Shangri-La Lake, Muli. Liangshan Daily all-media reporter bought Rui
Editor's note: On March 27, the official website of Sichuan Culture and Tourism Department officially released the news that according to the national standards of "Classification and Assessment of Quality Levels of Tourist Attractions" and "Measures for the Management of Quality Levels of Tourist Attractions", after the initial inspection and recommendation of the municipal (prefecture) tourism resource commission (scenic judging committee) and provincial assessment, 17 tourist attractions such as Danjingtai Tourist Scenic Area in Chengdu Eastern New Area met the requirements of the national 4A tourist attraction standard and were determined to be national 4A tourist attractions. Among them, our state is on the list, namely Jianchang Ancient City Scenic Area in Xichang City and Seranibu Scenic Area in Muli County.
Muli Tibetan Autonomous County is located in the southwest edge of Sichuan Province, northwest of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, with continuous mountains and valleys, and has won the reputation of "mountains and seas, forests, and clouds" because of its unique plateau landscape formed by snow-capped mountains, lakes, forests and grasslands. The county is inhabited by 21 ethnic groups, including Tibetan, Yi, Han, Mongolian, and Naxi, and the Dongba culture, Xumi culture, matrilineal culture, and other cultures are colorful and shining. In the Master Plan of Shangri-La Ecotourism Zone of China, completed in 2008, the whole area of Muli County was included in the "Shangri-La Ecotourism Core Area of China", located in the heart of the eco-tourism zone, and 90% of the mileage and landscape of the famous "Rock Route" are in Muli County.
Seranibu Scenic Area is named after the sacred mountain, "Seranibu" local Tibetans called "Muzige", it consists of 113 handsome peaks, "Seranibu" scenic area is located in the foothills of Daniyabu Mountain, Taoba Village, Brickyard Town, Muli Tibetan Autonomous County, covering an area of 13.06 square kilometers, like a jewel set between lofty mountains, the vertical change of altitude of 2040 to 4600 meters in the scenic area, shaping a beautiful and colorful vegetation landscape layer. The tourism resources of Seranibu Scenic Area are divided into 8 main categories, 21 subcategories, 53 basic types, and a total of 174 resource units.
When it comes to Muli County, people are all impressed by her beauty, yes, beautiful Muli, like an ethereal fairy isolated from the world, meadows, snowy mountains, forests, plateaus, lama temples, the bluest sky, fresh and pure air... The beauty of Muri is beyond the traditional world.
For a long, long time in history, the land of Muli has been covered with a magical veil and is not known to outsiders. It was not until the early 20th century that an Austrian-American botanist, geographer, anthropologist and explorer named Joseph Iver Locke (1884-1962) became known to the world.
The origin of the name Kiri
Located in the northwest of our prefecture, Muli Tibetan Autonomous County covers an area of 13,252 square kilometers, spanning the Yalong River in the east, the Gongga Mountain in the west, the Jinsha River in the south, and Kardze Prefecture in the north.
Historically, Muli has always been under the jurisdiction of Yanyuan County, and after the founding of the People's Republic of China, Muli remained part of Yanyuan County. On February 19, 1953, the Muli Tibetan Autonomous Region (county-level) was formally established. In May 1955, it was changed to Muli Tibetan Autonomous County.
The Tibetan word for muli means far-reaching, broad, and beautiful. Muli, as a place name, should have appeared at the end of the Qing Dynasty, according to the book "Overview of Yanyuan County" of the Republic of China: "The name of Muli place is first included in the map, when it is from the end of the Qing Dynasty." The Sichuan sub-map of the late Qing Dynasty contains the Miri Temple, which is the sound change of Muli. This means that because one of the great temples is called Muli, the name of the Great Temple of Muli is the general name of the whole territory.
In 1925, after Joseph Ivor Locke returned to the United States on his first visit to Muli, he wrote the article "The Kingdom of Muli of the Chinese Yellow Sect", which wrote: "One of the least known places in the world is this independent lama kingdom, Muli, or Miri, located in the southwesternmost tip of China's Sichuan Province. From another side, it supports the saying that "Miri is the sound change of Muli".
According to a batch of Tibetan materials translated by Mr. Yi Zheng Tashi and Mr. Lu Rong Geding in 1984, the exact time when Muli appeared as a place name should be the 7th year of the Yongzheng Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty, that is, in 1729 AD, when the Qing government awarded the Liuzang Tudu Printing Signal Paper to the then Muli Grand Lama (the eighth generation), named him the "Appeasement Division", and explicitly ordered him to "live in Mumuli".
At the very least, this should be the exact time when the official name of Muli is identified.
Locke's Three Crossing Tours
According to historical records, Joseph Ivey Locke went to Muli three times in 1924, 1928, 1930, from
I was fascinated by Kiri. In his diary on the way, he wrote:
"Sleeping in the tent that night, I had a very strange dream. In my dream, I returned to the fairytale land surrounded by mountains - Muli. It is so beautiful and serene. I also dreamed of gold and wealth in the Middle Ages, of buttered lamb and pine torches, of how comfortable, comfortable and beautiful everything was. ”
In the spring of 1924, Locke entered Muli for the first time. He set off from Lijiang, crossed the Jinsha River through Yongning, followed Lugu Lake to Wolaping, and reached Muli Temple via Lijia Tsui, Yajiao, and Yuexilin Mountain. Locke stopped at the Muli Great Temple for three days, visited Toast and presented a rifle, 250 rounds of ammunition and other gifts. Muli Toast returned a golden bowl, two Buddha statues and a leopard skin, among other things. Locke took pictures of the toast and the ninth living Buddha, as well as the main temple and Buddha statues.
After returning to the United States, he wrote the article "The Kingdom of Muli of the Yellow Sect Lama of China", and attached 106 photos taken during the investigation in Muli, which were published in the April 1925 issue of National Geographic, systematically introducing the political, economic, cultural, religious and folk conditions of Muli to the world, leaving valuable historical materials for understanding the situation in Muli at that time.
Locke visited Muli for the second time in 1928, also from the direction of Lijiang to Muli Temple. He then went to Gongga Mountain (Daocheng Aden) via Shuiluo, which lasted for more than a month.
Locke's third visit to Muli was in 1930. With the help of the Great Lama Muli, he crossed Muli and headed for Mount Gonggar. In this diary, he wrote:
"Under the arrangement of Muli Toast, I and 21 Naxi entourage set off from the carpentry factory over the Litang Country to the Gonggaling area, the mountain road curved through the forest formed by fir and oak trees, a variety of rhododendrons scattered in the depths of the dense forest, verdant green trees and pale yellow tree hangings contrasted, fresh air and colorful azaleas, as well as peonies and primroses hidden in the trees, really making this place like a garden for fairy wandering. A tributary of the Shuiluo River originating from the peak of the Charang Dorji Mountain comes to the foot of the snowy mountain, when the clouds suddenly open, revealing the true face of the guardian of thunder and lightning, a cropped pyramid, the walls on both sides of it like the wings of a huge bat, this is a fairy scenic spot that no one knows. ”
According to Locke's article "The Kingdom of Muli of the Chinese Yellow Lama", Locke's friend, the British novelist James Hilton, wrote the novel "The Lost Horizon" against the backdrop, which became the best-seller at the time and won the famous Hawsanden Literary Prize in Britain. The Dictionary of British Writers states that one of the book's achievements was the creation of the term "paradise" for English vocabulary.
In 1937, Italian film director Frank Capra made the book into a movie, which became a sensation after its release.
In 1944, Hollywood invested $2.5 million to bring Shangri-La to the screen again, and the theme song "This Beautiful Shangri-La" spread around the world. So the world knew "Shangri-La". For more than half a century, Shangri-La has been the "ideal kingdom for harmonious coexistence between man and nature".
Therefore, it is not an exaggeration to say that Muli is the "Shangri-La" in the movie, the last home of "Shangri-La".
Thought of by the "Shangri-La" controversy
For thousands of years, in the three canyons of Sun, Ninglang and Gongga, there are the oldest peoples and legends, and the magical and beautiful natural scenery is like a dusty landscape album. It was opened by Locke more than 90 years ago and was called "God's Garden of Navigation", allowing the world to see the magnificent and beautiful landscape paintings and mysterious style scrolls.
Since the mid-50s of the 20th century, India, Nepal, Bhutan and other countries have claimed "Shangri-La" in their respective countries out of the need to develop their own tourism.
Among them, in 1956, the National Tourism Board of India publicly declared the small town of Baltistan under the Himalayan ice peak as "Shangri-La", which has attracted a large number of tourists for more than 30 years and generated nearly 700 million US dollars in tourism revenue for India.
In February 1996, several staff members of Yunnan Tourism Group's travel agency visited several major attractions against Lost Horizon in an attempt to find the exact location of Shangri-La. In conversations with Tibetan cadres in Deqin and Zhongdian, they discovered that "Deqin" and "Shangri-La" mean paradise in Tibetan.
In April 1996, a "Shangri-La Mission" composed of 12 domestic and foreign tourism experts arrived in Zhongdian to conduct large-scale investigation, research and demonstration of Deqin from literature, ethnicity, religion, language, geography, Tibetology and many other aspects. In September 1997, the Yunnan provincial government solemnly announced that the word "Shangri-La" in the Deqin Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in southern China first appeared in the British novel The Lost Horizon, and that the true source of its language came from a Tibetan dialect somewhere in southwest China.
Locke lived in China for 27 years, and in his later years he longed to return to China despite his serious illness in Hawaii, writing to a friend: "If all goes well, I will return to Lijiang to finish my work... I'd rather die on that scenic mountain than sit alone in a white-walled hospital room waiting for God's call."
On December 5, 1962, Locke completed his lonely journey in Hawaii.
Today, Locke's former residence in Xuesong Village under the Jade Dragon Snow Mountain has been turned into an exhibition hall. Shotguns, woodworking tools, dental instruments, furniture, clothing he wore, precious photographs and writings taken in the last century are displayed here.
Source|Liangshan News Network