Astronomical telescope is one of the important tools for human observation of the universe, what is its observation distance? The answer to this question is not simple, as it depends on a variety of factors, including the telescope's aperture, specular mass, viewing band, and location.
First of all, the aperture of the telescope is one of the most important factors affecting the observation distance. The larger the telescope's aperture, the greater the number of photons that can be gathered, which means that the observed object is fainter and more distant. The Hubble Space Telescope in the United States uses its huge 2.4-meter aperture to accurately measure extrasolar planets. In contrast, astronomical telescopes with an aperture of about 1 m can usually observe stars just a few light-years from Earth.
Secondly, the antenna receiving area of the telescope, the sensitivity and resolution of the antenna, etc. are also related to the observation distance. For example, radio telescopes can often be used to detect distant galaxies and stars because their receiving antennas are large and can receive fainter radio signals. In human history, the 500-meter-diameter $1.5 billion FAST radio telescope has observed cosmic background interference radiation signals 10 billion light-years away.
In addition, the observed band is also very important. Although optical telescopes can only observe objects in the visible range, telescopes in other bands also have unique advantages. For example, gamma-ray telescopes can detect high-energy cosmic rays, which are not possible with conventional optical telescopes. As a result, it can observe high-energy cosmic phenomena that are even tens of billions of light-years away from Earth.
Finally, whether observations can see distant objects is also related to the location and timing of observations. If a telescope selects an area on Earth's surface free of weather interference and light pollution, it will be able to see more distant objects. At the same time, the timing of the telescope's observation also needs to be accurately grasped. For example, some celestial bodies emit light signals at the energy peak of electromagnetic waves, which requires that their light signal beams should be observed in a specific part of the Earth as they fly over the Earth.
In summary, the observation distance of astronomical telescopes is related to a variety of factors, including the aperture, band, antenna sensitivity and observation timing of the telescope. At present, we have used various telescopes to observe distant objects such as galaxies trillion light-years away and the afterglow of the Big Bang. With the continuous development of technology, it is believed that the vision of human beings observing the universe will be broader.
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