China on the tip of the tongue has stirred the taste buds of countless Chinese, which not only let us appreciate the profound Chinese food culture for the first time, but also let us experience an unforgettable ritual baptism. And when it comes to eating, you have to get a poem on the tip of your tongue. If nothing else, there are more than 20 kinds of fish in the Book of Light. Today, the Poetry Girl will take you to see the 10 kinds of fish that people often ate 3,000 years ago! And some fish, we can't afford to eat in our lives!
<h1>1. Bream (fáng) – bream</h1>
Steamed bream
The bream tails, and the royal family is ruined. Although it is destroyed, the parents are in trouble. - "Zhou Nan Ru Tomb"
"Ru Tomb" writes of a woman on the bank of the Ru River while cutting firewood while thinking of her husband who has not returned from the expedition. The last sentence is a woman's complaint: just as a toiling bream swims with a red tail, in the autumn of the dynasty's difficulties and emergencies, his husband cannot delay and love the family. The figurative metaphor renders the situation of the husband's long-term service so embarrassing that the poor wife is overjoyed and soon falls into despair.
Bream is also called bream, and the Yellow River bream is fat and precious. The fish is 40 cm long and is more suitable for hydrostatic life. It is mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China. Because of its tender and smooth meat and delicious taste, it is one of the main freshwater farmed fish in China.
How to eat bream? Braised and steamed are good. But the poetry girls have not eaten it so far, what about you?
<h1>2. Zhān ( ) – Sturgeon</h1>
sturgeon
The river is full of water and the north is alive. Shi 罛濊濊, 鳣(zhān)鲔(wěi) hair. Unveiled, The Sins of the Ginger, and the Servants have the Leaves. - "Wei Feng Shuoren"
This poem describes the grandeur and beauty of Qi Nu Zhuang Jiang marrying Wei Zhuang Gong, and strives to portray the noble and beautiful image of Zhuang Jiang. The translation is: You see the water of the Yellow River is white, and the north flows into the sea. The fishing nets in the water are stirring, and the fish in the water are brushing. The reeds on both sides of the river are long and long. The dowry girl is tall, and the men who follow him are very good-looking!
Zhān (zhān) 鲔 (wěi): These two species of fish are also found in the ShanHai Sutra. Tuna, now sturgeon and sturgeon. The two belong to the same fish family and sturgeon family, and the body size is also very similar, so the ancient sturgeon is not distinguished, often confused. Guo Pu of the Jin Dynasty commented on the fish separately: fish, big fish. The mouth is like a short nose, the mouth is under the chin, the body has oblique armor, no scales, and the flesh is yellow. The eldest is two or three zhang, and now Jiangdong is called yellow fish.
Sturgeon is also farmed now, and braised and steamed are good. What do you think it tastes like when you've eaten it?
3. Wěi – Wěi
Loach
The river is full of water and the north is alive. Shi Fu Tao, Tuna hair. Unveiled, The Sins of the Ginger, and the Servants have the Leaves.
- "Wei Feng Shuoren"
As mentioned in point 2, wěi and zhān belong to the same family of sturgeons and are very similar. However, unlike the fish, the tuna is also like a fish and has a long nose, and has no scales on its body.
The meat of the fish is delicate, delicious and nutritious, and it is a precious fish, and the roe is particularly rare. A female squid can produce more than 150,000 roe, each as large as a soybean, and three loach roe is worth the nutritional value of an egg.
The various parts of the squid can be cooked into a famous squid feast, which can be compared with the non-ordinary feast. So if you look at the ordinary fish that can be fished in the ancient river, we can't afford to eat it at present.
<h1>4. Guān ( ) – carp</h1>
Carp
We are in the beam, and its fish bream (guān). Qi Zi returns to the end, and its departure is like a cloud. - "Qi Feng And We"
This poem is written by Qi Nuwen Jiang. Wen Jiang, as the mother of the State of Lu, has a prominent and honorable status, and it is reasonable that she wants to return to her mother's home, Qi Guo, to visit her relatives. However, she was bad at the customs and customs in the country of Qi, and incestuous and ugly with her brother, which naturally caused people to hate and spurn. However, this disgust is not directly expressed in the poem, but only describes the grandeur of her travel scene, and the fame is real. For example, this sentence: the broken fish cage is set up on the fish dam, allowing the bream widower to swim in and out. Qi Hou's sister returned to the State of Qi, and there were countless servants like clouds.
Guān: Carp. We know that the carp is still Zhuangzi's "Getaway", "There is a fish in the north, and its name is Kun." The size of the carp is unknown to thousands of miles. "According to legend, there is a big fish thousands of miles long in the North Sea, and the kunfish, alias Kunpeng, is a sacred beast in ancient legends.
So now we can't see this kind of fish, let alone eat it.
<h1>5. Squid (xù) – silver carp</h1>
Steamed silver carp head
We are in the beam, its fish bream. Qi Zi returned to the end, and its from the rain. - "Qi Feng And We"
Or Qi Jiang, you see the pomp and circumstance of her returning to her mother's house: the more the momentum is described, the more it is linked to her ugly deeds in the reader's imagination, and the lofty status and the despicable behavior immediately form a strong contrast.
鱮 (xù) here means silver carp. Silver carp is sweet, flat, non-toxic, its meat is tender, rich in nutrition, is one of the most important freshwater farmed fish in China, into the dining table of tens of millions of people, and good quality and low price. What we eat now is basically farmed freshwater fish, right?
<h1>6. Carp (lǐ) – carp</h1>
Koi
Will it eat fish, and it will be the carp of the river? Shall he take his wife and be the son of Song? - "Chen Feng Hengmen"
"Hengmen" is about an attitude, whether it is the peace and happiness of life, or the plainness of love. That is to say, what suits you is the best. So the translation of this sentence is: If you want to eat fresh fish, you must have carp to be preferable? If you want to marry a wife, you must be happy with the SongZi?
It can be seen here that the status of carp in ancient times is synonymous with fresh. If Luoyang paper is expensive, then the nobles must eat carp when they eat fish. The carp is well known to us, which is what is said in the "Piya Shiyu": "It is said that the fish jumps the dragon gate and passes by the dragon, but the carp may be natural." "Ancient legend has it that when the Yellow River carp jumps over the dragon gate, it will change into a dragon. In the parable, there are things that soar up and down, such as lifting and promoting. It is also a metaphor for going against the current and striving upwards.
Therefore, carp has also become one of the indispensable fish on our New Year's table. Nowadays, we eat carp in the opposite way from the ancients, and what they can't afford to eat, we can eat.
<h1>7. Zūn – Trout</h1>
Grilled trout
Nine fish, trout, bream. My son, The Embroidered Robes. - "Feng Feng Jiu Ji"
Nine-fold (yù): A fishing net with a smaller mesh. Nine, the imaginary number, indicates that there are many meshes. The poem is an attempt to dissuade a prince and nobleman from returning, while expressing concern and sorrow for his return. The poem uses the trout of the nine-fold fish to show the master and self-humility.
A species of carp in the family Cyprinidae. It is two or three feet long, with a rounded front and a flat back, and red eyes and fine scales. China has been fighting rainbow trout farming since the 1950s and 1960s. Nowadays, when we travel to Huairou Miyun in Beijing, almost every farm will entertain guests with rainbow trout, which is also a common delicacy on our table.
But I don't know what the difference is between the ancient trout and our modern farmed rainbow trout.
<h1>8. Chorus (cháng) – yellow-cheeked fish</h1>
Yellow-cheeked fish
Fish beauty in the fish, anchovy shark. A gentleman has wine, and there is much purpose. - "Xiaoya Yuli"
"Yu Li" is a popular song for the guests of Yan Biao in the Zhou Dynasty. The poem praises the sweetness and abundance of wine and food at the time of the feast, so as to see the abundance of crops, the host's hospitality, and the guests and hosts rejoicing together. The "gentleman" mentioned in the poem is a good name for the guest to the host. You can't entertain a feast without fish. So what are these two fish written in the first paragraph?
Cháng: Yellow-cheeked fish. Shark: Also known as a fish, a small fish that can blow sand, like a crucian carp and small. The fish has a pale yellow belly, a large flattened head, no scales all over the body, hard spines on the posterior upper pectoral fin and anterior upper ventral fin, and serrated on the posterior margin of the spine. Yellow-cheeked fish inhabit the bottom of rivers and lakes during the day and float on the surface at night, and have a wide range of feeding habits. This fish is known for its tender flesh and no soft spines.
Unfortunately, the poetry girl has not eaten it so far, and what taste can I say after eating it.
<h1>9. Catfish (yǎn) – catfish</h1>
Bashu catfish
Fish lily in the carp, carp. A gentleman has wine, and he has a purpose. - "Xiaoya Yuli"
The scene of entertaining guests in the poem "Fish Li" is really enviable, and there are all kinds of fresh fish that we have not heard of. The catfish here, yǎn( yǎn): commonly known as catfish. It is well known that this fish body is slippery and scaleless. The surface of the body is mucus, the head is flat and wide, the upper and lower jaws have four whiskers, which contain more protein and fat, and have a better therapeutic effect on people who are weak and malnourished. In addition, catfish is a good product for prolactin. We still eat it today.
The catfish poetry girl had never eaten it, and alas, she felt like a failed foodie.
<h1>10. Tiáo ( ) – white striped fish</h1>
White striped fish
Doggy and painted, diving with multiple fish. There are fish (zhān) there are fish (wěi), fish (tiáo) fish (cháng) 鰋 (yǎn) carp (lǐ). To enjoy the blessings, to introduce the blessings. - "Zhou Song Qian"
The poems in the "Ode" of the poetry sutra are, as we all know, sing praises and praises. Therefore, this "Dive" is no exception, a chapter of the whole poem, a total of six sentences. Zhou Tianzi offered various kinds of jiayu to the music of the Zongmiao Temple. The meaning of this sentence is that in the depths of the lacquered water and depressed water, there are all kinds of fat fish. There were the sandalwood and the tuna, and there were the minnow and the carp. It is used to sacrifice ancestors and seek happiness that will last forever.
The six species of fish here should have been introduced before and should all be known. Eel (zhān): Fish, scaleless, yellow flesh, large up to two or three inches long. Wěi: Sturgeon, one or two feet long. Crucian carp (cháng): Yellow-cheeked fish with a yellowish tail. yǎn: Catfish, scaleless.
Tiáo :White striped fish, only a few inches long, shaped like willow leaves, with thin and white scales. Especially in the sunlight, when sparkling, the white fish glow. This fish is also very delicious no matter how you make it, and fishing enthusiasts often catch this fish.
Review:
There are about 30 places where fish characters and fish names appear in the #Verse Sutra, and there are more than 20 kinds of fish names directly mentioned, such as: bream, trout, tuna, carp... Wait a minute. From this, we can see the number of fish written by the ancients, the variety of species, and people's familiarity with fish species, we can see that the fishery was very developed at that time, people can eat fresh fish, really envy the pastoral life of the ancients.
Looking at these fish now, most of them we have touched and eaten. But there are some fish that we can't eat anymore. As a foodie, which fish do you think is the most delicious? Welcome to @Poetry Girl, let's communicate together! @ Today's headline culture channel @ toutiao national style