Vladivostok (Vladivostok)
This beautiful coastal port city, which belonged to China until 1860, was robbed by Tsarist Russia.
This place has been inhabited since the Neolithic period, originally inhabited by nomads, and later by the Bohai Kingdom, Liao, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. The Manchus gave the name "Vladivostok", which means "small fishing village by the sea".
1. More than 1 million square kilometers of land that were robbed!
In modern history since 1839, almost all the great powers have come to China to invade, split, cut land, and suck blood, among which Japan and Tsarist Russia have done the most harm to China, which are two countries that have posed a threat to China with the destruction of the country.
China's territory occupied by Tsarist Russia is as high as 1.54 million square kilometers, and if you count the independent Outer Mongolia, this figure will double. The half of the Black Blind Island, which China negotiated a few years ago, covers an area of 171 square kilometers, accounting for only one-ten-thousandth of the territory China has lost.
Territorial changes over the past 500 years
It may seem that this number is small, but if you have a little understanding of the history of Sino-Russian and Sino-Soviet relations, you know that it is not easy to do this.
China and Russia are neighbors with the longest land borders with each other, and the border between the two countries has gradually formed over three hundred years and has a complex background.
Initially there was no territorial problem between China and Russia, because the two countries did not border, and the Qing dynasty, which ruled China at that time, did not even know that there was a tsarist Russia in the world. By the middle of the 17th century, the Russian Cossacks, after conquering the Siberian Khanate, continued to advance rapidly eastward, reaching the Sea of Okhotsk and Heilongjiang, and the Qing and Tsarist Russia became neighbors.
At the beginning of the contact, the Kangxi Emperor once beat those "explorers" to the head, but when the Qing Dynasty declined, Tsarist Russia, which had the strongest desire for land, made a comeback, relying on strong force to continuously encroach on the land in northeast and northwest China through a series of unequal treaties.
Soviet Russia invaded the territory of China
The Treaty of Yaohun, signed in 1858, was the treaty with the largest loss of territory in modern Chinese history, cutting off a total of 1 million square kilometers of land north of the Heilongjiang River and east of the Ussuri River.
The Sino-Russian Treaty of Beijing signed in 1860 was when the Anglo-French army invaded Beijing, Russia pretended to be good people to mediate, and then claimed that it had contributed to mediating the war, forcing the Qing Dynasty to sign this unequal treaty, permanently belonging to Russia the land north of the Heilongjiang River and east of the Ussuri River (including Vladivostok).
The Treaty of the Northwest Boundary between China and Russia, signed in 1864, occupied 440,000 square kilometers of northwest China.
In 1911, on the eve of the fall of the Qing Dynasty, Tsarist Russia forced Zhou Shumo, the governor of Heilongjiang, to sign the Treaty of Manzhouli, although because of the fall of the Qing Dynasty, it did not have time to sign it, but still took the opportunity to occupy 1400 square kilometers of land.
In order to completely occupy these lands, Tsarist Russia also carried out a number of inhuman massacres, the more famous of which were the Hailan Pao and Jiangdong 64 Tun massacres. Under the pretext of the Boxer Rebellion, Tsarist Russia efficiently "cleared" the Chinese in these two places within four days by shooting fire, burning them, and driving them into the river, with more than 20,000 victims and corpses floating on the surface of the Heilongjiang River.
Hailan bubble has since become "Blagoveshchensk", which means "City of Annunciation" in Russian.
Boli, who became "Khabarovsk", is named after the "explorer" who invaded China during the Kangxi Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty and plundered the inhabitants of the Daur and Solon ethnic groups in China.
Vladivostok, which became "Vladivostok", which means "conquest of the East" in Russian, remains the largest port city on Russia's Pacific coast and the seat of the Pacific Fleet Command.
Northeast China lost access to the Sea of Japan
These places, which originally belonged to China during the Liaojin, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties, have been forever changed to foreign countries, and even carry insulting names - for Tsarist Russia, it is "annunciation", "conquest", but it is an eternal pain in Chinese's heart.
However, Tsarist Russia soon followed in the footsteps of the Qing dynasty, and after exhausting its people in World War I, it collapsed in 1917 and was replaced by Soviet Russia,—— a major historical change that gave Chinese hope of territorial return.