#历史开讲 #
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The right to release troops from a cup of wine is a famous allusion in Chinese history and an event of great significance in the history of the Song Dynasty. It occurred in the early days of the establishment of the Song Dynasty, and even played an important leading role in the historical changes of the entire dynasty.
The right to release troops from a cup of wine began a new era of literati governing the country, which was the beginning of the policy of reinforcing culture and suppressing military forces during the Northern Song Dynasty.
Zhao Kuangyin
This incident has a very important research value, which is Zhao Kuangyin's psychological performance behavior after being afraid of military power. After the incident, the Song Dynasty opened a three-hundred-year history and pushed cultural prosperity to its peak.
Even in the dynasties after the Song Dynasty, his influence was very far-reaching. For the Song Dynasty, he had some positive and negative roles in politics, economy, culture and other aspects.
A brief analysis of the passage of the right to release troops with a glass of wine
Speaking of the glass of wine and the right to release troops, the occurrence of this incident has a certain special historical background. In the eyes of some later scholars, Zhao Kuangyin seized Jiangshan from the hands of orphans and widows, thus opening up the Great Song Dynasty.
However, at the historical level, the means and process of creating the Song Dynasty were completed in a relatively stable context. This is also a rare thing in Chinese history.
Zhao Kuangyin
The establishment of successive dynasties has almost always been accompanied by the baptism of war, bringing a lot of suffering to society and people. The creation of the Song Dynasty was basically completed in the process of no gunsmoke.
Zhao Kuangyin single-handedly planned and led the usurpation through the "Chen Qiao Mutiny" incident. He first conspired with his cronies, and then sent troops in the name of defending against foreign enemies, cleverly arranged along the way, and finally staged the drama of "yellow robe plus body".
The occurrence of this kind of political event is very historic, and Zhao Kuangyin also used this means to close the hearts of the generals and the people.
On the surface, the founding emperor of the Song Dynasty ascended the throne almost helplessly. But behind this, there is also an elaborate usurpation event.
In this context, the Song Dynasty was established, and Zhao Kuangyin became emperor on the recommendation of soldiers and military generals. But in his heart, he also made plans for the next incident, which is the famous "right to release troops from a glass of wine".
Glass of wine releases the right to fight
Although Zhao Kuangyin's throne is somewhat unknown, some of his administrative means are indeed well-deserved good emperors. The courtiers of the previous dynasty were not purged, but continued to be appointed by him.
In 960 AD, Zhao Kuangyin was a little uneasy in his heart after quelling a rebellion. So he approached his wisdom and asked how he could make the country stable for a long time.
After some deliberation, Zhao Kuangyin understood the importance of the problem. He summarized what happened at the end of the Tang Dynasty and was deeply touched by the chaos at that time.
Some clans and towns had too much military power in their hands, which could easily threaten the emperor's power. As long as these people's military power is cut off, and then their power is used for themselves, the world can gradually become peaceful.
Against this background, a plan to rebuild the political structure is about to be officially launched. In particular, Zhao Kuangyin's position as emperor was honored by many soldiers, which also made him worry whether there would be another "Chen Qiao Mutiny". Thus, a new historical event began.
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The positive impact of the right to release troops with a glass of wine
One day in 631, Zhao Kuangyin hosted a banquet for some of his important generals. Before the banquet, they pushed their glasses and began to chat.
The Song ruler said, "Can I sit in this position, it's all thanks to your help." But now I am worried and I can't sleep well every night. ”
Before the generals could hear what they meant, they asked the emperor what had happened. When Zhao Kuangyin tactfully expressed his concern, the generals understood the crux of the matter, it turned out that the emperor was afraid of the military power in their hands.
At this time, the military generals also knew that there was no room for maneuver. They knelt down one after another, hoping that the emperor could tell them what to do to be at ease.
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Therefore, the ruler of the Song Dynasty let them relinquish their military power, so that they could enjoy prosperity and wealth and spend the rest of their lives in peace. On the second day, these military generals resigned one after another, and a hidden danger of the Song Dynasty was also solved between glasses of wine.
However, for the Great Song Dynasty, the release of military power from a cup of wine was not the end of one event, but the beginning of another. Zhao Kuangyin thus began large-scale reforms, weakening the power of military generals and eliminating threats to the power of the emperor.
And this incident, not only for the Northern Song Dynasty, but also the beginning of the entire Great Song Dynasty's repression of martial arts. Almost all the rulers of subsequent dynasties attached great importance to military power, fearing that military generals would threaten their dominance, and they also weakened and suppressed military generals many times.
The influence and role of the right to release troops from the cup of wine is also extensive, and on a positive level, the most direct manifestation is that he consolidated the power of the emperor and maintained the rule of the central government.
Looking back at China's history, whenever the central government was unstable, the influence of military generals was enormous. To put it bluntly, military power can determine the fate of a dynasty.
Therefore, if you want to maintain your dominance, you must strengthen your grip on the military. Zhao Kuangyin learned the lessons of the previous dynasty and adopted a series of actions to suppress military generals, which were of great significance to the stability and political development of the central government.
Moreover, in the early days of the Song Dynasty, a stable foundation had not yet been formed internally, and many clan and town forces were struggling to fight for territory. In the external environment, there are also threats from ethnic minority regimes.
In the face of such a complex political situation, only by strengthening the imperial power can the central government promote political stability and avoid the end of a short-lived dynasty.
Therefore, the ruler divided the right to transfer troops, the right to control troops, and the right to hold troops into three parts. They are controlled by three departments, which also forms a constraint on the military leadership system.
Under these circumstances, the Song Dynasty could completely control the army and let it follow its own ideas to gradually pacify the forces of the clans and towns in the area and realize the great unification of the country.
The release of military power was just the beginning, and he promoted innovation in the political system. The rulers carried out major reforms in the political system, and in terms of military power and the army, they carried out internal and external restraints, and adjusted the arrangements of mutual checks and balances.
This period also marked the degree of authoritarianism of the Song Dynasty, reaching a new height in Chinese history. And this also laid a firm foundation for the prosperity of the cultural rule of a prosperous dynasty.
In addition, the prosperity of cultural and educational undertakings, the improvement and development of scientific and technological levels are all closely related to the policy of "heavy literature" in the Song Dynasty.
The negative effects of the right to release troops with a glass of wine
Since the release of military power from the cup, the rulers have hoped that there will be a situation in which the literati rule the world. Therefore, the internal policies of the imperial court also began to gradually improve the status of civil officials, and the atmosphere of emphasizing culture and suppressing martial arts gradually took shape.
On this basis, the imperial examination system was further improved, and many disciples of the cold family emerged and played their own light in the political arena.
Chinese culture developed vigorously, science began to take shape, Song Ci became a swan song, academies prospered, and so on.
Under the prosperity and development of cultural level, the level of science and technology is also significantly improved. Three of China's four famous inventions appeared in the Song Dynasty, which even directly influenced the history of the world.
However, in addition to some positive influencing significance, after the release of military power with a glass of wine, there were some negative unfavorable factors, which caused many problems in the Song Dynasty.
These negative adverse effects can also be said to be caused by "emphasizing civility over force". In the eyes of later scholars, the reason why the Song Dynasty always gave people a weak image is inseparable from this matter.
The improvement of the status of the literati and the prosperity of the imperial examination system also caused the bloated bureaucracy. This made the administrative efficiency of the Northern Song Dynasty decline and the operation of the state problematic.
Moreover, the combat effectiveness and enthusiasm of the army have been obviously suppressed, and the huge civilian clique has also increased political contradictions and competition for interests, which has buried hidden dangers for the future political situation.
Most importantly, the Song Dynasty's army was too hurt and hit. Although the reduction of military power can maintain the position of the ruler, to some extent, it also makes the level of army generals decline, and fewer and fewer people can fight good battles.
Moreover, in the frequent military reforms, there have even been frequent transfers of generals, resulting in soldiers not knowing the generals, and the generals and soldiers and horses of the troops cannot have a good strategic tacit understanding.
In the face of the hidden dangers of the Song Dynasty, the internal military strength declined, and the ability of generals declined, which also led to the decline of the national strength of the Song Dynasty. Therefore, when targeting ethnic minority regimes, the Song Dynasty actually lost the war, and could only rely on sending money and materials to buy tranquility.
The decentralization of the military has also led to the difficulty of concentrating military forces. Although it helped the imperial power to control the army, it also laid the seeds for the weakening of the army.
In military command, there will even be a situation where there is no way to convey orders in time in the face of the enemy, which also leads to the final defeat of the war.
On the whole, the right to release troops from a cup of wine was the beginning of the Song Dynasty's emphasis on civilization and light on martial arts, and it was also the beginning of the weakening of the Song Dynasty's military strength. The poor level of generals, the low combat effectiveness of the army, the uncoordinated military command, and other reasons were also the fundamental and important reasons for the demise of the Song Dynasty.
Even if a national hero like Yue Fei appeared, because of the problem of civilized and military status, it was difficult for military operations to achieve the desired effect.
Coupled with the negative effects of political corruption, social unrest, and the emphasis on civility over force, it has become more and more significant. The "shame of Jingkang" in the Northern Song Dynasty also had a profound relationship with the system of emphasizing culture over martial arts.
After experiencing the "Battle of Yashan" in the Southern Song Dynasty, the Great Song Dynasty was finally destroyed in the war due to the accumulation of various contradictions.