold And Temperature Certificate. The moss is gray and dry, most of which is hot and blazing, and external fever can be seen, or yin deficiency and fire, which is commonly infected with internal injuries. The moss is gray and moist, and is seen in sputum drinking stops, or cold and wet internal resistance. (4) Black moss: black moss is mostly developed from burnt yellow moss or gray moss, generally speaking, the main disease evidence, whether cold or hot, is critical. The darker the moss, the more severe the disease. If the moss is black and cracked, it is even stinging, which is extremely hot and dry; the moss is black and dry, and if it is seen in the tongue, it is a dry intestinal fecal knot, or a sign that the stomach will be corrupted; it is seen at the base of the tongue, it is scorched hot, and it is even hot; it is seen in the tip of the tongue, it is self-immolation; the moss is black and smooth, the tongue is pale, it is cold and cold, and the water is wet; the moss is black and sticky, and it is a phlegm wet internal obstruction. 3. Comprehensive diagnosis of tongue and tongue lichen The development process of the disease is a complex overall change process, so when mastering the basic changes of tongue and tongue and their main diseases, the interrelationship between tongue and tongue should also be analyzed at the same time. It is generally believed that the importance of detecting the quality of the tongue is to distinguish the false reality of the righteous qi, and of course it also includes the nature of the evil qi; the importance of the tongue moss is to distinguish the shallowness and nature of the evil qi, and of course, it also includes the survival of the stomach qi. From the perspective of the connection between the two, it is necessary to understand the comprehensive understanding, whether the two change alone or at the same time, they should be comprehensively examined. In general, the changes in tongue and tongue moss are consistent, and the main disease is often a combination of their respective main diseases. If the real heat evidence, the tongue is more red and yellow and dry; the cold evidence is more than the tongue is pale and white and moist. This is the essence of learning the simplicity and complexity of tongue diagnosis, but there are also times when the changes between the two are inconsistent, so it is more necessary to combine the four diagnoses and make comprehensive judgments. If the moss is white, although the main cold is wet, but if the red tongue and white dry moss, it is dry and hot, because the dry gasification fire is rapid, the moss color has not yet turned yellow, it has entered the camp; then such as the white thick powder moss, also the main evil heat is blazing, and it is not the main cold; gray and black moss can be a hot certificate, or it can be a cold certificate, which must be distinguished by combining the dryness of the tongue. Sometimes the two main diseases are contradictory, but they also need to be looked at together. If the red color is white and slippery moss, there is heat in the camp and wet in the external sense; the internal injury is yin and false, and there is phlegm and turbid food accumulation. It can be seen that when learning, it can be mastered separately, and it must be comprehensively examined when using it.
(3) Tongue looking method and precautions
To obtain accurate results, we must pay attention to ways and methods, pay attention to some problems, and are described as follows: 1. Tongue extension posture: When looking at the tongue, the patient is required to stick the tongue out of the mouth and fully expose the tongue body. The mouth should be as open as possible, the tongue should be naturally relaxed, without force, the tongue surface should be flattened and stretched, and the tip of the tongue should naturally hang down to the lower lip.
2. Order: The tongue should be carried out in a certain order, generally look at the tongue first, then look at the tongue, according to the order of the tip of the tongue, the edge of the tongue, the middle of the tongue, and the root of the tongue.
3. Light: The tongue should be in full and soft natural light as well, facing the light, so that the light directly into the mouth, to avoid colored doors and windows and around the strong reflection of colored objects, so as not to produce illusions in the color of the tongue. 4. Diet: Diet also has a great impact on the tongue image; it often changes the shape and color of the tongue. Due to the repeated friction of chewing food, the thick moss can be thinned; just drinking water, it makes the tongue surface moist; too cold, too hot diet and spicy and other irritating foods often change the color of the tongue. In addition, certain foods or drugs stain the tongue and appear as "stained lichen". These are temporary false tongues or tongue mosses caused by external interference, which are not directly related to the lesions at the time of the patient's visit and do not reflect the essence of the lesions. Therefore, when the clinical encounter of tongue lichen is inconsistent with the disease, or when the tongue lichen changes suddenly, attention should be paid to asking patients about their diet and medication in the near future, especially in the period before the treatment.
I think the hope of looking at the doctor is to observe, not simply to see. Not only to observe, but also to observe. Since I studied Chinese medicine, my favorite is Zhang Zhongjing's preface. That's where my interest in visiting a doctor began. Even people as clever as Zhang Zhongjing admired Bian Que's visit, and later he also had many magical stories of visiting the doctor, and I was influenced by this when I was a child. I wondered when I would be able to "see the people on the other side." After practicing medicine for nearly thirty years, I have a kind of experience: as long as I master the method, these are not difficult. The hard thing is that you don't have to hold the idea: I look at the nose best, I look at the eyes best... Dr. Zhu has a sentence: no matter how accurate the diagnosis is, it is only 70% accurate. If I have three ways to diagnose a stomach problem, I can see it in three places, is the accuracy rate to 80%? If there are five methods, is it 90%? Clinically, I not only looked at many places, but also organically combined looking, smelling, asking, and cutting, and the accuracy rate was much higher.
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