#头条家时光 #
Text|Ichiba Zen'er
A wisp of ink
The Qin Dynasty, the first unified centralized state in Chinese history, was an era full of military fire.
The military development of the Qin Dynasty is a symbol of the development and progress of Chinese military history.
Through the evolution of the army, the improvement of weapons, and the ideological change, this paper briefly analyzes the enlightenment and value of the military of the Qin Dynasty to modern times.
The evolution of the military
In the Qin Dynasty, the evolution of the army from the initial period to the demise of the state underwent many reforms and developments.
Map of the Qin Dynasty
01: Army formation
After Qin Shi Huang unified the six countries, he launched a large-scale unification and establishment of military sources.
Qin Shi Huang abolished the vassal states and broke the power of cities that had been divided into the territories of the vassal states due to the division of the country.
At the same time, vigorously recruited troops, created new military camps, established the thirty-six counties of Beijing to divide the Tang Dynasty, re-established the centralized Qin Dynasty, and carried out a large number of unified reorganization of its army, ensuring the imperial court's control over the army.
The centralized system of the Qin Dynasty
02: Army establishment
The military establishment of the Qin Dynasty underwent many reforms, from the "three-service system" formed by the basic organization of the army to the "thousand-man system" and "10,000-person system" and other important army establishment reforms.
At the same time, the Qin Dynasty also implemented a strict identification system.
For example, the Imperial Historical Observatory will supervise the general's army soldiers, and conduct a strict evaluation and reward and punishment system for soldiers, so that the army will be more capable of fighting and organizing.
Qin Dynasty army animation simulation
03: Armament
When the Qin Dynasty implemented the "Weapons Law", it standardized and standardized the production and quality of weapons.
At the same time, the Qin Dynasty also made outstanding contributions to the invention of new weapons. For example, the heavy bows and arrows with long range and high power such as the "Qin crossbow" used in large quantities effectively improved the archery ability of the soldiers of the Qin Dynasty and gave the army more advantages in war.
In addition, the Qin Dynasty also strengthened its emphasis on military training, introduced the training method represented by sword dancing and jumping into the army, and improved the combat effectiveness and actual combat ability of the army through various means such as terrain simulation and honing war wisdom.
These training methods and means continuously improved the quality of soldiers and strengthened organizational capabilities, and also strengthened the Qin Dynasty's military competitive advantage.
Qin crossbow
The growth of the army of the Qin Dynasty demonstrated its development and progress in military affairs, and proved the depth and excellence of ancient Chinese military culture.
History of weapon improvement
After the Qin Dynasty army unified the six countries, it made a lot of efforts in the standardized production of weapons and equipment, soldier training and weapon improvement.
The history of military weapons improvement in the Qin Dynasty dates back to the early days of the Qin army, when the most common weapons equipped by the army were simple swords and firearms such as daggers, spears, and ge.
However, with the development of the Qin Dynasty, military science and technology continued to advance, and the military weapons of the Qin Dynasty were also continuously improved.
Qin Dynasty weapons
01: Bow and arrow improvement
First of all, the Qin Dynasty made great progress in the improvement of bows and arrows, inventing new arrows and crossbows, and achieving the peak of ancient Chinese bow and arrow shooting technology.
The breakthrough of Qin Dynasty crossbow technology and the mass manufacture and use of Qin crossbow made Qin Dynasty archers play an important role in the war, and also brought good economic benefits.
Qin crossbow structure diagram
02: Traditional weapons
Secondly, the Qin Dynasty also invented new weapons in addition to traditional weapons such as horns and drums, which greatly improved the combat effectiveness of the army.
Horns, drums, etc. can play a role in commanding, connecting and boosting morale on the battlefield, thereby quickly crushing the enemy army.
At the same time, the Qin Dynasty also continued to explore the refining technology of iron weapons, so that the quality of its weapons was gradually improved, such as strengthening the tip power of Ge and spear, increasing the reliability and durability of bronzes and crossbows, making the Qin Dynasty army more advantageous in war.
Qin dynasty weapons
03: Military food reform
In addition, in the adjustment of land development and military production layout, the Qin army also improved food armaments.
Its main manifestations are the unified system of weights and measures, the standardization of the amount of military grain equipment, and at the same time the improvement of the level of grain storage technology to ensure the supply and stability of military food.
Military food transportation
The history of the improvement of military weapons in the Qin Dynasty is a long and continuous process, the military weapons manufacturing technology of the Qin Dynasty has continued to progress, constantly transcending the limitations of the times, and the weapons manufacturing technology of the Qin Dynasty has also become an important milestone in ancient Chinese weapon manufacturing technology.
These improvements created more sophisticated and reliable Qin Dynasty army weapons, and further improved the army's combat effectiveness and organizational ability, and also had a profound impact on the progress of China's ancient weapons manufacturing industry and contemporary military science and technology research.
Changes in military thinking
The Qin Dynasty made important achievements in military affairs, but the changes in military thinking could not be ignored.
Before the establishment of the Qin Dynasty, China's military thought was mainly based on the "art of war", but in the Qin Dynasty, in order to strengthen national unity and military strength, Qin Shi Huang implemented a series of changes, not only reforming the organization and management of the army, but also promoting new military ideas.
Qin Dynasty army
01: Organization management
The Qin Dynasty adopted the idea of "institutionalized management" in which every battle was won.
The system of the three services being independent and each performing its own duties has been implemented, a linkage mechanism between the central and local armed forces has been established, and a unique military combat style of grasping fighters and fighting quick victories has been formed.
This is one of the important reasons why the Qin Dynasty became the first centralized army in Chinese history that could sustain long-term battles.
Qin Dynasty Legion Phalanx
02: Weapons and equipment
The Qin Dynasty adopted new weapons manufacturing techniques.
Taking into account the territorial situation in which weapons were used, the unified weights and measures system of the Qin State, and the guarantee of the supply of weapons manufacturing materials, new weapons such as the Qin crossbow were promoted.
It also developed military weapons such as guns and halberds, which fully embodied the idea of "taking advantage of soldiers and praising kings first".
Qin crossbow
03: Training tactics
In the training of soldiers and the development of tactics, the Qin Dynasty also made great progress.
For example, strict military discipline has been practiced, military exercises have been conducted frequently, and military merits have been praised for soldiers, with the aim of enhancing soldiers' combat effectiveness and morale.
At the same time, according to the form of war and the enemy's situation, different individual combat and soldiers' collective action tactics are adopted, so as to achieve the purpose of all-round strikes against the enemy.
Qin Dynasty army
In summary, these changes made the military strength of the Qin Dynasty inherit the traditions of the Central Plains dynasties, and break away from the long-term war and turmoil of the Central Plains Continent, and carry forward, laying a good foundation for the development of military science and technology in later generations.
Ancient influences and exploration
The military strength of the Qin Dynasty not only laid an important foundation for the rise of the Qin state and the unification of China, but also had a profound impact on the development of Chinese military thought and the development of ancient society.
Qin Dynasty army
01: Centralization
First, the military of the Qin Dynasty had an important impact on the unification of China.
After Qin Shi Huang unified the six kingdoms, the Qin army became the army that unified China, which not only effectively maintained the unity of the Qin Dynasty, but also laid the foundation for centralized power.
At the same time, the Qin Dynasty made the Qin army the most powerful army in China at that time by implementing reforms, recruiting suitable personnel, and improving weapons and equipment.
This powerful army also indirectly had a profound impact on the later imperial dynasties and the Chinese military, laying the framework for the formation and development of China's official army.
Centralized
02: Army quality
Second, the military of the Qin Dynasty had a positive impact on the organization, discipline, and norms of ancient society.
The Qin Dynasty army practiced a centralized military system, created new military ideas such as victory in a hundred battles and "institutionalized management", carried out a series of reforms in organization and management, and achieved remarkable results.
These reform measures not only enhanced the combat effectiveness of the Qin army, but also laid a good foundation for China's military development later.
At the same time, the Qin Dynasty had strict regulations, paid attention to discipline and morale, comprehensively regulated and restrained soldiers, cultivated soldiers with a high degree of discipline and sense of responsibility, and formed the military style of strict discipline, courage and courage of the Qin State.
The army of the Terracotta Army of the Qin Dynasty
03: Tactical equipment
The military of the Qin Dynasty also had an important impact on ancient society in terms of weapons and equipment manufacturing technology, operational tactics, training methods, and military discipline.
In terms of weapons and equipment, the Qin Dynasty promoted new weapons such as guns and halberds, laying the foundation for the development of China's military science and technology.
In terms of operational tactics, the Qin Dynasty adopted different individual combat and soldier collective action tactics, which also had a profound impact on the development of Chinese military tactics.
Qin dynasty weapons
In short, the reform of military thought and military system in the Qin Dynasty, through the unification of China, the establishment of centralized power, the standardization of the army and the improvement of military technology, injected a strong impetus into the development of ancient Chinese society, and also laid an important foundation for the later development of Chinese military thought and military culture.
Modern revelations and values
The enlightenment and value of the military of the Qin Dynasty to modern society are manifold.
The major changes, innovations and development of the Qin Dynasty in the military field have provided many useful enlightenments and references for the military construction and development of modern society.
Qin Dynasty army
01: National unification
First of all, the military impact of the Qin Dynasty on the centralization of power, national security, and military modernization in modern society is extremely significant.
During Qin Shi Huang's war of unification, he actively introduced talents, improved weapons, implemented such institutional paradigms as sharing happiness and hardship among generals and soldiers, and innovated and innovated in the organization and leadership of the armed forces and measures for military-civilian relations, thus effectively enhancing the combat effectiveness of the armed forces.
This has provided good enlightenment for the modern military to absorb new technologies, improve the modern governance system, and ensure national security.
Qin Dynasty War
02: Military research and development
The military of the Qin Dynasty also has many references and enlightenments for the research and development of weapons and equipment, the exploration of operational laws and the cultivation of soldiers' quality in modern society.
The Qin Dynasty was one of the important inventors and innovators in China's military history, not only putting forward the idea that "a soldier dies for a confidant, and a woman is a woman who pleases herself", but also further developed new weapons such as "halberds", "guns", and "heavy crossbow iron armor".
And in-depth exploration of operational tactics, training methods, etc., these experiences can provide reference for the sustainable development of modern warfare.
Qin Dynasty army
03: Innovative education
The influence of the Qin Dynasty's military on the innovative spirit, educational ideology and discipline construction of modern society is also worth learning.
The Qin Dynasty army popularized a strict discipline system, requiring soldiers to follow a certain discipline, organization and unity in training and combat, thus forming a strong organization and discipline.
These ideas and systems have important reference value for economic and social administration, enterprise discipline construction, and school education management.
Sculpture of Qin Shi Huang
04: National defense culture
The military of the Qin Dynasty had a profound impact on traditional Chinese culture, national defense education, and international exchanges.
Qin Shi Huang paid attention to "strategy" and "national defense", actively advocated the idea of national barriers, and passed down through thousands of years to form the national defense spirit of the Chinese nation.
At the same time, the Qin Dynasty also opened a new path in foreign policy, laying the cornerstone of China's international stage in Eurasia. These ideas and experiences have important guiding significance for China's cultural inheritance and national defense construction today.
Qin Dynasty (Distant Friendship and Close Attack)
To sum up, the enlightenment and value of the Qin Dynasty's military to modern society is comprehensive.
Including centralization, national security, modernization of military management, research and development of weapons and equipment, exploration of operational laws, soldier quality training, innovative spirit, educational thinking, discipline building, international exchanges, cultural inheritance, etc., it has provided useful knowledge and experience for the construction and development of modern society.
Author's point of view
The process of unifying the world by the Qin state not only provided eclectic military ideas for the later study of soldiers, but also brought about great changes in Chinese society that changed customs and customs.
Through the study and reflection on the military history of the Qin Dynasty, we can find many enlightenments and warnings:
First of all, how to ensure the unified power and governance of the country is an eternal issue. In ancient Chinese culture, there was the view that "in all fairness, there is no other way to govern the country". The unification of the Qin Dynasty was inseparable from a strong centralized power.
Qin Shi Huang
However, Qin Shi Huang's tyranny, harsh laws, and worship of legalists also cast a shadow on the economic and political aspects of the entire dynasty, which eventually led to the short history of the Qin Dynasty.
The history of the Qin Dynasty tells us that the concentration of power must be combined with the principles of the rule of law, democracy, and specialization in order to ensure the long-term stability of the country.
Second, the construction of a military power must pay attention to modernization and innovation. The Qin Dynasty laid an important foundation in China's military history, but this does not mean that we can draw inspiration from the military thinking of the Qin Dynasty while keeping today's strategy and national interests unchanged.
Military modernization and scientific and technological innovation are the keys to pursuing and consolidating national security and maintaining peace, which requires us to continue to promote the frontier of education and scientific and technological innovation in order to more effectively cope with future challenges.
Qin Dynasty
Looking back on history, continuing inheritance, and looking forward to the future, the military history of the Qin Dynasty, as a part of our nation, has brought us profound and unforgettable enlightenment.
Only through profound reflection and summary of history can we find a way out of the problem.
History is always changing and forging ahead, and we hope to grasp the enterprising spirit, context and direction and contribute unique strength to China's future and world development.
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Resources:
History of China's Military System through the Ages, Qian Mu
The Wisdom of the Art of War of Ancient Chinese Military Experts, Liu Su
"Terracotta Army of the First Emperor of Qin", Feng Tang
"Qin-Han War", Li Lianbao, Tang Mingyue
"The Rise of the Qin and Han Empire", Liu Zaiguang
History of Ancient Chinese War, Liu Xun