New arachnidae - Golden Arachnidae
Eukaryotic domain
animal kingdom
Subkingdom of eumetazoa
Ecdyanimal main phylum
Arthropod phylum
Subphylum Chelicera
Arachnids (Arachnida)
Araneae
Suborder Neoarachnidae
General family of golden spiders (Family Round Arachnidae)
Araneoidea, also known as the family Araneoidea, is a member of the new arachnid suborder.
1. Subordinates
Anapidae
Araneidae
Cyatholipidae
Linyphiidae
Subfamily Erigoninae
Family Mysmenidae
Nephilidae
Nesticidae
Family Pimoidae
Symphytognathidae
Synotaxidae
Long-legged spider family (Tetragnathidae)
Hypdenidae (Theridiidae)
Theridiosomatidae
2. Arachnidae
Linyphiidae is a member of the family Linyphiidae in the suborder Neoarachnidae. There are 569 genera and 4314 species known worldwide belonging to the family Cerambycidae. In addition, it is divided into six subfamilies.
Most spiders in the family Cerambycidae are only 1.5 to 3 mm in size, and the average person will only notice their dewy webs. These webs are usually woven near the ground in grass or in bushes, and they are usually horizontal or slightly curved in the shape of a canopy. In late summer and autumn, it is also common to see the silk they use to float in the wind. Some microspiders are also active in winter.
(1) Lifestyle and hunting
The color of spiders in the family Cerambycidae camouflages them so that their natural predators are not easily visible when they are under their horizontal webs. Their belly is facing upwards, so they are darker in color, and it is difficult to see them when viewed from above towards the ground. Their backs are lighter in color, so they are also not easily visible relative to bright skies.
The spider stays underneath the center of the canopy web, and the underside of the canopy net is woven together with silk. The mesh on it is sticky, and prey will stick to it. Some spiders will shake prey stuck to it so that they fall on the silk below, but not all spiders use this method. They use their chelates to bite their prey through the net, anesthetizing them. They then bite the net and drag the prey underneath to digest it externally. After digesting their prey, they go to repair the destroyed net.
The webs of the family Cerambycidae resemble those of multi-layered funnel spiders and loose but highly sticky webs of the family Ji spiders. But the hunting posture of spiders in the family Cerambycidae is very special.
Sexually mature male spiders rarely weave their own webs, but instead look for a female spider. Hours after mating, the male spider still lives in the female spider's web, but is squeezed to the edge of the web.
(2) Living environment and extension methods
Arachnidae live in all climates, in many different environments, such as on the beaches of the Congo, in the Himalayas, and all the way to the coast of the Arctic. Some of these genera are found almost worldwide.
The larvae of many other spiders use "flying wires" to let the wind carry them away, so that they do not kill each other where the larvae are too dense. Adults of the family Arachnidae also use this method to span large distances. From summer to winter, a large number of spiders of the family Arachnidae use this method, which is very effective in spreading to other places.
The spider can stretch its hind body into the air and secrete a flying wire. After the fly reaches a certain length, the wind is able to carry it and the spider away. In winter, when the wind is quiet, the air on the ground can also take the spider away after being heated by the sun. Especially in autumn and winter, these silk are very eye-catching, because many spiders travel through this method.
They can rise to a height of thousands of meters and span distances of hundreds of kilometers. The plane intercepts spiders of the family Arachnidae. In 1832, Charles Darwin wrote in his diary that he had captured countless small spiders on a ship a hundred kilometers from the coast of South America. Spiders of the family Cerambycidae can adjust altitude and flight time by changing the length of their silk. But only a few survived after the flight. Most fall into water or unsuitable environments, and a few are eaten by birds. Only by their large number they can migrate to distant islands.
British proverbly calls spiders "money spiders", and if they fall on a person, they bring money to that person.
(3) Subordinates
Subfamily Erigoninae
(4) Subfamily Microspiders
The subfamily Erigoninae is one of the six subfamilies of Linyphiidae, the largest of which is the largest of them; The family is itself the second largest family of spiders. Like other spider species, spiders called "money spiders" in the British colloquially include species in this subfamily. They believe that if these "money spiders" fall on a person, they will bring money to that person.
The exact taxonomic boundaries of this subfamily are still unknown, but the number of species described has exceeded 2,000.
(1) Frontal spiders
Caviphantes is a genus of spiders in the family Caviphanteidae.
A. Three-toothed frontal hairy spider
The three-toothed frontal spider (Caviphantes samensis) is a genus of frontal spiders in the family Caviphantes. It is found in Japan and Jilin and other places in Chinese mainland. The type locality of this species is in Japan.
B. Membranous frontal hairy spider
Caviphantes glumaceus is a genus of frontal spiders in the family Caviphantes. In Chinese mainland, it is distributed in Xinjiang and other places. The type locality of this species is in Xinjiang.
c. Stone-frontal hairy spider
Caviphantes pseudosaxetorum is a genus of spiders in the family Caviphanteidae. It is distributed in Nepal and Hubei in Chinese mainland.
(2) Pectoral spiders
Toschia is a genus of spiders in the family Cerambycidae, first described by Lodovico di Caporiacco in 1949.
The hidden flat-breasted spider (Toschia celans) is a species of flat-breasted spider in the subfamily Microspideraceae. This species is found in Pingyuan County, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China [1], and inhabits decaying trees and bark. The type specimen was kept in the Department of Biology, Bethune Medical University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China.
The morphology and distribution of this species are very similar to those of Toschia aberdarensis Holm, 1962, belonging to the same genus as Kenya, East Africa.
3. Dendrosapiaceae
The family Mysmenidae includes 91 species in 22 genera. Worldwide distribution. It is small and lives in grass and bush thorns in mountain side ditches.
Physical characteristics: small body. It lives in grasses and shrub thorns in mountain side ditches, and is covered with small conical nets.
4. Pyridae
(1) Pie model spider
Paimo spiders, arthropods of the family Pyridae, live in crypts.
They live in warm, humid environments, but due to the effects of the glacial age and the cooler and drier climate in the north, they are forced into burrows and become relict groups in the north.
(2) Wulipo model spider
The Wulipo model spider (scientific name: Pimoa wulipoensis Irfan) is a new spider species found in Chongqing Wulipo National Nature Reserve.
(1) History of speciology
In December 2021, Zhang Zhisheng's research team at Southwest University has published two new species of Arachnidae in the Journal of Arachnidology. The specimen was collected by Wang Luyu on October 6, 2021. Only one male specimen of the new species was found in this collection, and its female specimen has not yet been collected.
(2) Distribution range
Paimo arachnidae is a spider group mainly distributed in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and surrounding areas, which is very rich in species in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Hengduan Mountains, and the discovery of new species of this taxa in Wulipo Nature Reserve this time indicates that the area retains some endemic species formed by the eastward spread of the Hengduan Mountain Range and the southern slope of the Qinling Mountains.
5. Sphere arachnidae
Theridiosomatidae consists of 75 species in 12 genera. Wendilgarda coddingtoni is found in China only in Guizhou. It belongs to the family Ulidae.
(1) Physical characteristics
The web has 3 or 4 strands of filaments radiating outward, pulling a spider silk from the center of the web onto a nearby branch, giving the web a conical shape. When prey sticks, the central filament that was originally taut is relaxed, allowing the net to return to its original position and catch the insect. Most are less than 3 mm long and are commonly found near streams or in wet areas. Representative species: spheroid spider.
(2) Sphere spiders
Sphere spiders, arachnidae spheroidae. There are many kinds. It is famous for weaving conical nets. Most are less than 3 mm ( 1/8 inch ) long , and are commonly found near streams or in humid areas. The web has 3 or 4 strands of filaments radiating outward, and the spider pulls a spider silk from the center of the web onto a nearby branch, giving the web a conical shape. When an insect sticks to the net, the spider relaxes the central filament tightened by it, allowing the web to return to its original position and catch the insect.
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