#如何做健康老年人 #
1. Western medicine:
1. Zopiclon:
It is a sedative-hypnotic drug, belonging to the cyclopyrrodone class, which can cause rapid sleep onset and maintain sleep without shortening total rapid eye movement sleep, maintaining slow wave sleep, and low residual effect in the next morning. Has hypnotic, sedative, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant effects. However, the binding sites of action of zopiclones and other cyclopyrrolidones differ from those of benzodiazepines, including inducing conformational changes in receptor complexes. 适用于成人严重睡眠障碍的短期治疗，偶尔失眠和一过性失眠。
In terms of safety, zopiclone is rare in nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, epigastric pain, irritability, and mental disorders; Some patients have headache and fatigue; Occasionally, bitter mouth (occurs when the concentration of saliva drugs is higher than 50mg/L), dry mouth, muscle weakness, drunkenness, and daytime sleepiness; Abrupt discontinuation of medication after long-term medication will cause withdrawal symptoms (due to the short half-life of the drug, so it appears faster), mild agitation, anxiety, myalgia, tremor, nightmares, rebound insomnia, nausea and vomiting, rare heavier spasm, cloudy consciousness.
2. Zolpidem:
It is a hypnotic agent that produces pharmacological effects by selectively binding to the omega 1-receptor subtype of the central nervous system. When the dose is small, it can shorten the time to fall asleep and prolong the sleep time; At larger doses, second-phase sleep, slow-wave sleep (third and fourth phase sleep) are prolonged, and REM sleep time is shortened. 适用于治疗偶发性、暂时性失眠症。
在安全性方面，唑吡坦常见幻觉、激动、梦魇、抑郁、共济失调、精神错乱、兴奋、嗜睡、头痛、头昏、失眠及失眠症加剧、认知障碍、复视、视力异常、消化不良、打嗝、腹泻、恶心、腹痛、关节痛、肌痛、背痛、上呼吸道感染、下呼吸道感染、疲劳、尿路感染等不良反应。
3. Alprazolam:
属于苯二氮䓬类催眠镇静药和抗焦虑药。 该药作用于中枢神经系统的苯二氮䓬受体，加强中枢抑制性神经递质γ-氨基丁酸与其受体的结合，增强突触抑制，使神经元的兴奋性降低。 具有抗焦虑、镇静、骨骼肌松弛等作用。 It can cause inhibition of different parts of the central nervous system, and with the increase of dosage, the clinical manifestations can range from mild sedation to hypnosis and even coma. Suitable for the treatment of anxiety, depression, insomnia, fear.
在安全性方面，阿普唑仑常见睡意、头晕目眩、抑郁、头痛、意识模糊、失眠、焦虑、头晕、困倦、嗜睡、口干、便秘、腹泻、恶心、呕吐、窦性心动过速、心悸、视野模糊、震颤、皮炎、过敏等不良反应。
4. Estazolam:
为苯二氮䓬类镇静催眠药，作用机制与其选择性作用于大脑边缘系统，与中枢苯二氮䓬受体结合而促进γ-氨基丁酸的释放，促进突触传导功能有关，具有较强的镇静、催眠、抗惊厥与抗焦虑作用。 Indicated for short-term treatment of insomnia characterized by difficulty falling asleep, frequent night awakenings, and/or early awakening.
在安全性方面，艾司唑仑常见虚弱、下肢疼痛、背疼、身体疼痛、胸痛、恶心、消化不良、腹痛、僵硬、嗜睡、运动障碍、紧张、头晕、共济失调、宿醉、混乱、抑郁、梦异、思维异常、头痛、心神不安、感冒、咽炎、瘙痒等不良反应。
2. Proprietary Chinese Medicine:
1. Zao Ren Anshen capsules:
The ingredients are fried jujube kernels, vinegar schisandra and danshen. Fangzhong sour jujube kernel taste acid, ganping, tonify heart blood, nourish liver blood, calm the mind, sweat, for the medicine. Schisandra invigorates qi and vitality, nourishes the kidney and calms the heart, collects sweat, and is a medicine. Danshen nourishes the blood and invigorates the blood, removes troubles and calms the spirit, and is used as an adjuvant. The three medicines are combined, and the effect of nourishing blood and calming the spirit is together.
在临床上，枣仁安神胶囊用于治疗失眠症属心胆气虚证，症见心悸胆怯，不易入睡，寐后易惊，遇事善惊，气短倦怠，自汗乏力。
2. Depressant and calming granules:
The ingredients are Chai Hu, Yujin, Dragon's Tooth, Fried Jujube Kernel, Yuanzhi, Lily, Fried Baishu, Poria, Fried Gardenia, Calamus, Gall Nanxing, Ginger Banxia, Angelica, Licorice, Jujube, Floating Wheat. Fang Zhong Chai Hu, Yu Jin Shu the liver and regulate qi, clear the heart and relieve depression, adjust the mood, and are all the medicine. Dragon Tooth calms the mind; Sour jujube kernels nourish blood and calm the spirit; Yuanzhi traffic heart and kidney; Lily purifies the mind and calms the mind; Bai Shu Jian Spleen is dry and damp, to capitalize the source; Zhuo Ling strengthens the spleen, calms the mind, and is a medicine. Gardenia pouring fire to relieve troubles, cool blood and calm the spirit; Calamus turns turbidity and opens the mind, awakens the mind and strengthens the brain; Gallbladder south star, half summer clear heat phlegm, rest the wind and calm the alarm; Angelica regulates qi and blood; Jujube, floating wheat and medium urgency, nourish the mind and calm the mind, and are used as adjuvants. Licorice harmonizes the medicines, for the medicine. The combination of various medicines plays the effect of relieving depression and calming the mind.
Clinically, anti-depressant granules are used to treat insomnia is liver depression and qi stagnation, the symptoms are difficulty falling asleep, dreaming easily or difficulty falling asleep after waking up, chest tightness, hypochondrium, irritability, anxiety, forgetfulness.
3. Sweet Dream Oral Liquid:
The ingredients are eleuthero, yellow essence, silkworm moth, mulberry, codonopsis, astragalus, sand kernel, goji berry, hawthorn, cooked ground yellow, burnt epimedium, tangerine peel, poria, horse money, fa banxia, ze diarrhea, yam. Fang Zhong Eleuthero strengthens the spleen and kidneys, calms the mind and increases intelligence; Huangjing nourishes the kidney and spleen, replenishes the spleen and invigorates qi, and the two nourish the mind and calm the mind, and are both royal medicines. Cooked ground, goji berries, mulberries, silkworm moths, epimedium tonic kidney filling lean pith; Codonopsis, astragalus, yam invigorates qi and strengthens the spleen, and is a common medicine. Poria, Ze diarrhea and spleen moisture; Banxia, sand kernels, tangerine peel, hawthorn qi to appetize and dissipate, so that the whole side replenishes without stagnation; Strychnia penetrates the meridians and is a supporter. It plays the effect of invigorating qi and tonifying the kidney, strengthening the spleen and stomach, nourishing the mind and calming the mind.
在临床上，甜梦口服液用于治疗失眠属于脾肾两虚证，症见头晕耳鸣，视减听衰，健忘，食欲不振，腰膝酸软，心慌气短。
4. Calm the mind and strengthen the brain fluid:
The ingredients are ginseng, wheat dong, schisandra (vinegar), goji berries, and danshen. Fang Zhong ginseng replenishes vitality, invigorates heart qi, calms the mind and increases wisdom, and is a monarch medicine. Mai Dong has a sweet and cold taste, nourishes the heart yin, generates jin liquid, clears the heart and heat, removes troubles and calms the spirit, and is a medicine. Schisandra invigorates qi and yin, calms the mind; Goji berries replenish liver and kidney, sperm and blood, and two drugs supplement heart and kidney; Danshen has a bitter taste, cold blood heat, invigorates blood veins, generates new blood, nourishes blood and calms the spirit, and is used as an adjuvant. All-round matching, with the effect of invigorating qi and nourishing blood, nourishing yin and rejuvenating, nourishing the mind and calming the spirit.
Clinically, Anshenjian cerebral fluid is used to treat insomnia is a deficiency of qi and blood, the symptoms are restlessness, insomnia, difficulty falling asleep, dreaminess, easy to wake up, fatigue, dry mouth, red tongue, and fine pulse.