Goji berries are well known as a plant, which can not only be used in medicine but also eaten, but also have certain forestry value and ornamental value. Wolfberries are more drought tolerant, so they can grow in sand and play a certain role in maintaining water and soil, but there are more diseases and insect pests of wolfberries, so the control strategies of wolfberry diseases and insect pests and the problems that should be paid attention to in the comprehensive control of wolfberry diseases and insect pests are discussed.
Goji berries are plants of the solanaceous family, Wolfberry family. It is a general term for the species of goji berries such as commercial wolfberries, plants Such as Ningxia wolfberries and Chinese wolfberries, and is an important agricultural product in China, and one of the main export agricultural products, which is widely cultivated in northwest China. Wolfberries are not only drought-tolerant, but also saline-tolerant, so they are usually planted in sandy and saline-alkali lands, making great contributions to the preservation of water and soil, wind and sand fixation and the improvement of the ecological environment. However, at present, people do not know much about the comprehensive control of goji berry diseases and insect pests, which greatly affects the yield and quality of goji berries.
1 Strategies for the control of goji berry diseases and insect pests
1.1 Implement the policy of giving priority to prevention and comprehensive prevention and control
Goji berry growers should form a concept of prevention over treatment, and do not know only the use of pesticide spraying as soon as pests and diseases occur. Goji berry growers should choose to plant some varieties that are more resistant to diseases and insect pests, and then through scientific and reasonable cultivation techniques, combined with certain physical control and biological control methods, to solve the problem of diseases and insect pests in the process of goji berry planting and reduce losses.
1.2 Understand goji berry pests and diseases
Goji berries grow in many different pests and diseases, with roughly 5 main diseases and 38 pests. Among them, 3 diseases and 6 kinds of insect pests are high-incidence pests, specifically wolfberry black fruit disease, wolfberry flow gum disease and wolfberry root rot disease, as well as wolfberry lice, wolfberry red gall mosquito, wolfberry negative mud worm, wolfberry gall mite, wolfberry rust mite and wolfberry aphid [1], which pose a great threat to wolfberry.
In addition, there are some more important diseases and insect pests, such as goji berry moth, gray spot disease and so on. In the comprehensive control of goji berry diseases and insect pests, it is first necessary to understand the causes and control methods of these diseases and insect pests, and also to know what pesticides should be sprayed.
1.3 Determine prevention and control indicators
The main feature of integrated management that distinguishes it from general control is that the overall pests and diseases must be treated, and when the main pests and diseases are treated, some minor diseases and insect pests must also be treated. In addition, before determining the control indicators, goji berry growers need to find a balance between several pests and diseases, and to deal with them early to control the development of pests and diseases so as not to affect large-scale goji berry cultivation.
1.4 Integrated control period of goji berry diseases and insect pests
There are three more obvious and key pest stages and one disease period in the growth process of goji berries. First of all, in the middle of April, goji began to enter the leaf spread period, at this time wolfberry wood lice, wolfberry rust mites and wolfberry red gall mosquitoes began to be active, so during this period, we must pay attention to the situation of pests and prevent and control in time. Secondly, in mid and late May, many old branches of goji berries began to flower, some new branches also began to grow buds, at this time many pests began to multiply in large quantities, we must pay special attention to the development of pests, spray two consecutive drugs, increase control efforts; In addition, in early and mid-August, goji berry pests once again began to multiply in large numbers, and more control efforts were needed. Finally, in June, goji berry diseases begin to appear, with the most severe in July and August, and if they are not prevented early, they may bring a fatal blow to goji berries [2]. Wolfberry black fruit disease, wolfberry root rot disease these diseases are developing particularly fast, especially in the rain and high temperature weather popular rapidly, so you need to always pay attention to the weather conditions, spray before rain is better.
2 Problems that should be paid attention to in the integrated management of goji berry diseases and insect pests
2.1 Pollution-free problems
In the comprehensive control of goji berry diseases and insect pests, it is necessary to focus on protecting the environment, inhibiting the development of diseases and insect pests, reducing the number of diseases and insect pests, reducing the use of chemical pesticides, and organically combining the three methods of chemical control, physical control and biological control, and scientifically and rationally carrying out the comprehensive control of wolfberry diseases and insect pests.
2.2 Do not use prohibited pesticides
At present, there are many prohibited pesticides in China, such as gram insect phosphorus, zinc phosphide, malathion, phosphoramine, arsenic and other highly toxic pesticides, so do not use these pesticides in the comprehensive control of goji berry diseases and insect pests, you can use the great heroes, field guards, Tor mite net, stone sulfur compound and Raffling and other countries allowed to use pesticides, and according to the specific pests and diseases to choose the appropriate pesticides.
2.3 Rational use of pesticides
First of all, pest control personnel need to spray pesticides at 8:00-10:00 AM and 5:00-7:00 PM, and do not spray pesticides at other times, especially at noon. Secondly, the prevention and control personnel should not eat, smoke, and spray pesticides with injuries when spraying pesticides, and the body should not be exposed to pesticides to avoid pesticide poisoning; In each spray, it is necessary to take into account both diseases and insect pests, do not change the concentration of pesticides, do not arbitrarily change the amount of pesticides, and must use pesticides according to the instructions for the use of pesticides and specific conditions. Finally, we must also pay attention to the spraying method of pesticides, for each plant to use the inside out, bottom-up way to spray pesticides, but also to ensure that the back of the leaves are also sprayed to pesticides, pesticide spraying should try to ensure that the branches and leaves do not drip. The rational use of pesticides is also of great significance for the comprehensive control of goji berry diseases and insect pests.
People should conduct in-depth research on the comprehensive control of wolfberry diseases and insect pests, in the prevention and control of prevention and control, prevention and control, at the same time to physical control, chemical control as a supplement, and then combined with biological control methods, to solve the problem of diseases and insect pests encountered in the growth process of wolfberries, while improving the ability of wolfberries themselves to resist diseases, promote the good development of wolfberry planting, and then promote the construction of ecological civilization and economic development in China.
This article is excerpted from Longyuan Journal Network: Seed Science and Technology, No. 12, 2019
Author:Selke. Hass wood