Suborder Neoarachnidae—Jumping Arachnidae (II): Nymphalidae
16. Genus Nymphalida
Epocilla is a genus of spiders in the family Epocilla. The type species of this genus is (Epocilla praetextata).
(1) Bryde's spider
Epocilla blairei is a species of spider in the family Epocillae. It is found in Vietnam and Hainan in China. The type locality of this species is in Vietnam.
(2) Sawing spiders
The sawfish spider (scientific name: Epocilla calcarata) is a species of spider in the family Epocilla. He often lives in orchards. The type locality of this species is in Borneo.
(1) Morphological characteristics
Adult males are about 7–8 mm long. The cephalothorax is orange to dark red. There is a white longitudinal band on each side. From the front eye to the end of the abdomen, two orange-red longitudinal bands run through the entire body. Dense coat of white hair. The footsteps are yellow to light brown, with sparse and short hairs and short spines. Step foot I is much thicker and longer than other step feet. The dorsal surface of the abdomen is a wide black-brown longitudinal band in the middle, and a white longitudinal band on each side opposite the white bands on the sides of the head and thorax.
(2) Distribution
China (South China, Southwest China), Southeast Asia, Sulawesi, Seychelles, Hawaii, Borneo.
17. Genus Arachnids
Evarcha is a genus of spiders in the family Evarcha.
(1) Scaly hunting spiders
Evarcha bulbosa is a genus of spiders in the family Evarchae. The type locality of this species is in Vietnam.
(1) Appearance characteristics
Males are 6.60-9.30 in length. The body length is 6.60, the head and thorax are 3.10 and 2.20 wide, and the abdomen is 3.50 and 1.80 wide. The dorsal carapace is black-brown, densely covered with white hairs behind the anterior and posterior eye rows, and horseshoe-shaped white spots on both sides and behind the eye area. The margin of the cephalothorax is white, and there is a vaginal band at the posterior end, and the two bands are not connected. The anterior eye column width is 1.80, which is the same width as the posterior eye column width. The breastplate is ovate , black , about twice as long as it is wide , and the chelicerae are dark brown. The footsteps are brown, and the basal and transverse segments are light black. The end segments of the foot III and IV are lighter in color, except for the basal segment, the turning joint, and the middle of each segment have a light-colored ring. The knees, tibia, and posterior tarsal segments of footsteps I and II have thick hairs on the dorsal and ventral surfaces. There are 3 pairs of spines on the ventral surface of tibial segment I. Tibial II has 3 spines on the ventral surface and 2 spines on the dorsal side. The posterior tarsal segment I and II have 2 pairs of spines on the ventral surface. The abdomen is ovate, darker in the posterior 1/3 part, with two longitudinal bands, connected by 4 transverse bands between the two bands, and the ends are healed. Muscle marks 2 pairs. The ventral surface of the abdomen is light black with 4 longitudinal stripes formed by small yellow dots. The antennae are long , flagellar at the end, and bifurcated at the end of the tibial process.
(2) Distribution
It is distributed in Vietnam, Hunan, Guangxi and other places in China.
(3) Prey
Agricultural and forestry pests.
(2) White-spotted hunting spiders
Evarcha albaria is a species of spider in the family Evacaridae. It is found in Mongolia, Korea, Japan, China, Vietnam and India, and generally inhabits grass and shrubland.
18. Feather spider genus
Ozyptila is a genus of spiders in the family Ozyptilae. More than 800 species worldwide. There are a number of species in this genus that need to be revised.
(1) Morphological characteristics
Small crab spiders, male spiders slightly smaller than female spiders, darker in color. precursors are comparable in length or slightly longer than wide, raised, with rod-like or spoon-shaped hairs; The tip is narrow. The lateral eye is on the mound. The middle eye area is about about the same length and width, and the anterior side is longer than the posterior side. The frontal width is approximately equal to the anterior middle eye distance. The chelicerae are toothless. The lower lip is longer than it is wide. The chest plate is comparable in length and width. The 1st and 2nd legs are about equal length. The feet are short and thick, without hairs and claws. The tarsal claw has 2–3 teeth. 1st and 2nd tibial ventral masks, 2 pairs of spines. The posterior part of the body is wider than long in both females and males, with rod-like or spoon-shaped hairs. The outer female is strongly ossified and has a middle pocket. The insertion tube is short and the seminal vesicles are usually spherical. Male spider antennae complex; The tibial segment has ventral and posterior processes, often intermediate; The posterior process has keratinized end teeth. The genital bulb usually has a shield protrusion, and the inserter is usually short spiny. Distributed throughout the North District. Inhabits the soil and is available in deciduous layers and soil samples.
Type species: Simon (1864) was originally designated Thomisus claveatus Walckenaer, 1837; but in 1895 he changed to Ozyptila brevipes (Hahn, 1826) as the type species.
(2) Heterophyllum
Oxyptila inaequalis is a species of feather spider. The type locality of this species is in Gansu.
(1) Morphological characteristics
The female is 6.43 mm long. The body surface is rough and densely covered with spoon-like hairs. The dorsal carapace is flat in the middle, and the dorsal carapace roughly at the neck sulcus suddenly descends, then slopes to the sides. Body rock grey. The anterior eye is listed on the vertical plane of the anterior end of the head, and the anterior eye is not visible from the back, only a part of the anterior middle eye is visible, and the anterior middle eye is located above the outside of the anterior middle eye. The posterior eye column is slightly concave, and the posterior eye is outward and posterior. The posterior middle eye is facing upwards. The anterior eye is the largest, and the anterior middle eye and posterior middle eye are slightly smaller in turn. The anterior middle eye distance is greater than the anterior middle eye distance, and the posterior middle eye distance is equal to the posterior middle eye distance. The middle eye area is slightly wider than long (0.61:0.58), and the anterior and posterior sides are equal in length (0.58). The first two pairs of foot leg segments are prominently raised in the middle of the dorsal part and thus appear stout. There are 2 pairs of spines below the tibial segment of the first foot and 3 pairs of spines below the posterior tarsal segment. The posterior third of the abdomen is widest and slightly wider than it is length.
Males are 3.96 mm long. The cephalothorax is slightly flattered than that of females. Except for the prosteric eyes, the posterior eyes are all on the mounds, which are more pronounced than those of females. The first leg segment is more swollen, and the second leg segment is not obvious. The number of spines below the tibial and posterior tarsal segments of the first foot is the same as that of female spiders. In addition to brown spots, there are more yellow or colored parts on the foot. The dorsal surface of the abdomen is mainly white, with some black-brown spots, and a pair of black transverse stripes in the middle, stretching from both sides of the midline to both sides, because it is slightly oblique, so it is slightly shaped into a "eight" shape (this markings are also found in females, because the background color of the female spider's abdomen is yellow-brown, less obvious).
(2) Distribution range
In China, it is distributed in Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Shandong and other places.
(3) Wuchang feather spider
The Wuchang feather spider (scientific name: Oxyptila wuchangensis) is a species of feather spider. In China, it is distributed in Hubei and other places. The type locality of this species is in Wuchang, Hubei Province.
(1) Female spiders
Length 3.50 mm. The head and thorax are 1.50 long and 2.30 wide, and the abdomen is 2.30 long and 2.50 wide. The dorsal carapace is pear-shaped, rounded at the tip, mud-colored, mixed with many brown spots, and has many yellowish, transparent spoon-like and rod-like hairs. The frontal is vertical and has 4 rod-like hairs on the anterior margin, with the middle 2 being the longest. The two eyes are arranged posteriorly, the eye mound is low, the front and rear eyes are far apart, the distance is equal to the posterior middle eye distance, the anterior eyes are equidistant, the posterior middle eye distance is less than the posterior middle eye distance, the length of the middle eye area is greater than the width, the anterior edge is greater than the posterior edge, and there are two long spoon-like hairs slightly anterior in the middle. The footsteps are yellow with brown longitudinal stripes and rings. 2 pairs of spines on the ventral surface of the tibial segment of the 1st and 2nd feet; There are 3 pairs of spines on the ventral surface of the posterior tarsal segment. The hind bipods are spinless , but the ventral surface of the tarsal segment has many oblique coarse black hairs. The measurements of each foot are as follows: 4.75 (1.40, 0.70, 1.10, 0.80, 0.75); Ⅱ 4．95(1．50，0．70，1．20，0．80，0．75)； Ⅲ3．00(1．00，0．30，0．70，0．60，0．40)； Ⅳ 3．10(1．10，0．30，0．70，0．60，0．40)。 Foot pose: 2, 1, 4, 3. The abdomen is wider than long, narrow anteriorly and posteriorly, and muddy, uneven, with many spoon-like hairs. The external female structure is not very obvious, with an upper pocket in front of it, and mating holes open on either side of the center of the genital cavity. The seminal vesicles are rounded and divided into two parts.
(2) Male spiders
Length 3.00 mm. The cephalothorax is 1.50 long and 1.60 wide, and the abdomen is 1.60 long and 2.20 wide. It is darker than females and has a black-brown dorsal carapace with brown markings. The abdomen is brown with black markings. The basal to tibial segments are brown or reddish-brown, and the tarsal and posterior tarsal segments are orange and yellow. The foot measurements are as follows: I. 3.90 (1.20, 0.50, 0.90, 0.70, 0.60); Ⅱ 4．00(1．30，0．50，0．90，0．70，0．60)； Ⅲ 2．45(0．70，0．30，0．70，0．40，0．35)； Ⅳ 2．50(0．75，0．30，0．70，0．40，0．35)。 The tibial segment of the tentacle has 3 protrusions: the lateral process is long, black, rounded at the end, and resembles a thin sheet; The ventral and intermediates are short and joined together. The genital bulb is rounded, the surface is uneven, and the inserter is thin, terminating in the middle laterally.
19. Genus Gede
Gedea is a genus of spiders in the family Gedea. The type species of this genus is Gedea flavogularis.
(1) Dao County Gede spider
Gedea daoxianensis (scientific name: Gedea daoxianensis) is a species of jumping spider in the genus Gede. In China, it is distributed in Hunan and other places. The type locality of this species is in Hunan.
(2) Chinese Gerd spider
Gedea sinensis is a species of jumping spider in the genus Gedea spider. In China, it is distributed in Hainan and other places. The type locality of this species is in Hainan. The additive word "sinensis" means "Chinese".
(3) Clawed spider
The clawed spider (scientific name: Gedea unguiformis) is a species of jumping spider in the genus Gedea. In China, it is distributed in Guangxi and other places. The type locality of this species is in Daming Mountain, Guangxi.
20. Genus Hasa spiders
Hasarius is a genus of spiders in the family Hasariidae.
The Hasarius adansoni (scientific name: Hasarius adansoni), also known as the Anderson fly tiger, is a species of spider in the family Hasaridae.
(1) Morphological characteristics
Female: about 6 mm long, reddish-brown dorsal armor. The anterior eye area is black, the posterior 1/3 is black-brown, the eye area is square, less than 1/2 of the head and thorax, and the length is 2/3 of the width. The second eye column is located between the 1st and 3rd eye columns. The anterior teeth of the chela have 2 teeth, the posterior tooth embankment has 1 tooth, and the apex has 2 split teeth. The chest plate is yellowish-brown. Footsteps yellowish brown. Step 4: The tarsal segment of the foot is toothed. The anterior end of the abdomen is grey-black. The spinners are yellowish brown.
Males: body length 5.2-6.0 mm. The body color is darker than that of the female. There is a white transverse band behind the eye area. The first two pairs of footsteps are thicker than the last two pairs of footsteps. There are two white spots on both sides of the posterior end of the ventral median spot, and many slender white hairs on the legs of the tentacles and the outer dorsal side of the tibia. The tarsal boat is thick black with 2 large spines on the dorsal side of the leg segment.
(2) Distribution
It is distributed in Vietnam, Japan, Taiwan Island and Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Sichuan, Yunnan and other places in China, generally inhabiting the sunny walls and door and window flutes of courtyards.
21. Genus Flashing spiders
Heliophanus is a genus of animals in the family Heliophanidae. The type species of this genus is (Aranea cuprea).
(1) Golden-dotted flash spider
The golden-spotted flash spider (scientific name: Heliophanus auratus) is a species of spider in the genus Heliophanus. It is found in Albania, Australia, Belgium, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Russia, Germany, the United States, and China's Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang and other places.
(2) Sickle spider
The sickle spider (scientific name: Heliophanus falcatus) is a species of spider in the family Heliophanidae. In China, it is distributed in Inner Mongolia and other places. The type locality of this species is in Inner Mongolia.
(3) Winged flash spider
Heliophanus patagiatus is a species of spider in the family Heliophanidae. It is found in Europe, Russia and Xinjiang in China, mainly living in forests, orchards, and farmland. The type locality of this species is in Europe.
22. Spider genus
Ira is a genus of spiders in the family Jerrymphalidae.
(1) Long-chelated spiders
Iura longiochelicera is a species of spider in the family Iura. In China, it is distributed in Hunan, Fujian, Yunnan and other places. The type localities of this species are in Hunan, Fujian and Yunnan.
(2) Horned spider
Iura trigonapophysis is a species of spider in the family Iura. In China, it is distributed in Guangdong, Fujian and other places. The type localities of this species are Guangdong and Fujian.
(3) Yunnan warp spider
Iura yunnanensis is a species of spider in the family Iura. In China, it is distributed in Yunnan and other places. The type locality of this species is in Yunnan. The epithet yunnanensis means "Yunnan".
23. Genus Lange
Langerra is a genus of spiders in the family Langeridae. The type species of this genus is Langerra oculina.
(1) Long tarsal langar spider
Langerra longicymbium is a species of jumping spider in the family Langerra. In China, it is distributed in Hainan and other places. The type locality of this species is in Hainan.
(2) Eyed Lange spider
Langerra oculina is a species of jumping spider in the genus Langerra. It is found in Vietnam and Hainan in China. The type locality of this species is in Vietnam.
24. Leitch spider genus
Lechia is a genus of spiders in the family Lechia.
Lechia squamata is a species of jumping spider in the genus Lechia. It is found in Vietnam and Hainan in China. The type locality of this species is in Vietnam.
25. Fly lions
Marpissa is a genus in the family Marpissa.
(1) Long-bellied spiders
The long-bellied spider (scientific name: Mendoza elongata), also known as the arrow-shaped fly tiger or long-bellied fly lion, is a species of spider in the family Jumping spiders. The epithet "elongata" means "long".
(1) Morphological characteristics
Female: 6–7 mm long. The dorsal carapace is flattened, blackish-brown, with black edges. The eye area is black, covered with white fine hairs, the anterior eye row is straight, there is a long row of white hairs between the two anterior eyes, and there is 1 white spot on the outer side of the second eye column; There is a wider transverse leukoplakia behind the third eye column. There is a pair of figure-eight white patches on the posterior end of the chest, the eye area is wider than long, and the sides are parallel. chelicera, black-brown, anterior 2 teeth; Posterior tooth embankment 1 tooth. The thoracic plate is olive-shaped, more than 2 times as wide as long, brown in the middle, dark at the edges, with white hairs. Step I foot is thicker than step II. The abdomen is long and flat, the back is black-brown, with 4 pairs of vicissitudes, arranged equidistant from each other, the first pair is connected left and right into a transverse spot, the second and third pairs are in the shape of an "eight", and the last pair is smaller in the shape of an "eight". The ventral surface of the abdomen is yellowish-brown.
Males: 7–8 mm long. The body shape is similar to that of female spiders. There is a pair of large star-shaped white patches symmetrical left and right behind the eye area.
(2) Geographical distribution
It is distributed in North Korea, Japan and Heilongjiang, Beijing, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan, Fujian, Sichuan, Guizhou, Taiwan and other places in China, mainly inhabiting orchards and rice fields.
(2) Longitudinal fly lion
Marpissa magister is a species of fly lion in the family Jumping Arachnidae. It is distributed in Japan, Vietnam and China's Jilin, Shaanxi, Shandong, Henan, Zhejiang, Anhui, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou and other places, mostly living in rice fields, tea gardens, orchards, etc.
(1) Female spiders
Body length 9-11 mm. The dorsal armor is reddish-brown, with 1 black longitudinal stripe in the back of the eye area, 2-3 markings released to the sides, and the entire dorsal armor is covered with white hair. The eye area is black, occupying less than 1/2 of the head and thorax. The front side is slightly larger than the rear side. The anterior eye column is slightly anterior, and the second eye column is located between the first and third eye columns. chelicera, brownish-red, anterior 2 teeth, first tooth large; The posterior tooth embankment has 1 large tooth. The front of the chest plate is narrow, yellow. Except for the knees, tibia, and posterior tarsal segment of step I, which are pale yellowish-brown, the rest are yellowish-white with no wheel lines. Step I has the longest foot, thick shape, with 4 pairs of spines on the ventral surface of the tibia and 2 pairs of spines on the posterior tarsal segment. The abdomen is oblong and the posterior end is pointed and thin. The dorsal surface of the abdomen is yellowish brown, with a discontinuous brown fine longitudinal stripe in the center, a wide black-brown longitudinal band on both sides, and 1-2 pairs of black spots in the second half. There are 3 black-brown longitudinal stripes on the ventral surface of the abdomen.
(2) Male spiders
The body length is about 7 mm. The body is black-brown or black or has white spots. Large proportions of the head and thorax. anterior embankment 2 tooth midsection; The posterior tooth is 1 tooth at the claw. There are 3 longitudinal stripes from the ventral genital groove of the abdomen to the anterior spinner, the tentacle tibia is triangular, the terminal tip is curved inward, and the tarsal boat is short.
(3) Population distribution
It is distributed in Hubei, Shandong, Hunan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guizhou, Anhui, Henan, Shaanxi, Xinjiang, etc. Host crops include rice, fruit trees, tea, etc.
26. Flatfly tiger genus
Menemerus is a genus of animals in the family Menemeridae.
(1) Flower-backed flat fly tiger
The flower-backed flatfly tiger is a genus of flatfly tigers in the family Jumping Arachnidae. The length of the female spider is 7~7.2 mm. The frontal area of the cephalothorax is densely covered with fine white hairs with black-brown edges. The eye area is dark brown and accounts for 2/5 of the head and thorax. The chelicera, jawlobe, lower lip, and thoracic plate are black-brown. The footsteps are brown with white hairs and rings. The abdomen is flattened, oblong-oval, with a greyish-yellow ventral dorsal surface with large black spots, cloudy, dark black margins, and gray-black in the center. The length of the male spider is 5.9~6.2 mm. The antennae inserter has a bird's beak.
(2) Bau's flat fly tiger
Menemerus bivittatus, also known as Menemerus bivittatus, is a species of animal in the genus Menemerus in the family Cyptoidae. It is distributed in most of the international metropolises in the tropics, and is distributed in Vietnam, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Yunnan, Taiwan, the United States and other places in China. The type locality of this species is in Vietnam.
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