Cover News Reporter Zhang Jie Intern Liu Jiaxi
Du Shi is recognized as the best in Tang poetry, and one of the important criteria for judging is that Du Fu can fully control various poetic styles such as rhythm poetry and quake sentences, and all of them have reached a high level in their own way.
On the afternoon of 8 April, the 13th lecture in the series of lectures on "Du Fu Chengdu Poems" sponsored by Chuanguan News, Cover News, and Shangshang Culture ushered in the thirteenth lecture. In this lecture, Alai started with the theme of "Juejiu, Imitating Bamboo Branches into Different Tunes", and launched a pure literary discourse, focusing on Du Fu's "Jueji" artistic characteristics.
Alai in the lecture
Du Fu hates flowers, appreciates flowers, loves flowers, and keeps flowers
All are well documented in poetry
There are only four sentences in a quasi-sentence. But a poem cannot exhaust Du Fu's complicated mood, and the unfolding of spring is also temporal, and there is a process of continuous development. Therefore, Du Fu wrote many sets of poems about spring. In this lecture, Ah Lai interpreted the poems one by one, such as "Seven Absolute Sentences of Finding Flowers Alone by the River", "Nine Absolute Sentences of Manxing", and "Absolute Sentences Written from Dongchuan and Back to Caotang in the Spring of 764". In 760 AD, Du Fu received help from friends in Chengdu, had a place to settle down, and spent a wonderful spring. "Seven Sentences of Finding Flowers by the Riverside" is a group of poems written by Du Fu in the spring of this year, vividly showing Du Fu's mood of hating flowers, appreciating flowers, loving flowers, and keeping flowers.
Alai in the lecture
Du Fu clearly likes spring, but he said that he "fears the riverside with thick flowers and chaos, and fears spring when walking in danger." "That's the opposite. In the face of the good spring, he had a feeling of fear. Moreover, Du Fu is accustomed to deepening his subjective impression into the appreciation of scenery. "Ah said, "'Jiang Shen Zhu Jing Three and Two' is an objective description. But 'eventful red flowers reflect white flowers' is Du Fu's subjective judgment. He also didn't know how to 'repay the spring', so he probably could only drink wine and write poetry. ”
"It's not that you love flowers and you are willing to die, but I am afraid that I will spend all my time." The branches are easy to fall, and the young leaves are carefully opened. In this quaint sentence, Du Fu shows both love and fear of spring. He loves and nostalgic for spring flowers so much that he exaggerates that he is willing to sacrifice his life for this beauty, but he is worried that after the spring flowers bloom and pass, he will grow old and live in the world where the spring flowers have disappeared. In "Nine Songs of Absolute Sentences and Manxing", Du Fu still said the opposite about his favorite spring, saying that the flowers were blooming, the yellow warblers were too wordy, and the spring breeze bullied him. "It's like a spring breeze that blows a few flowers at night."
In the poem "The Ultimate Sentences Written in the Spring of 764 from Dongchuan and Back to Caotang," Du Fu wrote, "The river is beautiful in the late day, and the spring breeze is fragrant with flowers and plants." Mud melting flying swallows, sand warm sleeping mandarin ducks. "The birds are more than white, and the mountains are blue. Looking at it again this spring, when is the return to the year? "Two orioles chirping green willows, a line of egrets on the blue sky." The window contains the Xiling Thousand Autumn Snow, and the door is moored to the East Wu Wanli Ship. These sentences are now famous for eternity, and they are now read.
Alai in the lecture
Du Fu's quaint poems have been appreciated and analyzed by successive generations of literati. For example, Jin Shengxi has this explanation of Du Fu's nine quaint sentences in "Singing the Scripture Hall Du Shi Jie", "The nine poems have been written all the way from early spring, mid-spring, residual spring and early summer, all the way to the rapid streaming, human life is non-stop, and is worrying." The ninth poem is a sudden interjection. What if the middle path is suddenly cut off in early spring, or mid-spring, or not waiting for spring to enter summer? Shinai is sad and worried, annoyed and annoyed. Shen Hanguang has this evaluation in the "Detailed Notes on Du Shi", "But Taibai also has a light loss, but it is beyond the dust, and it is unique through the ages." Only Du Shi is one kind, which can be heavy but not light, there are scornful slang, there are sluggish people, there are scattered and sloppy people, although they are old and unstoppable, they are eventually other factions and cannot be effective. Speaking of this, Alai lamented that unlike contemporary literary criticism, ancient literary criticism paid special attention to commenting on the literary rhetorical characteristics of the works evaluated, and explaining why the author was so rhetoric.
Du Fu's sentence had a great impact
It became one of the sources of allusions for Su Shi to write quaint sentences
What is a quasi-sentence? Alai quoted the research and elaboration of the modern literary scholar Mr. Shi Jingcun in the "Hundred Words of Tang Poems" to describe the origin of the name "Juejiu". The meaning of "absolute" is "to cut off". "Four sentences and one must" is to complete a concept with four verses. The ancients called it "Liyiyi". A simple theme idea can be clearly expressed in four sentences, which is called a quasi-sentence. Complex thematic ideas can be expressed in eight, twelve, and sixteen sentences. We can say that there are two, three, or four absolutes in this poem. But it cannot be said that these are two, three, or four quasi-verses. "Jue" is not the same as "Jue". "Jue" is the passage of the poem that fits the passage of thought, and "Jue" is the formal name of the four-sentence poem.
Alai in the lecture
Alai mentioned that Du Fu's outstanding achievements in the quake are related to his ability to learn from folk arts such as bamboo branch words. Du Fu's achievements also influenced Su Dongpo to write absolute sentences, and became one of the sources of allusions to Su Shi's writing of absolute sentences. For example, Su Dongpo wrote in "Second Rhyme Yang Gongji Fengyi Plum Blossom Ten Songs": "The sunrise ice scatters the water spray, and the wild plum official willow gradually slopes." The western suburbs want to drink poets, Huang Siniang Dongzi Meijia. ”
In addition, it is particularly worth mentioning that Alai read Du poetry, not just to acquire a literary knowledge, but to pay attention to the nourishment of classical poetry as a way to cope with the anxiety caused by uncertainty in life. He came down from a remote mountain in Guizhou this morning, and the train stopped for dozens of minutes on the way, causing him to miss the high-speed train from Guiyang to Chengdu, so that he returned to Chengdu more than two hours later than originally scheduled. "When I was feeling anxious, I thought about how Du Fu had coped with the uncertainty he was experiencing."
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