As the saying goes: "Crops do not recognize father and mother, and intensive cultivation and more grain." Spring is an important period for fruit tree management, and Sun Qingtian, director of the Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, reminded: "In the early spring season, fruit tree management must pay attention to fertilization in moderation. ”
There are many types of root fertilization
"Spring fertilization of fruit trees must be taken seriously." Sun Qingtian, who has many years of experience in apple and large cherry research, said that spring fruit tree management should also pay attention to fruit tree pruning, clearing the garden and observing the situation of fruit trees in time. In order to increase the nutrition of the tree, it is necessary to pay attention to the appropriate amount of spraying branches, use more amino acid fertilizers, and add synergists to increase the permeability and diffusion of the drug.
The root system and aboveground parts of the fruit tree correspond to each other, "one branch to one root", and the full nutrition of the root system is the guarantee of the healthy growth of the fruit tree. Therefore, when fertilizing in early spring, pay attention to the fertilization of fruit tree roots. Sun Qingtian suggested: "Root fertilization, one is a compound fertilizer with high nitrogen and low potassium, and the other is calcium nitrate, for some trees with poor root system, it is also possible to apply fulvic acid to raise roots and strengthen trees." ”
In order to allow each root system to receive sufficient nutrients, fertilization methods should also be paid attention to. The most used way is to spread on the ground, the fertilizer is evenly sprinkled on the ground or the tree plate, turn into the soil with a tool, the tree tray should not be turned too deep, can not damage the large roots, generally turned to about 20 cm. When sprinkled on the ground, with an appropriate amount of soil conditioners, such as silicon calcium and magnesium fertilizers, on the one hand, it supplements medium and trace elements, on the other hand, it neutralizes acidic soil and regulates soil pH. ”
Pest control in early spring
The quality of fruit tree management in spring is directly related to the income of orchards in that year. Sun Qingtian reminded fruit farmers to repair fruit branches in early spring, to discover and deal with diseased and dead branches in a timely manner, and to seize the key opportunity of early spring to concentrate on the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, so as to achieve twice the effect with half the effort.
In early spring, fruit trees are dormant or budding, and the main diseases to be controlled are rot, dry rot, rot disease and other overwintering pathogens. "At this stage, the fruit grower friend can scrape off the old warp skin, remove the fallen leaves, prune the branches of diseases and insects, and scrape the scars and apply the whisk lake in the more serious places." Sun Qingtian said.
Before budding, be sure to pay attention to the prevention and control of rot disease, rot disease and frost prevention. This stage can be evenly sprayed with 600 times the spray of bacterium dan (caprylylamine) or the land of bacteria (peracetic acid), or 1500 times of the anthocyanin spray.
Greenhouse cherry pest control should be ventilated!
Greenhouse cherry growth environment is relatively closed, poor ventilation and light transmission conditions, easy to infect with flower rot, gray mold, brown spot perforation disease and other diseases; in addition, shell insects, live insects, leaf mites and other insect pests also occur frequently, especially heart-eating pests, such as not in advance prevention, and when found has been drilled into the flowering vessel inside the moth room, and at this time is the flowering period, the shed is put bee pollination, can not be controlled by drugs, so it will cause great losses.
To prevent and control cherry diseases and insect pests in greenhouses, we must first strengthen the regulation of temperature and humidity, prevent air humidity from being too high, ventilate frequently, improve the living environment, and prevent the breeding of germs.
Secondly, in the different phenological periods of the growth of large cherries, the fungicide and the insecticide scientific mixing control, the specific method is: the germination period to completely clear the garden, lay a good foundation, in the bud dew red head with pentanol + daisen manganese zinc + pyridoxine + pyridoxine + killing phosphorus mineral oil according to the drug instructions recommended dosage mixed with water, the whole garden spray, must be uniform and meticulous, leaving no dead ends. When the buds are green, use a compound fungicide (such as Aimiao or Baitai or Shigao) + an insecticide with strong egg killing ability (such as fendawwei) to prevent brown spot perforation disease and heartworms, and can also add foliar fertilizer to supplement boron, and strong buds and pregnant flowers.
When there are a small number of flowers in the shed, spray the putridase agent to prevent gray mold, add high-quality foliar fertilizers such as chitosan or alginic acid, and improve the fruit set rate. After the flowers, spray rot mold + Baitai + Jinbiao (high efficiency cypermethrin), add chitosan or alginic acid and other high-quality foliar fertilizers to improve the fruit set rate. At the young fruit stage, spray Thai + chitosan or alginic acid high-quality foliar fertilizer to reduce physiological fruit drop. After fruit picking, spray a protective fungicide, such as beetle or Dasheng to prevent leaf fall, and add high phosphorus foliar fertilizer to promote flower bud differentiation. Each time you spray, choose before 10 a.m. or 3-5 p.m. on a sunny day to prevent drug damage. (Fruit Industry Pass)
Prevention and control of cherry grubs and celestial cattle
Cherry grub control: 10% chlorpyrifos granules 2000-2500 g / mu, 3% octyl thiophos granules 6000-8000 g / mu, soil spreading, and then the soil for rotary tillage, is the agent and soil mixed evenly, and finally irrigated.
grubs
Celestial bull larvae
Cherry Tengu Control: The larvae of the Tamarind are "clams", which specialize in burrowing into tree trunks and roots. In mid- and late April, look for insect feces on tree trunks for discharge, inject dichlorvos or chlorpyrifos, and then seal them with mud; catch adults during adult occurrence.
【Source: Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Shaanxi Province】
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