Chengdu Pesticide Reduction and Pest Control Technical Manual
Editor's Note
With the improvement of living standards, the people are paying more and more attention to food safety, and increasing the supply of green and high-quality agricultural products is not only the demand for agricultural supply-side reform, but also the need to ensure food safety from the source. In order to implement the strategy of rural revitalization, implement the concept of green development, and promote "green agriculture, quality agriculture", the city's plant protection work takes "prevention as the mainstay, comprehensive prevention and control" as the policy, in accordance with the overall requirements of "one control, two reductions and three basics", with pesticide reduction and harm control technology as the starting point, and characteristic advantageous crops as the carrier, in-depth implementation of pesticide reduction and harm control actions, effectively ensuring the quality and safety of agricultural products, boosting the prosperity of the industry, and increasing the income of farmers. In recent years, the green prevention and control of crop diseases and insect pests in our city has condensed the painstaking efforts of plant protection workers in the city from a single technology to the assembly integration and optimization application, from the comprehensive prevention and control of production to the green integration and development of the whole process.
Chengdu Plant Quarantine Station organized the backbone of the city's plant protection technology, compiled the "Chengdu Pesticide Reduction and Pest Control Technology Manual", which is divided into three parts: "Pesticide Reduction and Pest Control Core Technology", "Characteristic Advantageous Crop Reduction and Control Integrated Technology" and "Regulations on the Use of Pesticides in Laws and Regulations", hoping that the majority of growers will choose to use according to the actual industry, improve the quality of agricultural products, protect the agricultural ecological environment, and ensure the safety of consumers' tongues.
directory
The first part of the core technology of pesticide reduction and pest control
First, cleaning pastoral technology
Second, soil treatment technology
Third, seed treatment technology
Fourth, ecological regulation technology
Fifth, rain shelter cultivation technology
Sixth, two networks (insect net, shade net) coverage technology
Seven, agricultural film (ground cloth) covering technology
8. Fruit bagging technology
9. Fruit tree drying technology
10. Swatch (belt) booby trap technology
11. Sexual seduction booby trap technology
12. Light booby trap technology
13. Food booby-trap techniques
14. Bionic booby-trapping technology
Fifteen, predators release technology
16. Bee pollination technology
17. Immuno-induced resistance technology
XVIII. Biological pesticide prevention and control technology
19. Scientific drug use technology
The second part is the integrated technology of reducing and controlling the harm of the characteristic advantageous crops
First, rice pesticide reduction and pest control integrated technology
Second, vegetable pesticide reduction and control integrated technology
Third, edible mushroom pesticide reduction and control integrated technology
Fourth, citrus pesticide reduction and control integrated technology
Fifth, kiwi fruit pesticide reduction and control integrated technology
Sixth, grape reduction and pest control integrated technology
Seven, peach pesticide reduction and control integrated technology
Eighth, strawberry pesticide reduction and control integrated technology
9. Integrated technology for reducing and controlling the harm of loquat pesticides
10. Integrated technology for reducing and controlling harm of tea pesticides
<h1 toutiao-origin="h1" > the core technology of pesticide reduction and control in the first part</h1>
Crop pest control is an important part of agricultural production, after repeated exploration and practical application, screening out 19 kinds of pesticide reduction and pest control technology with high application rate and remarkable effect, this manual lists the prevention and control purposes, operation methods and precautions of each technology, for the majority of growers to choose to use, in order to achieve the best results.
<h2 toutiao-origin="h2" > first, clean pastoral technology</h2>
(1) Purpose of prevention and control
Agricultural pastoral clean production is the whole process of prenatal, production and postpartum throughout the entire agricultural production activities, and the diseased and disabled tissues are not only the main wintering or summering places of diseases and insects, but also the source of the spread of diseases and insects. Therefore, it is necessary to correctly deal with the residues of plants with diseases and insects such as weeds, diseased leaves, and diseased fruits in the park, and effectively cut off the source of disease and insect transmission.
(2) Methods of operation
1. High temperature simple pile. The plant remnants are stacked in a sunny, flat, slightly above the ground level, covered with shed film and compacted around the high-temperature fermentation pile to kill the diseases and insects carried by the remnants. According to the weather to determine the time of the pile, generally 1 to 2 months, to be fully fermented after the use of organic fertilizer.
2. Ozone treatment. After the end of production, the plant residue is sent to the ozone garbage disposal truck, after the residue is crushed, the ozone disinfection can kill all the diseases and insects carried by the residue in 0.5 to 2 hours, and the disinfected organic waste can also be returned to the field on the spot.
(iii) Precautions
Plant remnants need to be fully decomposed to avoid the re-transmission of pests and diseases.
<h2 toutiao-origin="h2" > second, soil treatment technology</h2>
Soil treatment is a technology that efficiently and quickly kills fungi, bacteria, nematodes, soil-borne viruses, underground pests, etc. in the soil, which can effectively reduce the base of disease and insect pest occurrence.
1. Spraying or watering method. The agent is diluted with water to a certain concentration, sprayed on the surface of the soil with a sprayer, or directly irrigated into the soil, so that the liquid penetrates into the deep soil and kills harmful organisms.
2. Poisonous soil law. The potion is first formulated into poisonous soil and then applied. The preparation method of poisonous soil is to mix pesticides with fine soil with a certain humidity in proportion to the production. The methods of application of poisonous soil are ditch, hole and scatter.
3. Fumigation method. The fumigant is injected into the soil by means of a soil syringe or soil disinfection machine, and a cover such as a film is covered on the surface of the soil, which is spread in a closed or semi-enclosed facility to kill harmful organisms.
4. High temperature and stuffiness. In the summer stubble period, deep soil and flooding, after the water naturally dried, the surface of the box is covered with a film, compacted tightly around, generally stuffy for more than a week, killing harmful organisms in the soil.
(3) Precautions
The spraying treatment soil is suitable for field, seedling nutrient soil, etc. The irrigation method is suitable for irrigation of fruit trees, melons, solanum fruit crops and the disinfection of seedbeds of various crops. After the soil is fumigated, it can only be sown after the agent is fully dispersed, otherwise, it is easy to produce medicinal harm.
<h2 toutiao-origin="h2" > third, seed treatment technology</h2>
Pathogens and viruses are often latent or mixed on the surface of seeds and inside the epidermis of seeds, spreading to the field with seeds, or causing harm in the process of crop germination, emergence and growth. Seed treatment technology can eliminate germs and viruses before going to the field, cultivate strong seedlings, reduce pests and diseases, save the use of pesticides, and achieve the effect of doing more with less.
1. Non-pharmaceutical treatment technology: Non-medicinal treatment technology includes dry heat treatment, warm soup soaking, etc., and can also be dried and selected. (1) Dry heat treatment: The seeds that need dry heat treatment are placed in a drying box at 70 °C for 3 to 4 days or sown in the sun. (2) Warm soup soaking seeds: put the seeds that need to be soaked in warm soup into 55 °C warm water, continuously stir for 15 minutes, after natural cooling and cooling, soak the seeds for 4 to 6 hours; or directly use 55 °C warm water to soak the seeds continuously, and continuously add hot water as the water temperature decreases, so that the water temperature is stable at 53 ~ 56 ° C, the duration is 15 to 30 minutes, and the stirring needs to be in one direction.
2. Pharmaceutical treatment: Pharmaceutical treatment technology includes seed coating agent, pharmaceutical seed mixing and pharmaceutical impregnation.
(1) Seed coating agent: for field crops, priority is given to seed sowing with seed coating agent, which is a type of preparation for seed coating and film-forming characteristics, which expands and breathes in the soil in the soil without being dissolved, and the seeds can germinate normally. (2) Pharmaceutical seeding: For different crops, target diseases and insects, select the right way agent, operate according to the instructions for use, so that each seed evenly adheres to a layer of agent, usually used before sowing. (3) Pharmaceutical impregnation seeds: For different crops, the right way agent is selected to dilute the agent with water into a certain concentration, the seeds are immersed in the liquid for an appropriate amount of time, and then rinsed with water, dried the water on the surface of the seeds, and then sown.
Coated seeds are no longer subject to other treatment techniques. According to the characteristics of different seeds, the corresponding treatment technology is selected according to the specificity.
<h2 toutiao-origin="h2" >4. Ecological regulation technology</h2>
The farmland ecosystem is an organic whole. According to the basic principles of ecology and ecological regulation, the food chain and food network of ecosystems and their crops ~ pests - natural enemies are reasonably regulated and controlled, so as to achieve the purpose of continuous regulation of the main pests in farmland. The use of farmland ecological regulation technology for comprehensive prevention and control can reduce the number of drugs, improve the effect of prevention and control, protect the environment and beneficial organisms, reduce the cost of prevention and control, improve the quality of agricultural products, and increase economic benefits.
1. Scientific and reasonable rotation. Crop rotation can rationally use soil fertility, control diseases, insects and weeds, improve soil physical and chemical properties, and make crops grow in a good soil environment. Such as water and drought rotation, heterogeneous rotation and so on.
2. Diversity planting. The diversified planting technology makes full use of the spatial efficiency of the field through the collocation of tall and low crops, and the light receiving area of the field crops is greatly increased, the photosynthesis is enhanced, and the field permeability is good, thereby greatly reducing the incidence of diseases and insect pests. The use of biodiversity planting technology has different degrees of control effect on crop diseases and pests. Such as rice mixed glutinous planting technology, vegetable cropping, tea (medicine) forest mixed cropping, orchard grass, understory planting, etc.
3. Ecological management system of field pests. Plant pest-inducing plants around the farmland or plant avoidance plants in the field to reduce the occurrence of farmland pests; plant nectar source plants and habitat plants of natural enemies around the farmland, orchard grass cultivation, etc., to provide a place for natural enemies to overwinter and colonize; through comprehensive rice field cultivation, reduce the occurrence of diseases and insects, increase the economic added value of farmland, and improve economic efficiency.
(3) Precautions.
Attention should be paid to the antagonistic contradictions between different biodiversity technologies.
<h2 toutiao-origin="h2" > five, rain shelter cultivation technology</h2>
By building intelligent greenhouses, steel frame greenhouses, simple greenhouses and other shelters to cover the invasion of wind and rain, reduce the pests and diseases, and achieve the purpose of reducing the amount of harm.
According to different crops, the construction of suitable greenhouses to avoid rain, combined with other technical measures, can significantly reduce pests and diseases and improve crop quality.
(3) Precautions
Strengthen management and keep the field ventilated and transparent.
< h2 toutiao-origin="h2" > six, two nets (insect net, shade net) coverage technology</h2>
Insect net coverage is to cover the trellis with insect nets to build artificial isolation barriers and cut off the transmission and reproduction of pests. Shade net is mainly used in summer, the main role is to prevent the sun exposure, prevent the impact of heavy rain, prevent high temperature to induce diseases, and prevent the migration and spread of diseases and insects.
1. Trellis cover. Greenhouse coverage, the insect net can be directly covered on the trellis, compacted around, the trellis is pressed with a pressed film line, leaving the main door of the greenhouse uncovered, easy to enter the shed operation. The small arch shed is covered, and the insect-proof net can be covered on the top surface of the arch frame, and the surrounding area is tightly covered, and the fully enclosed cover is implemented. Shade nets are draped over the roof of the shed in the summer heat.
2. Floating surface coverage. In the summer and autumn high temperature season, immediately after sowing, the insect net is fully covered on the furrow surface, which can not only prevent insects, but also play a role in shading, cooling, moisturizing, and preventing rainstorms.
1. Soil treatment and chemical weeding before mulching. Kills bacteria and pests that remain in the soil and blocks the transmission route of pests. The insect net should be compacted around the perimeter to prevent pests from sneaking in and laying eggs.
2. Keep it safe. After the end of field use, the insect-proof net and shade net should be recovered, washed, dried, rolled and stored in time to extend its service life.
< h2 toutiao-origin="h2" >7, agricultural film (ground cloth) covering technology</h2>
In addition to the role of insulation, water retention and fertilizer retention, agricultural film (ground cloth) covering technology also has the effect of inhibiting weed growth, reducing disease, avoiding pests, and improving crop quality.
According to the local natural conditions, crop types, production seasons, cultivation habits and pest control types, different mulching methods and colors are selected.
Use agricultural film (ground cloth) to cover and pay attention to recycling to avoid soil pollution caused by impurity.
<h2 toutiao-origin="h2" >8, fruit bagging technology</h2>
In order to prevent the fruit from being attacked by birds, diseases and insect pests and damage from wind and rain and sunlight when it is close to maturity, it can also isolate the erosion of the fruit by environmental pollution, so that the fruit will not be scratched by branches during the growth process, so as to achieve the purpose of improving quality.
Choose the appropriate time to bag the fruit, carefully remove the petals and other debris attached to the fruit, put the fruit handle at the base of the bag after putting the fruit, tie the bundle of wire tightly to the mouth of the bag, so that the fruit is in the center of the bag, suspended in the bag, to prevent the bag from rubbing the fruit surface, do not wrap the bundle wire on the fruit handle.
1. Spray the fruit before bagging, wait for the liquid to dry, and try to spray the fruit on the same day.
2. When bagging, the direction of force should always be upward, so as not to pull off the fruit, the force should be light, try not to touch the young fruit, and the mouth of the bag should also be tightened, so as not to allow pests to crawl into the bag to harm the fruit and prevent the paper bag from being blown off by the wind.
<h2 toutiao-origin="h2" > nine, fruit tree drying technology</h2>
The use of manual brushing or spraying machine to spray fruit tree trunks to form a layer of tight protective film coating, play a role in blocking the invasion of diseases and insects, reducing frost damage and disease and insect hazards.
Manual brushing or spraying machine is used to spray the liquid evenly into the trunk and the middle of the main branch to the depth of the seam to form a dense protective film.
Usually used during winter administration.
<h2 toutiao-origin="h2" >0, swatch (belt) booby trap technique</h2>
Trap small pests such as winged aphids, whiteflies, whitefly, spotted flies, and thrips. The yellow insect trap board is mainly used to trap winged aphids, whiteflies, smoke whitefly, spotted fly, etc., and the blue worm trap plate is mainly used to trap thrips.
1. Use time: the initial stage of pest occurrence
2, the use of height: according to different crops and target pests, choose the appropriate height for suspension.
3, the number of use: generally per acre with about 20 ~ 30 sheets, when the amount of insects is larger, appropriately increased.
Strengthen inspection, replace in time, and properly recycle.
<h2 toutiao-origin="h2" >11, sexual trapping techniques</h2>
Sexual attraction technology is a method of artificially releasing information substances that lure male insects to courtship and mating according to the reproductive characteristics of pests to trap or interfere with the normal reproduction of pests, thereby controlling the number of pests. Sexual trapping and trapping insects have the advantages of no pollution, simple and labor-saving, single-minded prevention and control objects, and no harm to natural enemies.
1. Period of use: It is used when the population density of insects is relatively low in the early stage of pest occurrence or before the occurrence of adult insects, that is, it is used in the overwintering generation of pests or the initial appearance of adult insects in a generation.
2. Placement density: Place 1 to 5 sets per acre according to the target pest, and place it evenly in the field. Place 1 sexual core inside each trap.
3. Suspension height: Choose the appropriate height according to different crops and control objects.
4, sexual core preservation and use: sexual core needs to be stored at low temperature in 0 ~ 5 ° C environment, to avoid high temperature exposure, before use before opening the sealed bag. Due to the high sensitivity of sexual attractants, the installation of lure cores of different kinds of pests requires hand washing to avoid contamination. Usually the core is changed once a month or so.
1. There are many shapes, sizes and types of sex traps, and the most suitable sex traps should be selected according to the types of pests.
2. It is necessary to set the trap in strict accordance with the height and quantity of the sex trap, and place the lure core.
3. Pay attention to cleaning up the dead insects in the trap in a timely manner, and the collected pests are buried in a concentrated manner. Traps can be reused, and attention should not be recycled for reuse.
<h2 toutiao-origin="h2" >12, light booby trap technology</h2>
Taking advantage of the phototropism of pests, trap and kill pests such as Lepidoptera and Coleoptera, and reduce the population base of insects.
Insecticidal lamps should be placed in the center of the field (park) and in a flat position, and there must be no tall buildings, dense forests and other objects around the insecticidal lamps to hinder the transmission of light. After the insecticidal lamp is placed, the lighting time is set according to the lighting behavior of the pest. There are three main methods for the layout of insecticidal lamps: checkerboard, closed-loop, and small zigzag layout. Each insecticidal lamp covers about 30 to 100 acres according to the terrain and power.
1. The slain pest body naturally falls into the collection bag (bottle), and the insect body should be checked regularly and the insect body should be removed centrally.
2. Set up safety warning signs in a conspicuous position.
3. In order to protect natural enemies, reasonably set the time for switching on and off the lights.
<h2 toutiao-origin="h2" > thirteen food booby trap techniques</h2>
The use of orange large, small fruit flies, fruit flies, melon flies, spotted fly, bean pod borer, nocturnal moths and other pests need to supplement nutrition after feathering to trap and reduce the insect population base.
1. Booby trap time. From May to November, booby-traps are carried out in the prime of adult insects such as orange large, small fruit flies, melon flies, spotted diving flies, pod borers, and nocturnal moths.
2. Booby trap method. (1) Point spray booby trap, spray 10 points per mu, 0.5 square meters per point, spray on the back of the shady side leaf with dense branches and leaves in the middle of the fruit tree, with more results, it is appropriate to wet the leaf surface and not drop, and the fruit trees near the miscellaneous woods and bamboo forests should be sprayed with emphasis; (2) Sweet and sour liquid booby traps can adjust the proportion of sugar, vinegar, wine, water and medicine according to the pest species and feeding preferences as appropriate.
Pay attention to the safety of people and animals.
<h2 toutiao-origin="h2" > 14</h2>
Taking advantage of the characteristics of adult orange and small fruit fly that like to lay eggs on dominant fruits, bionic balls are placed on fruit trees to trap insects.
From May to November, hang the ball, depending on the size of the canopy, 1 ball per 1 to 2 fruit trees. In the tree height of 2/3, good line of sight position hanging balls, high shade of the orchard, should be appropriately increased the number of hanging balls, while in the hanging ball position to do appropriate treatment, to create a bright environment, improve the booby trap effect.
Replace the new ball in time, and the used bionic ball should be properly recycled.
< h2 toutiao-origin="h2" > fifteen, predator release technology</h2>
Natural enemy insects are a type of parasitic or predatory insects, which can be applied to control the development and spread of pests in farmland to reduce environmental pollution and maintain ecological balance.
1. Whiteflies. Predator species: Aphid wasps, smoke blind bugs, etc.; release technology: early release of pests, continuous release 2 to 5 times.
2. Pest mites. Natural enemy varieties: pasteurized blunt mite, courgette blunt mite, etc.; release technology: released after 10 days in Qingyuan, in each leaf there are 1 to 2 pest mites with the best effect.
3. Aphids. Predator species: heterochromatic ladybirds, aphid cocoon bees, etc.; Release technology: pest release at the beginning of occurrence, released 3 times in a row.
4. Thrips. Natural enemy species: East Asian small flower bug, pasteurized blunt mite, etc.; release technology: early release of pests, continuous release 2 to 5 times.
5. Lepidoptera pests. Natural enemy species: borer yellow red-eyed bee, pine caterpillar red-eyed bee, corn borer red-eyed bee, etc.; release technology: pest early release, continuous release 3 to 4 times.
1. Pay attention to the cultivation of raw grass to provide a habitat for natural enemies.
2. Carefully choose prevention and treatment agents.
3. The release of natural enemy insects should prevent direct sunlight or rain from washing.
<h2 toutiao-origin="h2" > sixteen, bee pollination technology</h2>
Bees are the main pollinators of flowering plants. Bee pollination refers to the process of spreading pollen through the medium of bees, so that plants can achieve pollination and fertilization. Bee pollination technology is one of the important supporting measures for agricultural production. At present, bee pollination in our city is mainly used for rapeseed, strawberries, loquat, kiwi fruit and other crops. The natural shedding of petals after insect pollination can reduce the occurrence of gray mold, reduce the use of chemical pesticides and hormones, and reduce the pollution of chemical pesticides to the environment.
1. Bee species. Select suitable local bee species, choose cold-tolerant, breeding ability of strong bee species, the current commonly used in the bee, the bee, bumblebee and so on.
2. Rapeseed bee pollination technology. The number of bees in the rape field is: a strong colony of bees with 15 boxes of bees can bear 3 to 6 acres of rape fields. The swarm is placed in the center of the plot as much as possible to reduce the radius of the bees. Pollen should be harvested in time to increase the enthusiasm of bees to visit flowers. Since rapeseed honey powder is relatively abundant, during the pollination of bees, it is enough to ensure a clean supply of drinking water.
3. Strawberry and watermelon bee pollination technology. The requirement for a colony is to have a healthy queen bee, 3 standard nest spleens, and a large number of larvae and sub-spleens. Bees are released when 5% of the plants are in bloom, and they enter the shed in the evening, and the density is about 6000 to 8000 /mu. The duration is 5 to 6 months for strawberries and about 10 days for watermelon. The hive should be placed 50 to 80 cm from the ground, and the beehive mouth should be placed in the middle of the eastern part of the greenhouse facing east and west. Pollination temperature is 15 ~ 30 °C, in winter when the temperature is low (below 5 °C), pay attention to insulation, bee hive covered with felt and other insulation. Humidity control 50% to 80%. Place a feeding container at or near the top of the hive, continuous water, add five thousandths of salt to the water; sugar liquid is generally fed once a half a month, and 1 kg of sucrose is boiled with 0.5 to 0.6 kg of water. If the greenhouse is used, the shed air outlet needs to be covered with insect nets.
1, bees are very sensitive to most pesticides, most of the insecticides are toxic to bees, spray pesticides should pay attention to the protection of bees.
2. Avoid using the armyworm board during bee release.
<h2 toutiao-origin="h2" > seventeen, immuno-induced anti-resistance technology</h2>
Plant immuno-induced technology is a technique that improves crop autoimmunity through plant immune-inducing agents. Activate the immune system in the plant, improve the disease resistance of the plant, thereby reducing the occurrence of diseases and achieving a reduction in the amount of chemical pesticides.
At present, typical products that are more used in production include amino oligosaccharides, chitosans, s-susceptible hormones and so on. At present, a variety of mature products have been registered, and they can be used in accordance with the relevant product operation methods.
Plant immuno-inducing inhibitors are mainly preventive, and the effect is better in the early stage of the onset of diseases and insect pests, and in case of extreme weather, disease and pest outbreaks, they need to be used in combination with other agents.
<h2 toutiao-origin="h2" >18, biopesticide control technology</h2>
Biopesticide control technology can effectively reduce the use of chemical pesticides, improve the quality and safety of agricultural products, and protect the ecological environment.
Biologically source insecticidal acaricides mainly include Thuringiensis, karyotype polykeratovirus, white zombie bacteria, Liuyangmycin, neem, rotenone, matrine, etc.; fungicides such as Jinggangmycin, Bacillus subtilis, rhythromycin, polyanthrycin, etc.; biological-derived antiviral agents such as ningnanmycin, shiitake polysaccharides, etc., can be used in accordance with the relevant product operation methods.
1. Suitable temperature and humidity are conducive to the prevention and control effect of biological pesticides.
2. Biopesticides need to avoid ultraviolet rays.
3. It is necessary to mix with caution.
<h2 toutiao-origin="h2" > nineteen, scientific drug technology</h2>
Choose high-efficiency, low-toxicity, low-residue pesticides, pay attention to appropriate medication, symptomatic medication, appropriate medication, and select high-efficiency plant protection equipment to reduce the number of applications, reduce the dosage of pesticides, reduce pesticide loss, improve the prevention and control effect, and achieve the purpose of pesticide reduction and harm control.
1. Follow the label instructions. The administration is carried out according to the amount (concentration), number of applications, application methods and precautions for administration specified on the label. It is used in accordance with the provisions of the state prohibiting and restricting the use of pesticides.
2. Scientific rotation and alternating medication. For the same kind of disease or insect, the rotation of several or several types of symptomatic pesticides can avoid or delay the resistance of diseases and insects.
3. Comply with the safety interval. Pesticide safety interval refers to the number of days from the last application to the harvest of the crop, that is, the number of days before harvest when the use of pesticides is prohibited. In order to ensure that the residues of agricultural products do not exceed the standard, they cannot be harvested during the safety interval period.
4. Scientific selection of efficient plant protection equipment. According to the geographical conditions of crops and fields, select suitable and efficient plant protection equipment, such as spray rod sprayer, plant protection drone, wind mist removal machine, stretcher sprayer, piggyback motorized sprayer, electrostatic sprayer, etc.
1. In accordance with the "Regulations on the Administration of Pesticides", it is strictly forbidden to use pesticides in the protected areas of drinking water sources, and pesticides, pesticide packaging or cleaning and application equipment shall not be discarded in the protection areas of drinking water sources or rivers.
2. Recycling of pesticide packaging waste. Pesticide packaging waste should be rinsed 3 times, properly stored, to prevent contact between children and livestock, and harmless treatment.
3. Pay attention to the safety of people and animals.
< h1 toutiao-origin="h1" > the second part</h1>
<h1 toutiao-origin="h1" > integrated technology for reducing and controlling harm of crops with special advantages</h1>
Pengzhou vegetables, Pujiang citrus, Dujiangyan kiwifruit, tea, Longquan peach, Shuangliu winter strawberry, Jintang navel orange, Wenjiang garlic, Pidu leek and other advantageous characteristic industries are well-known throughout the country and even exported abroad, favored by the majority of consumers, which benefit from standardized, large-scale, specialized production level and its high-quality, ecological and safe agricultural products. In recent years, the city has been committed to the promotion and application of pesticide reduction and pest control technologies for characteristic advantageous crops in different growth periods, and has made outstanding contributions to creating green and high-quality agricultural products.
<h2 toutiao-origin="h2" > first, rice pesticide reduction and control integrated technology</h2>
1. Choose high-quality and disease-resistant insect-resistant varieties.
Select varieties with strong (resistance) to diseases and insects, wide adaptability, excellent rice quality and great potential for increasing yield, eliminate varieties with poor resistance, susceptible diseases, and timely rotation of varieties with long planting years.
2. Seed treatment technology.
If the seeds are not coated, they must be soaked: before sowing, soak them with water for 24 to 48 hours with water to prevent seedlings and malignant seedlings.
3. Insecticidal lamp booby-trapping technology.
In April to August, install an insecticidal lamp according to 30 to 100 acres, install a height of 1.5 to 2 meters, turn on the lights at 20 to 24 o'clock every day, and trap and kill phototropic pests such as borers.
4. Sexual seduction booby trap technology.
Starting from late April, at the beginning of adult feathering, a set of borer pheromone traps are hung per acre to trap male adults, and the cores are replaced once every 30 days to deal with the trapped insects in time. It was not until early July that the second generation of adult insects was feathered.
5. Scientific drug use technology.
(1) Transplanting with medicine: 3 to 5 days before transplanting, spray seedlings with tricyclazole, thiamethoxazine, chlorhexabenamide, etc. to prevent rice blast, control rice thrips, borers, etc.
(2) A generation of borer-based early pest control: Honda, which transplanted earlier, selected tricyclazole, chlorhexabenzamide, etc. to prevent rice blast and control borers.
(3) Second-generation borer-based panicle stage pest control: 5-7 days before the rice rupture, bacillus subtilis, difenethocyclazole • propaconazole, etc. are selected to prevent aspergillosis, which can also treat striated blight; tricyclazole and imidamine are selected to prevent panicle neck plague in the early stage of rice breakage; sweet core • Thuringienus, kale nocturnal moth nuclear polykeratovirus, tetrachlorospermum amide and other control borers are selected.
(4) Emergency prevention and control: closely monitor the two migratory pests of rice planthopper and rice longitudinal leaf borer at the ear stage, and if the control indicators are reached, highly effective agents such as prazidazone, alenazeramine and thiamethoxazine are selected for control.
Table 1 Recommended table of commonly used pesticides for rice diseases and insect pests
Pest and disease names
Pesticide name
Rice blast
Chrysomycin, Bacillus cereus, tricyclazole, triazol, azoxystrobin, imidamin, oryzalin
Striated blight
Bacillus cereus, wellgangmycin, Bacillus subtilis, thiofuranamide, propiconazole, fluconazole, diphenethiconazole, pentanozol
Rice aspergillosis
Jinggangmycin, Jinggang Subtilis, benzo propiconazole, pentazole, fluconazole, imidamidamine, nitrilebenzole, oximester, thiofuranamide
Borer
Bacillus thuringiensis, methylaminoavermectin, chlorhexensis benzamide, tetrachlorofenamide
Rice thrips
Ethyl polybactericide, thiamethoxazine, imidacloprid
Fushou snail
Spironine ethanolamine salt, spironylamine, tetraacetaldehyde
Rice longitudinal curl leaf borer
Bacillus thuringiensis, methylaminoavermectin, chlorhexensis benzamide, indanox
Rice planthopper
Imidacloprid, pyriazone, thiamethoxazine, thiazinone, acetamiprid
<h2 toutiao-origin="h2" > second, vegetable pesticide reduction and control integrated technology</h2>
1. Disease-free and insect-free seedling technology.
Cultivating disease-free and robust seedlings is the first step in obtaining high quality and high yield of vegetables, and it is also the first step in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. First, according to the characteristics of the occurrence of diseases and insects, select varieties with strong resistance (resistance) to diseases and insects and adapt to the local climate, eliminate varieties with poor resistance and susceptible diseases, and timely rotate varieties with long planting years. The second is seed treatment. Seeds should be coated. Uncoated seeds are soaked or mixed with imidaminamine, carbendazim, etc. before sowing. The third is to disinfect the substrate of the seedbed and the surface of the shed to ensure that the seedlings do not carry diseases and insects.
2. Ecological regulation technology.
Rational rotation and intercropping between different vegetables are advocated for water and drought rotation.
3. Swatch booby trap technology.
In the early stage of pest occurrence, 20 to 25 color plates are hung per acre, the height is 10 to 15 cm higher than that of crops, the yellow plate traps aphids, whitefly, leafminer flies and other pests, and the blue plate traps thrips, small green leafhoppers and other pests, and replaces them regularly.
4. Food booby trap technology.
At the beginning of adult feathering, 2 to 4 sweet and sour liquid placement points are set up per acre, and a certain proportion of pests such as tigers and nocturnal moths are prepared to be booby-traped.
5. Sexual seduction booby trap technology.
At the beginning of adult feathering, according to the type of trap insect, there are 1 to 5 hanging traps per acre, and the hanging height is 10 to 20 cm higher than the top of the crop or 80 to 100 cm above the ground, and the adult moths of small vegetable moths, beet nocturnal moths and twill moths are booby-trapped. Change the core once every 30 days and dispose of the trapped bugs in time.
6. Light booby trap technology.
From March to November, install a frequency vibration insecticidal lamp per 30 to 100 acres of land, with a height of 1.7 to 2.0 meters above the ground, or install a solar insecticidal lamp to trap and kill phototropic pests such as twill moth, beet moth, and ground tiger.
7. Silver-gray film repellent technology.
Silver gray film or hanging silver gray film strips are laid in the field to avoid aphids.
8. Two-net (insect-proof net, shade net) coverage technology
The insect net is directly covered on the trellis, compacted on all sides, and the trellises are pressed with a pressed film line, leaving the main door of the greenhouse uncovered, which is convenient for entering the shed. The small arch shed is covered, and the insect-proof net can be covered on the top surface of the arch frame, and the surrounding area is tightly covered, and the fully enclosed cover is implemented. Shade nets are draped over the roof of the shed in the summer heat. Insect nets and shade nets can play a role in insect prevention, shading, cooling, moisturizing, and rainstorm erosion.
9. Predator release technology.
The use of aphid wasps, smoke blind aphids, etc. to control whitefly; the use of pasteurized blunt mites, courgette blunt mites and other pests to control mites; the use of heterochromatic ladybirds, aphid cocoon bees and other control of aphids; the use of East Asian small flower bugs, pasteurized blunt mites and other control of thrips; the use of borer yellow red-eyed bees, pine caterpillar red-eyed bees, corn borer red-eyed bees and other control lepidopter pests.
10. Scientific drug use technology.
In the prevention and control of vegetable crop diseases and insect pests, adhere to scientific drug use, choose high-efficiency, low-toxicity, low-residue, environment-friendly pesticides; scientific rotation of alternate drugs; abide by safety intervals; scientific selection of efficient plant protection equipment.
Table 2 Recommended table of commonly used pesticides for vegetable diseases and pests
Downy mildew
Enoylmorpholine, fluoromyces and downy mildew, methylhydrin, eugenol, downy mildew
epidemic disease
powdery mildew
Phenylethicazole, pentrazole, pyronaphthalate, fluoramide, flumethocyanate
rust
Dinemethocyclazole, pentrazole, azoxystrobin,
Gray mold
Shenzinemycin, azole fluamide, flumexime ester, putrex, isobacterium urea, pyrimidine
anthrax
Ether esters, imidamine, phenoxymethaclazole
blight
Rhythromycin, Bacillus subtilis, Xenopsis Fumeiss,
Blight
Bacillus cereus, mesobiophytics, zinc thiazole, copper thiosesen
Soft rot
Chrysomycin, zinc thiazole, copper thiosesen
Sclerotia
Isobacterium urea, pyrimidine, imidamine, putrex
Root swelling disease
Bacillus subtilis, cyanosazole, fludhiamine
Viral diseases
Nimbycin, chitosan, amino-oligosaccharide,
Brown spot disease
Polyantimycin, carbendazim, methylthiopramine
Root rot
Xenophore, Doramine, sodium disulfonate
Black rot
Chrysomycin
Root-knot nematodes
Avermectin, thiazole phosphine
Whitefly
Imidacloprid, thiamethoxazine, acetamiprid, chlorothioline, furazine
Thrips
Polycycidecin, acetamiprid, thiamethoxazine, furazine
aphids
Imidacloprid, acetamiprid, malathion, highly effective cyfcfluthrin
Cotton bollworm
Chlorhexenamide, cyanopyramide bromopyrifolimide, methylaminoavermectin
Smoke green worms
Bacillus thuringiensis, cypermethrin, methylaminoavermectin,
Vegetable green worms
Matrine, Bacillus thuringiensis, octylthion, indateran
Cabbage moth
Thuringiensis, avermectin, cabbage moth granule virus, indigovirus
Beet nocturnal moth
Beet nocturnal moth karyo-polyhedral virus, Alfalfa silver moth karyo-polyhedral virus, ethyl polybactericide, indateran, insect mite nitrile
Twill nocturnal moth
Twill nocturnal nucleotype polyhedral virus, neem, chlorpyrifos benzamide
Pod borer
Bacillus thuringiensis, methylaminoavermectin, indicosyl
Spotted diving flies
Avermectin, fly-killing amine
Jumping armor
Pyridoxine, malathion, acetamiprid, furazine,
Underground pests
Octyl thiophos, diazinphos
<h2 toutiao-origin="h2" > third, edible mushroom pesticide reduction and control integrated technology</h2>
Edible mushrooms mainly include facility cultivation and open-field cultivation. The main diseases and insect pests cultivated in the facility are eye fungus mosquitoes, mushroom-loving gall mosquitoes and mites, etc., and the main pesticide reduction and pest control technologies used are clean pastoral, high temperature sterilization, selection of excellent strains, light booby traps, color plate booby traps, food traps, insect control nets, scientific drugs, etc. The main diseases and insect pests of open-field cultivation are slugs, mushroom-loving mosquitoes and mites, etc., and the main pesticide reduction and control technologies used are clean pastoral, soil treatment, high temperature sterilization, selection of excellent strains, color plate traps, scientific drugs, etc.
1. Cleaning pastoral technology.
The clean environment can effectively reduce the source of diseases and insects, supplemented by disinfection of the pharmaceutical environment, so that the growth process of edible mushrooms is always in a clean and high-quality environment.
2. Soil disinfection technology.
Sprinkle the ground inside the mushroom shed with lime.
3. Select excellent strains.
According to the local climatic and environmental conditions, the production conditions of the park, etc., the appropriate strains are selected.
4. High temperature sterilization technology.
The prepared nutrients and bacterial materials should be sterilized at high temperature, the temperature should be sterilized at 100 ° C for 8 to 10 hours, and attention should not be paid to damage and hang up the plastic bag during transportation and inoculation, so as to avoid the invasion of germs and secondary infection.
5. Light booby-trap technology.
Install special insecticidal lamps for edible mushrooms inside and outside the mushroom room, install one lamp in each mushroom shed, and install one lamp every 20 to 30 acres outdoors, and clean up the residue under the lamp in time.
6. Swatch booby trap technology.
A yellow board is hung in the mushroom shed of 20 to 25 square meters, and the height is generally between 1 and 1.5 meters, which is changed regularly. Open-field cultivation is generally 25 to 35 sheets per acre.
7. Food booby-trap technology.
Mainly for mushroom flies and fecal mosquito pests in edible mushrooms, the best booby trap effect is to combine sugar: vinegar: wine: water = 4: 4: 2: 10, and add a total of 2% of the enemy worm emulsion.
8. Insect-proof net technology.
Install insect nets around the mushroom room and on the doors to reduce the influx of pests.
9. Scientific drug use technology.
Give priority to the use of biological pesticides to control diseases and insects, and choose high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides to control diseases and insects, such as high-efficiency chlorofluoride and methyl vitamin salts to control mites.
<h2 toutiao-origin="h2" >4, citrus pesticide reduction and control integrated technology</h2>
Before the budding period begins after the dormancy period, remove the dead branches and fallen fruits of the disease and insect damage in the garden, remove the branches, leaves and fruits with serious pest damage in time during the growing season, take them out of the garden for harmless treatment, and spray the right agent to prevent diseases and insect pests.
2. Light booby trap technology.
From April to November, insecticidal lamps are installed in orchards to trap phototropic pests such as leafminer moths.
The main control occurs in the spring and summer slightly in the period of whiteflies, aphids, thrips and so on.
4. Soil treatment technology.
In late April, soil treatment such as octyl thion and other counter-agents began to control large fruit flies.
5. Food trap + bionic + sexual attractant trap technology.
In May, the use of real fly traps for spot spray booby traps began, spraying 10 points per acre, 0.5 square meters per point, and in the peak of the feathering of adult citrus fruit fly began to hang fly balls + sexual traps, and the use lasted until December.
6. Predator release technology.
It is used in the early stages of pest occurrence, mainly using predatory mites to control citrus red spiders.
7. Fruit bagging technology.
During the expansion period of citrus fruits, after the spraying of fruit thinning, the bagging is standardized to ensure the quality of the fruit.
8. Scientific drug technology.
In the key period of control, the selection of efficient road pesticides to control diseases and insect pests, such as the selection of pyrazole ether bacterium esters, imidazole, fluosilazole and other control citrus resin diseases in the spring bud germination stage, the flowering stage, the fruit expansion stage, and before bagging, etc., and the control of citrus red spiders such as alkyne mite and spirene esters in April to June and September to October.
Table 3 Recommended table of commonly used pesticides for citrus diseases and pests
Resin disease
Grammydan, pyrazole ether ester, imidamine, zinc manganese, fluosilazole
Fluconazole, imidazim, zinc propensin, carbendazim, zinc manganese, azoxystrobin, fluridamine, mymetrazole
Green (green) mold
Mycostatazole, imidazole, thiomypramine,
Red and yellow spiders
Pyridoxine, avermectin, alkyne mite, spironate, azole ester,
Orange large, small fruit fly
Thiamethoxine, imidacloprid, avermectin
Rust ticks
Azole esters, insecticides, spirant esters, avermectin, fludaramine
Leafminer moth
Neem, avermectin, high-potency cypermethrin, acetamiprid,
Matrine, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, alenoxazine
Yaggitan
Matrine, nitrothion, ethyl spironium, thiazide, sodium rosinate
Leaf curl moth
trichlorfon
<h2 toutiao-origin="h2" >5, kiwi fruit pesticide reduction and control integrated technology</h2>
1. Cleaning pastoral technology.
Before the budding period after the dormancy period, remove the stumps and leaves of the disease and insect hazard in the garden, remove the branches, leaves and fruits with serious pest damage in time during the growing season, take them out of the park for centralized harmless treatment, and spray stone sulfur compounds, Bordeaux liquid and other agents to prevent it.
2. Fruit tree drying technology.
During the dormancy period of fruit trees, quicklime or pine membranes are evenly coated on the trunk by hand or machine to form a protective film.
3. Rain shelter cultivation technology.
Build greenhouses to avoid wind and rain and reduce the occurrence of diseases.
4. Light booby trap technology.
Use from March to October. Install insecticidal lamps in orchards to trap kiwi phototropic pests.
5. Swatch booby trap technique.
From April to October, yellow plates are used to control color-oriented pests such as aphids.
6. Fruit bagging technology
The fruit bag uses a black and yellow cowhide bag on the inside to reduce bird infestation, pests and diseases, wind and rain and sun damage.
7. Scientific drug use technology.
From March to May, the budding and leaf spreading to the pre-flowering stage, mainly control gray mold disease, flower rot, canker disease, aphids, jumping nails, etc., after the results from May to September, the main control of leaf spot disease, anthrax, ulcer disease, root rot, insect shell insects, scarab beetles, fruit-sucking nocturnal moths, leaf mites, leafhoppers, etc. At present, only berberine (brown spot disease), carvacrol (gray mold), pyrethroids (leafhopper), amino oligosaccharides (root-knot nematodes), bitter bark vine (small leaf curl moth) and other pesticides are registered on kiwifruit crops, and the control of other diseases and insect pests needs to be used scientifically according to actual applications.
<h2 toutiao-origin="h2" >6, grape reduction and control integrated technology</h2>
After winter pruning, remove the grape stumps and leaves in the garden that are harmed by diseases and insects, and remove the branches, leaves and fruits with serious pest damage in time during the growing season, and take them out of the garden for centralized harmless treatment.
2. Rain shelter cultivation technology.
Grapes cultivated in the rain are sprayed with stone sulfur compound, Bordeaux liquid and other sterile bacteria to enhance the resistance of plants to disease and reduce disease invasion.
3. Light booby-trap technology.
From April to October, insecticidal lamps are used to trap and kill phototropic pests such as grape moths, grape-winged moths, and scarab beetles.
4. Yellow plate booby trap technology.
In mid-to-late March, yellow plates are used to control aphids, leafhoppers, etc. in the early stages of pest occurrence.
5. Fruit bagging technology.
White wood pulp paper bags should be used for fruit bags to reduce bird infestation, pests and diseases, wind and rain and sun damage.
6. Scientific drug use technology.
From the formation of inflorescences from early April to early May, the main control is prevention and control of aphids, gray mold, panicle axis brown blight, downy mildew, etc.; from mid-May to early June, the young fruit stage is mainly controlled against red spiders and black pox; from early June to the end of June, the fruit expansion period is mainly controlled against downy mildew, brown spot disease, white rot disease, room blight, etc.; from early July to early August, the fruit maturity period is mainly controlled against mites, moths, anthrax, downy mildew, downy mildew, etc.; from mid-August to late October fruit, brown spot disease, downy mildew, tarsal mites, etc.
Table 4 Recommended table of commonly used pesticides for grape diseases and pests
Emodin methyl ether, cnidin, pyrimidine nucleoside antibiotics, oxime esters, hexazol, pentocrazole, methylthiopramine, bacillus, stone sulfur compound, acetophen sulfonate
Trichoderma, matrine, pyrimidine, pyrimidine, pyrimidine, putrex, biguanide trioctylbenzenesulfonate, acycline amine, isobacterium urea, clonylonitrile
White rot
Pentrazole, formebis
Enoyl morpholine, methotrexate, cyanozole, Trichoderma harz, eugenol, matrine, copper hydroxide, Bordeaux liquid, azoxystrobin, isobacterium urea, copper thirrhirate, formymetas, carbendazim, zinc manganese, bacillus, bisynyl amine
Black pox disease
Imidazil, flusilazole, enazolisol, bacillus, imidaminate manganese salt, azoxystrobin, imidazole, zinc manganese
Phenylethiconazole, nitricoxazole, flusilazole, matrine, polyantimycin, enzool, mymetrazole, imidamin
Panicle shaft brown blight
Propythionazole, ether bacteria, acryloyl bacteria
Insects
Thiamethoxine
Blind bugs
Flufenacilamide nitrile
Matrine
<h2 toutiao-origin="h2" >7, peach pesticide reduction and control integrated technology</h2>
1. Qingyuan technology.
After the leaves fall in winter, remove the stumps, leaves, zombie fruits, etc. of the disease and insect damage in the garden, and cut off the branches with insect borers, worm holes, insect eggs, weak growth and serious disease, and concentrate on harmless treatment.
2. Fruit tree drying technology.
Dry with quicklime or stone sulfur compound or pine film.
3. Yellow plate booby trap technology.
The main control of aphids, before or early in mid-to-late March, hang 15 to 20 armyworm yellow plates per acre, the height is in the upper part of the plant (middle), and it is replaced regularly.
4. Light booby trap technology.
From the end of March to October, solar insecticidal lamps are installed in orchards to control peach tree phototropic pests (mainly peach borer borer, leaf curl moth, caterpillar, Tsubaki elephant and other pests) by booby-traping adults, and turn on the lights from 7 to 12 pm in the evening.
It mainly controls pests such as peach borer borer, pear small heartworm, peach leafminer moth and so on. From early March to September every year, the trap is fixed to the branches, the bottom of the trap is equipped with a white armyworm board, and the lure core is placed on the armyworm board, 3 to 5 cores per acre, and the core is changed once a month.
From May to August, 10 to 15 days before hanging the courgette blunt mite, use the allowable pesticide to thoroughly clear the garden, control the pest mites within 200 heads of the blind mites, depending on the size of the peach tree, 1 to 2 bags per plant, preying mites are placed at the branches of the trunk, the upper two corners are cut a diagonal mouth, cover the shear with plastic film to avoid rain, fix the predator mite on the trunk with a pushpin, and the shear is close to the trunk to facilitate the entry and exit of the predator mite; in addition to the mite, there are ladybugs, grass worms, and small flower bugs. Carnivorous flies and insectivorous bugs have the best effect on aphids, leaf mites, leaf curlews and heartworms.
7. Fruit bagging technology.
30 to 45 days after the flowering, the fruit thinning begins, the disease and insect fruits, weak fruits, according to different varieties to take a reasonable amount of fruit retention, to ensure high-quality large fruits while reducing the field disease and insect base. After fruit thinning, high-quality fruit bags without heavy metal pollution and pesticide pollution are selected in time.
From November to March of the following year, the peach tree mainly controls various pathogenic bacteria and pests during the dormancy period; from mid-March to early April, it mainly controls aphids and peach leaf shrinking disease; from mid-April to early May, the new shoots mainly control brown rot, perforation, anthrax, aphids, pear small heartworms, leaf curl moths, leaf-diving moths and red spiders; from mid-May to July, the fruit growth period mainly controls brown rot, perforation disease, scab disease, anthracnose, tea wing bugs, peach borers, pear small heartworms, red spiders, leaf-diving moths, borer shell insects. The harvest period from August to September mainly controls brown rust, perforation disease, pear small heartworm, cotton bollworm, peach borer borer, red spider and shell insect. In October, the deciduous period mainly prevents perforation and brown rust.
Table 5 Peach diseases and insect pests commonly used pesticide recommendation table
Bacterial perforation disease
Zinc thiazole
Brown spot perforation disease
Chrysomycin, Zoether Daisen
gummosis
Bacillus multimuscularis
Peach brown rot
Berberine, nitrile benzazole
Scarab green zombie, matrine, imidacloprid, flufenacillitrile, thiamethoxazone
Peach small heartworm
Avi Exterminator
Pear small heartworm
Pear small insycens, Bacillus thuringiensis
Mesothecarpus
Chloryanide chlorpyrifos
<h2 toutiao-origin="h2" >8, strawberry pesticide reduction and control integrated technology</h2>
After harvesting the strawberry crop, pull the seedlings in time to thoroughly clean up the strawberry stumps, rotten fruits, weeds, etc., and prevent and control germs, pest residues and spreads. During the production period, diseased leaves and fruits are removed at any time to reduce pathogens.
2. Agricultural film (ground cloth) covering technology.
In addition to the role of heat preservation, water retention, fertilizer retention, etc., it also has the effect of inhibiting the growth of weeds, reducing diseases and avoiding pests.
3. Insect net covering technology.
By covering the trellis with insect nets, artificial isolation barriers are constructed to cut off the transmission and reproduction routes of pests.
4. High temperature shed technology.
In the stubble period between July and August, deep ploughing of the soil, adding lime nitrogen, sheep manure and oil dry per acre, and soil ploughing evenly, after watering, the surface is covered with transparent plastic film, compacted around, depending on the weather conditions for 20 to 45 days, killing soil surface pathogens.
5. Soil treatment technology.
5 to 7 days before transplanting, the soil is applied with coccidioid white zombie bacteria mixed with grass and wood ash to prevent underground pests such as tigers and grubs, and bacillus subtilis is used to water the soil to prevent soil-borne diseases and reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.
6. Disease-free and insect-free seedling technology.
Varieties with strong resistance (resistance) to gray mold and powdery mildew were selected, and seedlings were selected for field seedlings that had not been planted strawberries for three consecutive years. Disease-free and healthy seedlings, multi-variety rational layout. Before the strawberry seedlings leave the shed, use quinoa alkali, Bacillus subtilis, etc. for spraying to prevent airborne diseases and insects such as red spiders, powdery mildew, gray mold, etc., and use Bacillus subtilis dipping roots to prevent soil-borne diseases and insects, so as to ensure that the seedlings are free of diseases and insects to the greatest extent.
7. Plant immuno-inducing agent technology.
At the strawberry seedling stage, plant-induced resistance agents such as amino oligosaccharides are appropriately used to improve the disease resistance of strawberry plants.
8. Swatch booby trap technology.
Depending on the occurrence of pests such as aphids, whiteflies, thrips, spotted flies, etc., degradable yellow or blue insect trap plates can be placed. Place 20 to 30 yellow plates per acre, and remove the bees after placing them.
9. Sexual seduction booby trap technology.
From September of that year to April of the following year, according to the occurrence of pests such as twill moths, the corresponding sexual attractants are selected to trap the core. 2 to 5 sets of sexual attractants per acre, regularly clean up the insect body, and replace the lure core in time.
10. Predator release technology.
During the occurrence of strawberry mites, predator mites should be used to control pest mites; pay attention to safe medication to protect natural enemies such as ladybirds and grasshoppers.
11. Bee pollination technology.
The natural shedding of petals after pollination can reduce the occurrence of gray mold, reduce the use of chemical pesticides and hormones, and reduce the pollution of chemical pesticides to the environment. One box per shed, placed in the center of the shed.
12. Scientific drug use technology.
During the flowering period, pay attention to the use of agents that are safe for bees. From july to mid-August, the stubble period is controlled against viral diseases and anthrax; from late August to early September, the seedling stage is mainly controlled against anthrax, ground tigers, grubs, blight, verticillium wilt, etc.; from mid-September to early November, the seedling to flowering stage and from mid-November to june of the following year are mainly controlled and controlled aphids, whiteflies, thrips, spotted flies, twill nocturnal moths, pest mites, gray mold, etc.
Table 6 Recommended table of commonly used pesticides for strawberry diseases and insect pests
Pest name
Pentrazole, pyrimidyl ester, diethylmethicazole
Bacillus subtilis, polyantimycin, fluorobacteriocycline esters, pyrimidine, azole fluamide, grammydan, fungus lactrile
Bacillus subtilis, cnidium, fluorosomes, powder azole, pyrazole ether esters, azole acrylates, ether esters, flumezole, benzopyroxystils, tetrafluoroetherzole, azole fluamide
Diplodocus vulgaris
Biphenylhydrazine ester
Red Spider
Vericulline, ivermectin, biphenylhydrazine ester
nematode
Memilon (thiazolephosphine)
Methylaminoavermectin benzoate
Imidacloprid
<h2 toutiao-origin="h2" >9, loquat pesticide reduction and control integrated technology</h2>
From the end of March to the end of September, insecticidal lamps are used to trap loquat phototropic pests (mainly peach borer, leaf curl moth, caterpillar, Tsubaki elephant and other pests).
3. Fruit bagging technology.
After the fruit is set, the bagging is timely, and the high-quality fruit bags without heavy metal pollution and pesticide pollution are selected.
From the end of March to September every year, sexual attractants are used to trap and kill pests such as peach borer borers and pear heartworms.
5. Yellow plate booby trap technology.
In mid-to-late March, the pest began to be used in the early stages, mainly to control psyllids, aphids and so on.
In the spring shoots from March to May, it mainly controls leaf spots, anthrax, wood lice, red spiders, aphids, pear small heartworms, soft rot and gray mold; from June to August, summer shoots (after fruiting) mainly control leaf spot disease, nymph mites, red spiders, pear heartworms and yellow caterpillars; from September to October, the flowering period mainly controls peach borers, wood lice and yellow caterpillars.
Table 7 Recommended table of commonly used pesticides for loquat diseases and insect pests
Loquat leaf spot disease
Jinggang propiconazole, propiconazole
Pentrazole
Horn spot disease
Azoxystrobin
mineral oil
caterpillar
<h2 toutiao-origin="h2" >000, tea pesticide reduction and control integrated technology</h2>
Combined with fertilization in late autumn, the fallen leaves and topsoil near the rhizosphere of the tea garden are cleaned up to be buried deep between the rows, destroying the overwintering environment of the pests. During the growing season, the branches and leaves with serious pest and disease hazards are removed in time, and the leaves are taken out of the garden for centralized destruction or deep burial, so as to reduce the harm of pests in the following year.
From March to October, insecticidal lamps will be installed in tea gardens to trap tea plant phototropic pests (mainly tea caterpillars, tea inchworms, tea moths, leaf curls and other pests).
In late March, yellow plates are used to control pests such as small green leafhoppers, aphids and whitefly. 15 to 20 sheets per acre, height in the upper part of the plant (middle), and hanging along the rows of tea trees.
From the end of March to September every year, sexual attractants are used to control pests such as tea caterpillars and tea inchworms.
5. Predator release technology.
From April to October, predator mites are released to prevent tea tarsus mites. Before hanging the predator mites 10 to 15 days, using high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides to clear the garden, after controlling the amount of pest mites within 200 heads of louver mites, the hanging bag is released, that is, the predator mite bag is cut obliquely above the paper bag for 3 to 4 cm, and then fixed on the branches of the tea bushes by the leaves with pushpins or plastic strings, and 2 to 8 bags of predator mites per 12 meters (suitable for the first orchard of pest mites) can be controlled for a long time. Or take submerged release, that is, after mixing the predator mites with wood chips or chaff, evenly spread them on the tea tree leaves (suitable for tea gardens with a large amount of pest mites), it is strictly forbidden to tear open the bag mouth by hand when releasing, so as not to squeeze the predator mites in the package.
In the spring, summer and autumn tea periods, it mainly controls tea caterpillars, tea inchworms, tea moths, leaf curl moths, small green leafhoppers, aphids, whiteflies, tarsal mites, aphids, leaf mites, tea cake disease, tea anthrax, etc.
Table 8 Recommended table of commonly used pesticides for tea diseases and insect pests
Tea cake disease
Polyantimycin
Tea anthrax
Bacillus, Zinc Daisen, Diphenethocycumzole, Pyrazole Ether Ester
Small green leafhoppers
Bacillus thuringiensis, bifenthrin, high-potency cypermethrin, ether permethrin, thiazide, thiamethoxam
Bacillus thuringiensis, permethrin, cypermethrin
Leaf mites
Veratine, neem, mineral oil, stone sulfur compound
Tea inchworm
Picrinin, tea inchworm karyocorne polyhedral virus, insecticide, highly effective cypermethrin, bifenthrin
Tea caterpillar
Bacillus thuringiensis, bifenthrin, matrine, neem, cypermethrin
Tea moths
Bacillus thuringiensis, cypermethrin
Part III
Laws and regulations on the use of pesticides
I. Regulations on the Administration of Pesticides
(Promulgated by Order No. 677 of the State Council of the People's Republic of China on March 16, 2017, revised in accordance with the Decision of the State Council on Amending the Regulations on the Administration of Pesticides of November 29, 2001, revised and adopted at the 164th Executive Meeting of the State Council on February 8, 2017, and effective as of June 1, 2017)
Article 33 Pesticide users shall abide by the relevant national systems for the safe and rational use of pesticides, properly keep pesticides, and take necessary protective measures in the process of dispensing and using drugs to avoid pesticide use accidents.
Operators restricting the use of pesticides shall provide guidance on the use of pesticides and gradually provide unified drug use services.
Article 34 Pesticide users shall use pesticides in strict accordance with the scope of use, methods and dosages, technical requirements and precautions for the use of pesticides, and shall not expand the scope of use, increase the dosage of drugs, or change the methods of use.
Pesticide users are not allowed to use banned pesticides.
Pesticides labeled with safety intervals shall be discontinued in accordance with the requirements of the safety interval period before the harvest of agricultural products.
Highly toxic and highly toxic pesticides shall not be used for the prevention and control of sanitary pests, shall not be used in the production of vegetables, melons and fruits, tea, fungi, and Chinese herbal medicines, and shall not be used for the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of aquatic plants.
Article 35 Pesticide users shall protect the environment, protect beneficial organisms and rare species, and shall not discard pesticides, pesticide packaging or cleaning and application equipment in protected areas for drinking water sources or in rivers.
It is strictly forbidden to use pesticides in the protected areas of drinking water sources, and it is strictly forbidden to use pesticides to poison fish, shrimp, birds, animals, etc.
Article 36 Agricultural product production enterprises, food and edible agricultural product storage enterprises, specialized pest control service organizations and farmers' professional cooperatives engaged in the production of agricultural products shall establish records of the use of pesticides, truthfully recording the time, place, and object of use of pesticides, as well as the name, dosage, and production enterprises of pesticides. Pesticide use records shall be kept for more than 2 years.
The State encourages other pesticide users to establish pesticide use records.
Article 37 The State encourages pesticide users to properly collect pesticide packaging and other wastes; pesticide production enterprises and pesticide operators shall recycle pesticide wastes to prevent pesticide pollution of the environment and the occurrence of pesticide poisoning accidents. The specific measures shall be formulated by the competent department of environmental protection under the State Council in conjunction with the competent department of agriculture under the State Council, the financial department of the State Council and other departments.
Article 38 In the event of pesticide use accidents, pesticide users, pesticide production enterprises, pesticide operators and other relevant personnel shall promptly report to the local competent department of agriculture.
Article 39: Due to urgent needs such as the prevention and control of sudden major diseases and pests, the competent department of agriculture under the State Council may decide to temporarily produce or use a prescribed number of pesticides that have not been registered, or are banned or restricted, and when necessary, together with the competent department of foreign trade under the State Council, decide to temporarily restrict the export or temporarily import of pesticides of the prescribed quantity and variety.
The pesticides provided for in the preceding paragraph shall be used under the supervision and guidance of the competent agricultural department of the people's government at the county level where they are used.
Article 60 Where a pesticide user commits any of the following acts, the competent department of agriculture of the people's government at the county level shall order corrections, and if the pesticide user is an agricultural product production enterprise, a food and edible agricultural product storage enterprise, a specialized pest control service organization, a farmers' professional cooperative engaged in the production of agricultural products, or other units, a fine of between 50,000 and 100,000 yuan shall be imposed, and if the pesticide user is an individual, a fine of not more than 10,000 yuan shall be imposed; Where a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be pursued in accordance with law:
(1) Not using pesticides in accordance with the scope of use, methods and dosages of pesticides, technical requirements and precautions for use, and safety intervals;
(2) Using banned pesticides;
(3) Using highly toxic or highly toxic pesticides for the prevention and control of sanitary pests, for the production of vegetables, melons and fruits, tea, fungi, and Chinese herbal medicines, or for the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of aquatic plants;
(4) The use of pesticides in protected areas for drinking water sources;
(5) Using pesticides to poison fish, shrimp, birds, animals, etc.;
(6) Discard pesticides, pesticide packaging, or cleaning and application equipment in protected areas for drinking water sources or in rivers.
Where there is any of the conduct provided for in item 2 of the preceding paragraph, the competent department of agriculture of the people's government at the county level shall also confiscate the banned pesticides.
Article 61 Where agricultural product production enterprises, food and edible agricultural product storage enterprises, specialized pest control service organizations, and farmers' professional cooperatives engaged in the production of agricultural products do not implement the pesticide use record system, the competent department of agriculture of the people's government at the county level shall order corrections; Those who refuse to make corrections or whose circumstances are serious shall be fined between 2,000 and 20,000 yuan.
Article 64 Where pesticides produced or traded cause personal or property damage to pesticide users, pesticide users may claim compensation from pesticide production enterprises or from pesticide operators. Where it is the responsibility of the pesticide production enterprise, the pesticide operator has the right to recover compensation from the pesticide production enterprise after compensation; Where it is the responsibility of the pesticide operator, the pesticide production enterprise has the right to recover compensation from the pesticide operator after compensation.
2. Provisions on the prohibition and restriction of the use of pesticides
1. List of prohibited pesticides
1. 666, DDT, toxaphene, dibromopropane, insecticide, dibromoethane, herbicides, ashitrins, dieldrins, mercury preparations, arsenic, lead, diqualt, fluoroacetamide, glycofluoride, poison rat strong, sodium fluoroacetate, poison rat silicon, methylamina, methyl parathion, mutafos, phosphorus, phosphorus, benzophos, thiosethion, methylthiophosphate, calcium phosphide, magnesium phosphide, zinc phosphide, thiophosphate, phosphorus toflot, phosphorus toxin, phosphorus toxin, tributylthion, clonorone, fumetria, fumethrazine, amesullon mono agent, mesullon mono agent, mesullon mono agent , paraquat water agent
2. The combination of aminophenylsulfuron and mesulfuron compound preparations has been prohibited from domestic sales and use since July 1, 2017
3. Since October 1, 2018, the sale and use of dicofol has been completely prohibited
2. List of pesticides subject to restrictions
Chinese generic name
Limit the scope of use
Methylphosphorus, methyl isosyphosphate, systemic phosphorus, carbofuran, aldicarb, line-killing phosphorus, thiocyclus, chlorozophos
Vegetables, fruit trees, tea trees, Chinese herbal medicines
Water amine thiophos
Citrus trees
Extinguish dodovir
Citrus trees, apple trees, tea trees, cruciferous vegetables
Endosulfan
Apple trees, tea trees
methyl bromide
Strawberries, cucumbers
Oxyso
Kale, citrus trees
Trichlorocarbicide, cypermethrin
tea plant
Kills phosphorus
Butyrylhydrazide (bijiu)
peanut
Fipronil
Other uses other than sanitary uses, corn and other parts of the dryland seed coating
Bromomethane, chlorinated bitter
The scope of registration and the method of application are changed to soil fumigation, and other registrations other than soil fumigation are revoked
Chlorpyrifos, triazoliphos
Since December 31, 2016, it is forbidden to use it on vegetables.
2,4-Drip butyl ester
Field testing and registration applications for 2,4-drip butyl ester (including original drugs, mother drugs, single doses, compound preparations, the same below) will no longer be accepted and approved; No longer accept or approve applications for renewal of registration for the use of 2,4-dributyl ester in china; Retain the overseas use registration of 2,4-dibutyl ester products of the original drug manufacturer, and the original drug manufacturer may apply to change the existing registration to the registration for export only when renewing the registration.
Flufenoxamide
Since October 1, 2018, the use of flufenoxamide in rice crops has been banned.
Carbofuran, methoxyphos, methyl isosyrphosphate
Since October 1, 2018, the use of carbofuran, methoxane phosphorus, and methyl isoxalis phosphorus on sugarcane crops has been prohibited.
Aluminum phosphide
It should be wrapped inside and outside double-layered, and the outer packaging should have good sealing, waterproof and moisture-proof and gas leakage. Since October 1, 2018, the sale and use of other packaging of aluminum phosphide products is prohibited.
Phosphorus methion, methylisosalphos, carbofuran, aluminum phosphide, endosulfan, bitter chloride, amidoviride, filamentic phosphorus, aqueous thiophos, aldicarbic acid, bromidemethane, oxylocarp, paraquat, 2,4-drop butyl ester, Clostridium botulinum c, Clostridium botulinum D, Fluoromon, sodium salt of the bacterium, rodent ether, bromopyrron, bromopyrramine, butyl thioclide, butyryl hydrazide, chlorpyrifos, fluorophenylamide, fipronitrile, lego, cypermethrin, trichlorocarbicol, triazolith, acetaminophosphine
As of October 1, 2017, methylphosphorus, methyl isosanphos, carbohydrin, aluminum phosphide, endosulfan, chlorinated bitter, amidovir, filamentosin, aqueous thiophos, aldicarb, bromomethane, oxylocarp, paraquat, 2,4-drip butyl ester, Clostridium botulinum c, Clostridium botulinum toxin type D, Fleaspyrrin, sodium salt of the murine, rodenticide, rodent ether, bromodiron, bromopyrene, butyrosil, butyryl hydrazide, chlorpyrifosine, fluorobenzilamide, filamentone, lego, cypermethrin, trichlorocarbicol, triazoliphos, For 32 kinds of pesticides such as acetyl methylphos, the label shall be marked with the word "restricted use" and indicate the special restrictions and special requirements for use; for edible agricultural products, the label shall also indicate the safety interval. The first 22 kinds of pesticides are subject to fixed-point operation, and the time for other pesticides to be operated at fixed-point operations is separately stipulated by the Ministry of Agriculture.
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(Source: Chengdu Agriculture)