In the history of modern literature, there are many high-profile female writers, some people like Zhang Ailing, some people like Bingxin, some people like Xiao Hong, but there is a female writer, her life is full of twists and turns, full of controversy, her name is sometimes regarded as a taboo, sometimes become a legend and highly sought after, she is Ding Ling.
Chairman Mao once commented on Ding Ling: "Miss Wen today, General Wu tomorrow." Chairman Mao has praised very few people in his poems, and Ding Ling is one of them, and the person who can make Chairman Mao praise like this must have something special about her.
Chairman Mao's poem to Ding Ling
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="3" > dissolution of the marriage with the support of the mother</h1>
Born in 1904 to a shabby feudal family in Hunan, Ding Ling's father died when she was four years old and was raised by her new-minded mother. Although the scenery at home is no longer there, Ding Ling's mother, She Manzhen, still insists on letting Ding Ling study.
Ding Ling and her mother She Manzhen
In 1918, Ding Ling studied at the preparatory department of Taoyuan Second Women's Normal College. In 1919, under the influence of the May Fourth Movement, 15-year-old Ding Ling transferred to Changsha Zhounan Girls' High School. This is one of the earliest girls' schools in modern Hunan, and its purpose is to liberate women, hoping that women can go out of the family and seek self-reliance. Ding Ling's classmates at that time included Yang Kaihui, Xiang Jingyu, Cai Chang and many other revolutionary women. After that, Ding Ling also transferred to Yueyun Middle School with Yang Kaihui.
At this time, Ding Ling originally thought that she had a good and bright future, but in 1922, Ding Ling, who was just 18 years old, learned that she was actually ordered by her grandmother to be a doll, and as soon as she graduated, she would marry the eldest cousin of the third uncle's family. Fortunately, her mother, who had received a new education, supported her to dissolve the marriage contract, so Ding Ling directly refused the marriage contract with her cousin in front of the elders, and said: "My body belongs to me, and the marriage contract without my permission is invalid." ”
Ding ling
This sentence directly angered the third uncle and other elders, so after several disputes, Ding Ling broke with the feudal family and embarked on the road to Shanghai alone.
In late February 1922, Ding Ling went to Shanghai Civilian Girls' School to study. In 1923, through the introduction of Qu Qiubai and others, Ding Ling entered the Department of Literature of Shanghai University, founded by the Communist Party of China Chinese. During her studies at Shanghai University, Ding Ling came into contact with Marxism and met Wang Jianhong. But at this time, she had just broken with the feudal family and embraced anarchism.
Later, she gave up her original surname and changed Jiang Wei to Ding Ling.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="33" > the growth of a petty-bourgeois writer into a proletarian revolutionary writer</h1>
In 1924, Ding Ling's best friend died of lung disease, and she turned to Beijing to study. However, because there were few girls' schools in Beijing at that time, they could only give up temporarily, so Ding Ling had to start working.
Once, at a literary gathering held by Shen Congwen, Ding Ling met Hu Yepin. At first, Ding Ling was not impressed with Hu Yepin, but Hu Yefeng fell in love with Ding Ling at first sight, so he launched a fierce pursuit of her. Finally, Ding Ling was impressed by Hu Yepin's enthusiasm, and the two married in 1925.
Ding Ling and Hu Yefeng
In 1927, Ding Ling published her debut novel Mengke. The following year, he completed the masterpiece "The Diary of Ms. Shafi", which immediately attracted the attention of the literary circles and received a warm response in the society.
In 1928, Ding Ling, who had become famous, returned to Shanghai with Hu Yepin and Shen Congwen. The three of them founded the "Red and Black Bookstore" together, published the "Red and Black" magazine, the early "Red and Black" sales were amazing, but in the later period, due to the differences in the creation of the three people, "Red and Black" was published for eight issues and then stopped publishing.
Most of Ding Ling's work revolves around two themes: women and revolution. During this period, Ding Ling's works continued the previous themes, starting from the perspective of small intellectuals, exploring the identity status and will of new women, and continuing to tell the story of urban women. At this time, Hu also frequently turned to revolutionary literature, while Shen Congwen turned to vernacular literature. Under the influence of her husband, Ding Ling's writing direction gradually shifted to revolutionary literature.
In 1930, Ding Ling published her first novel, Wei Hu, which was Ding Ling's debut novel to revolutionary literature, which mainly told the story of a progressive intellectual who struggled between revolution and love, and finally gave up love to join the revolution. In fact, it is still a love story, but it only adds the background and factors of the revolution, so it has caused a lot of controversy after publication.
At this time, Ding Ling only had a good feeling for the revolution, and could not say that she truly believed in Marxism. But with Hu Yepin and other "five martyrs of the Left League" killed one after another by the Kuomintang reactionaries, Ding Ling finally turned completely from the long-term "female perspective" writing to revolution.
After learning of her husband's murder, Ding Ling wrote in the article: "Can the Kuomintang executioners who killed him put down the butcher knife and let me go?" It can be seen that Ding Ling was afraid and afraid at that time. To this question, Ding Ling replied: "They will not let me go, then I will go and eliminate them." ”
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="34" > was arrested and imprisoned by the Kuomintang</h1>
Later, Ding Ling handed over her three-month-old child to her mother, returned to Kuomintang-controlled Shanghai alone, and threw herself into the revolution.
Ding Ling and her mother and son
After arriving in Shanghai, Ding Ling went to the workers to organize literary groups and night schools to propagate revolutionary ideas to the workers. In 1932, Ding Ling officially joined the party. Such a well-known writer threw himself into the revolution, which made the Kuomintang very panicked. Beidou, a left-wing organ she edited, was also very influential among young people, so the Kuomintang arrested Ding Ling in 1933, and Ding Ling remained under house arrest in Nanjing for three years. It was not until 1936 that Ding Ling was rescued by Song Qingling and the party organization.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="35" > joined the Eighth Route Army to the anti-Japanese front</h1>
After Ding Ling was rescued from prison, she resolutely decided to go to Yan'an. In this regard, Feng Xuefeng, who was in charge of united front work in the CPC Central Committee, hoped that Ding Ling could help propagate the idea of resisting Japan and saving the dead in Shanghai, while Comrade Pan Hannian hoped that Ding Ling could go to Europe to collect donations for the Red Army.
In the face of these choices, Ding Ling still firmly believed in her own ideas and went to Yan'an. At that time, the Long March had just ended, and the Red Army suffered heavy losses. On the second day of the establishment of the Literary Association, Ding Ling joined the Red Army and followed the forward troops to the front. After arriving in Yan'an, the Central Propaganda Department specially held a welcome party for her, and the people who wanted to see her crowded the entire cave, and even Zhou Enlai could only sit on the threshold. Chairman Mao also specially shaved his beard to greet her. The opening poem was also written by Chairman Mao to Ding Ling during this period.
Ding Ling arrived in Yan'an
Half a year later, Ding Ling returned from Yan'an, returned with only a month's rest, and then joined the Eighth Route Army again and went to the anti-Japanese front in Shanxi. Ding Ling's arrival added a touch of vitality to Yan'an's literary and artistic work, and also laid the foundation for the prosperity of literature and art later.
Ding Ling's experience of following the Eighth Route Army to the south and the north further made Ding Ling, and Ding Ling changed from an intellectual who had always lived in a big city to a literary and art worker who understood the living conditions and ideological outlook of the broad masses of the Chinese people.
In 1948, Ding Ling completed the most important revolutionary work of her life, "The Sun Shines on the Sangan River", which is a very realistic restoration of the Agrarian Reform Movement in North China, and shows how the Agrarian Reform has succeeded in a complex and dangerous struggle by shaping typical figures of different classes.
"The Sun Shines on the Sangan River" is not only a sensation in China, but also caused a warm response abroad. Later, the Soviet Union also translated and published this work, which also won Ding Ling the second prize of the Stalin Literature Prize.
In this way, Ding Ling transformed from a progressive intellectual into a literary and artistic worker who devoted herself to the revolution and created for the broad masses of working people, and she completely regarded herself as the same as the vast number of oppressed working people, and thus wrote many popular works.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="36" > conclusion</h1>
Ding Ling died on March 4, 1986, her life ups and downs. With more and more articles on the Internet describing her emotional experience, the public's impression of her is more of a female writer with a "tough love history". These words more or less imply that she is "unusual" in terms of feelings, and subtly shapes Ding Ling's "human design".
Ding Ling's later years
Ding Ling is not a person who only has emotional gossip and romantic legends, she used to be a dazzling female writer in Shanghai Beach, but also an independent woman who grew up in the new era, in that era when the status of women was not high, with her own efforts and talents, let everyone look at her; and now she is the representative of "avant-garde women" and the pioneer of the women's liberation movement.