The leader of the Jin people finished Yan A Bone and fought the Jianguo Dajin. Emperor Huizong of Song thought that there was an opportunity, so he sent an envoy to Jin to propose "Lianjin to destroy Liao". Song attacked Yanjing, but returned without success. Jin captured Linxuan and Liao died. Song paid a huge ransom to Jin in exchange for Yanjing and other places. However, in this military cooperation, Jin saw through the weakness of the Northern Song Dynasty, and under the pretext that the Northern Song Dynasty was hosting Jin rebels and Liao's widows, he divided his troops and went south, heading towards Bianliang. Emperor Qin ascended the throne and discussed with Jin Ren, and Jin Ren returned north. In the following year, the second year of Jingkang (1127), the Jin people went south, captured Bianliang (Jing) (present-day Kaifeng), and took two sects north, known in history as the "Hardship of Jingkang", and the Northern Song Dynasty perished. In 1127, the Jin Dynasty withdrew its troops from Bianjing and installed Zhang Bangchang as the puppet Chu emperor. Emperor Huizong's only son Zhao the Prince of Kang was out of prison, and Zhang Bangchang was unable to resist it, and in the name of Empress Dowager Meng, he issued an edict to make him emperor.
On the first day of the fifth month of the second year of Jingkang (June 12, 1127), Zhao Zhi officially ascended the throne at Yingtianfu (also known as the Gui De Army, known as Guide Fu by Jin, in modern Shangqiu, Henan) in Nanjing, and rebuilt the Song Dynasty. At that time, the Song Dynasty still controlled Henan and Guanzhong Province. Emperor Gaozong reused the main battle faction, with Li Gang as the prime minister and Zong Zezhen defending Bianliang, and defeated the Jin soldiers many times, which made the situation slightly stable. However, Emperor Gaozong had no determination to confront the Jin Dynasty, deposed Li Gang and others, and repeatedly refused Zong Ze's requests for him to return to Bianliang to preside over the overall situation. Soon Emperor Gaozong fled south to Yangzhou. Zhao Gong of Yan pretended to be Emperor Gaozong's disciple Zhao Hao the Prince of Xin, and gathered troops to resist the Jin Dynasty, seeking Emperor Gaozong's support, also known as Emperor Gaozong's support for restraint (once uncharacteristically stated that he wanted to return to Beijing after hearing that he wanted to enter Beijing to worship his ancestors), resulting in his eventual defeat. Zong Ze also died of indignation. Du Chong, who was sent by Emperor Gaozong to take over Hebei, caused the complete collapse of the Hebei rebel army.
In the second year of Jianyan (1128), after Jin completed Yan Zongbi, he continued to invade the south, and Emperor Gaozong of Song fled south to Hangzhou, and elevated Hangzhou to Lin'an Prefecture in preparation for the future establishment of the capital. In 1129, the Miao-Liu Mutiny of the Southern Song Dynasty, which deposed Emperor Gaozong and installed his son Zhao Min the Duke of Wei as emperor, was immediately put down. In the autumn of the same year, Emperor Gaozong continued to wave his army south, and Emperor Gaozong took a ship to take refuge at sea. In the spring of the following year, the Jin army returned to the division, and the Song general Han Shizhong led 8,000 elite troops to block the 50,000 Jin army at Huangtiandang for 48 days, which is known in history as the Battle of Huangtiandang.[2][3] In the autumn of 1130, Jin focused on attacking Guanzhong , and the Jin state made Liu Yu emperor with the state name Qi (pseudo-Qi) to strengthen its rule over the region south of the Yellow River[better source needed]. From the third year of Jianyan (1129) to the eighth year of Shaoxing (1138), Jiankang (present-day Nanjing) was briefly the de facto capital of the Southern Song Dynasty. In the first month of the eighth year of Shaoxing (1138), Emperor Gaozong of Song left Jiankang and made his capital Lin'an (present-day Hangzhou). In the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Jiankang was still the capital of Liu, because Jiankang was too close to the Huai River, in order to avoid the southern invasion of the Jin people and quickly attacked, Emperor Gaozong of Song set the capital at Lin'an, so the capital Kaifeng has always been regarded as the orthodox capital. During this period, the Huaixi Mutiny that occurred in the seventh year of Shaoxing (1137), in which the Huaixi Song army surrendered to Jin, greatly frustrated the Southern Song army, and also caused the Southern Song Dynasty's posture to resist Jin to turn conservative.
In order to seek peace with the Jin Dynasty, Emperor Gaozong of Song appointed the traitor Qin Hui as the prime minister, and borrowed Qin Huan's hand to kill the father and son of the famous anti-Jin generals Yue Fei and Yue Yun on trumped-up charges
Emperor Gaozong of Song was afraid that the victory of the soldiers over the Hui dynasty would be arbitrary and difficult to control; He was also worried that Emperor Qin would be supported by the Jin people to challenge his imperial rule, so in 1138 he appointed Qin Hui as the prime minister and asked Jin for peace. Qin Hui cut off the military power of the anti-Jin general Han Shizhong, and in 1138 Song and Jin first negotiated peace, and the Southern Song Dynasty made a vassal to Jin, but took back Henan and Shaanxi, including Kaifeng Province, which can be said to be a major diplomatic victory. In 1140, the Jin Dynasty tore up the agreement, and the Jin army invaded the south in three ways, reoccupying Henan, Shaanxi and other places, and the Song army achieved brilliant results under the command of many famous anti-Jin generals. In particular, Yue Fei fought the Jin general Yan Zongbi at Haocheng, defeated the Jin soldiers, took the opportunity to enter Zhuxian Town, and recovered the area south of the Yellow River, only forty-five miles from Kaifeng. Later, Emperor Gaozong first recalled the troops of the Northern March, and then ordered Yue Fei's class to return to the dynasty with twelve gold medals. Later, he noticed the results of Yue Fei's Northern Expedition, and then ordered him to suspend his squad to continue the Northern Expedition, but it was too late. In January 1142, Emperor Gaozong of Song killed Yue Fei's father and son on trumped-up charges, completely seizing the power of the generals. Song and Jin signed the Shaoxing Peace Conference, and Emperor Gaozong of Song paid tribute to the Jin dynasty in exchange for an armistice in the southeastern half of An. Compared with the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the stable Southern Song Dynasty no longer controlled Hebei, Henan, Shandong, and Guanzhong, and its territory shrank significantly. In 1149, King Wanyanliang of Jin Hailing staged a coup d'état and proclaimed himself emperor. After 12 years of preparation, in May 1161 (the thirty-first year of Shaoxing), Yan Liang invaded the south in an attempt to destroy the Song Dynasty. Prime Minister Chen Kangbo led the plan to resist Jin, and when he was in danger, he asked Emperor Gaozong to send an edict to Jiankang (present-day Nanjing). In October, the Song general Li Bao led a boat division to attack the Jinshui Army at Chenjiadao (or Tangdao, also known as the Battle of Chenjiadao in Jiaoxi). In November, Yu Yunwen of the Song Dynasty defeated the Jin army with the Jiankang defenders in quarrying (340 kilometers west of Jiankang, present-day Ma'anshan), and Yan Liang moved to Guazhou (present-day Yangzhou, Jiangsu), and the Song army Liu Qi and Yang Cunzhong were closely defended at Zhenjiang (780 kilometers east of Jiankang). After Yan Liang failed to cross the river, he was killed by his generals in late November. The Southern Song Dynasty won. The number of troops mobilized by both sides ranges from 700,000 to 800,000.
In the third year of Qiandao (1167 AD), Zhu Xi went to Yuelu Academy to discuss with Zhang Li, and held the famous "Zhu Zhang Conference Lecture" in history, which promoted the development of Song Dynasty and ancient Chinese philosophy
Since the failure of Yan Liang's southern invasion, the voice of the Southern Song Dynasty and the Northern Expedition has soared. Emperor Gaozong of Song decided to place Zen in his adopted son Zhao Yang. For Emperor Xiaozong, Zhao Yang was the sixth grandson of Zhao Defang the Prince of Qin, the second son of Emperor Taizong of Song, and since then, the throne of the Song Dynasty has been transferred from Emperor Taizong's descendants to Taizu's descendants after 186 years. In December 1164, after the failure of Zhang Jun's Northern Expedition, he signed the Longxing Peace Conference (also known as the Qiandao Peace Conference), changing the original title to Jin to an uncle-nephew relationship, Jin as an uncle, Song as a nephew, Jin to an edict as a national certificate, and a year tribute to a year coin, reducing contributions, ceding Qin Prefecture and Shang Prefecture, and maintaining the original boundary. The contribution of silk was reduced from 250,000 to 200,000, and the annual coin was reduced to 200,000 silver taels. Emperor Xiaozong of Song used Yu Yunwen, Zhou Bida and others, and the dynasty was relatively stable. Although Emperor Gaozong of Song was emperor Taishang, he put pressure on Emperor Xiaozong of Song behind the scenes to oppose the Northern Expedition, promote peace negotiations, and maintain peace with Jin.
In 1187, Emperor Gaozong of Song, who had been emperor Taishang for twenty-five years, died, and after three years of filial piety, Emperor Xiaozong of Song decided to abdicate the throne to his son Song Guangzong Zhao Wei and abdicate as Emperor Taishang. The dictatorship of the powerful ministers was the characteristic of the Southern Song Dynasty, and since the Qin Dynasty, the powerful ministers have always played an important role in the Southern Song Dynasty, and the emperor has controlled the military generals by allowing the power ministers to hold certain powers, and at the same time controlling the military generals through the power ministers. After Song Guangzong came to the throne, due to her weak and sick, and Empress Li's Gongguangzong was cowardly by nature, everything depended on her. Emperor Guangzong also bestowed on the Li family temple and posthumously conferred on the Li family official knight. In addition, Guangzong, under the influence of the Li family, ignored the situation of Xiaozong, and almost no one presided over the funeral. Therefore, the privy envoy Zhao Ruyu borrowed the eight characters of Guangzong's edict "After a long time, and wants to retire", and under the contact of Emperor Gaozong's nephew Han Kanxuan, asked Empress Dowager Wu to announce Guangzong's abdication. Liguang Zongzi Jia Wang Zhao Kuan succeeded to the throne. It is for the Song Ningzong, called Shaoxi Neizen.
Emperor Ningzong of Song trusted Han Kang, and Han Kanxuan squeezed out Zhao Ruyu and others to arbitrarily dictate the imperial government, and also triggered the ban of the Qingyuan party and excluded Zhu Xi and others. In 1206, Han made a Northern Expedition, which was later repulsed by Jin. In 1208, the Jiading Peace Conference was signed. The relationship between the two countries was changed to uncle-nephew, Song increased his contribution from 200,000 coins and silk from 200,000 to 300,000, and Song compensated 3 million yuan for military expenses, offering Han Kan the first rank. Jin gave up the occupation of Dasanguan and Haozhou. Emperor Ningzong of Song, with the assistance of Shi Miyuan, killed Han Kanxuan, and since then Emperor Ningzong of Song has used Shi Miyuan, and Shi Miyuan was dissatisfied with him when Emperor Ningzong died, because he knew that the prince Jiguo Gonglong (actually an adopted son) was dissatisfied with him, and he supported Emperor Lizong of Song, so he held more power, and after Emperor Lizong ascended the throne, he handed over all state affairs to Shi Miyuan, and he hardly cared about government affairs, Shi Miyuan's dictatorship for twenty-six years, and the politics of the Southern Song Dynasty became increasingly corrupt. But Shi Miyuan also supported Li Quan and other anti-gold forces. After Emperor Lizong became pro-government, he handed over political affairs to Ding Daquan to handle, and later trusted Jia Xidao even more, planting the reason for the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty.
In July 1214, Jin had suffered a Mongol attack and was forced to move the capital from Yanjing to Kaifeng, and Emperor Ningzong of Song accepted Zhendexiu's proposal and decided to withdraw Jin from now on. In April 1217, in order to expand the territory to compensate for the Mongol invasion, Jin sent troops to the south under the pretext that the Song no longer accepted the coins, and the Southern Song Dynasty joined forces with the Mongols to repel the Jin army. In 1231, the Mongolian army wanted to take advantage of the Song territory and detour to attack the rear of Jin, but the Song refused, and the Mongol thunder forced through. The Mongolian army destroyed the main forces of the Jin State in the Battle of Sanfeng Mountain in 1232, and the Jin State was actually unable to return to heaven. In December, Emperor Lizong of Song saw that Jin's demise was imminent and had no use for shielding, so he agreed to unite with Mongolia to destroy Jin, and the two sides agreed that the south of the Yellow River would belong to Song and the land north would belong to Mongolia. In 1233, Emperor Jin fled to Caizhou. The Southern Song Dynasty then captured Jintang Prefecture and other places. In September, Emperor Weizong explained to Emperor Lizong of Song the principle of "lips and teeth are cold" and proposed to join forces to resist Mongolia, but the Song Dynasty refused to allow it and continued to cut gold. In the first month of 1234, Caizhou of the Jin state was captured by the Mongol-Song army, Jin Laizong hanged himself, and Jin perished. The Southern Song Dynasty bordered Mongolia, and after losing the Jin state as a barrier, it faced the threat of a Mongolian southward march that was more powerful than Jin.