Today in history 3/19

(1) During the Three Kingdoms period, the general of Wu State and Prime Minister Lu Xun died

March 19, 245

During the Three Kingdoms period, Wu's general and prime minister Lu Xun died. Lu Xun followed Sun Quan for more than 40 years and commanded the military and government of Wu State for more than ten years, and he was deeply valued by Sun Quan. In his life, he was praised as the "minister of society".

In the eighth year of Jian'an (203), he entered the Sun Quan shogunate, and successively served as the captain of Haichang Tuntian, the captain of Dingwei, and the governor of the right department under the account. In the twenty-fourth year of Jian'an (219), Lu Xun participated in the attack on Jingzhou. In the second year of Zhang Wu (222), Sun Quan made Lu Xun the governor of the capital, defeated Liu Bei at the Yiling Fire Burning Company Camp, and became famous in the first battle. In the seventh year of Huang Wu (228), Lu Xun won the Battle of Shiting. In the first year of Huanglong (229), Sun Quan declared himself empress, with Lu Xun as a general, assisted the crown prince Sun Deng, and was in charge of accompanying the capital Wuchang, and later involved in the heir dispute. In the seventh year of Chiwu (244), he worshipped as Prime Minister Cheng, Jingzhou Mu, and Youdu Protector. He died the following year at the age of sixty-three, posthumously honoured as Marquis Zhao.

Lu Xun has both wisdom and courage, martial arts and security, and literary ability to govern the country, and high quality. Sun Quan compared him to Yi Yin of Tang and Jiang Shang of Chu Zhou.

Lu Xun's military talent is mainly manifested in his resourcefulness and good use of troops. When fighting against the Shanyue riots, he cleverly set up suspicious soldiers, built more troops, entered the valley at night, and sounded bugles and drums everywhere, causing a momentum of thousands of cadres and horses, and psychologically disintegrating the rebels. Then he attacked bravely and vigorously, and finally quelled the Shanyue riot of tens of thousands of people with a small number of troops.

(2) Chen Xiufu was thrown into the sea by the young emperor and was martyred by the Southern Song Dynasty

March 19, 1279

After the Yuan army broke through Lin'an, it divided its forces to pursue the Song army. Southern Song ministers Lu Xiufu, Zhang Shijie, Wen Tianxiang and others supported the 8-year-old Wei King Zhao Xiang as emperor, changed the year name Xiangxing, and moved to the small island of Jiaoshan in the sea 80 miles south of Xinhui County, Guangdong. The terrain here is treacherous and can be held. At that time, there were still more than 200,000 officials, civilians, and soldiers, most of whom lived on ships. The people of Shanan and Guangdong also responded. The Yuan government sent the Mongol army and the Han army to march separately, Zhang Hongfan attacked the three prefectures of Zhang, Chao, and Hui with a boat division, Li Heng attacked Guangzhou with infantry and horses, and Ali Hague led the Mongol troops to attack Qiongzhou.

In the spring of 1279, Zhang Hongfan led a naval division to attack Renshan. Zhang Shijie stubbornly held on. The Yuan army set fire to the Song ship, and the family boat was coated with wet sand, and the fire could not be burned for a while. Zhang Hongfan sent people to the family ship to say that Zhang Shijie and the military and civilians did not respond. The Yuan army guarded the mouth of the sea and cut off the water source from the south, and the Southern Song soldiers ate dry streams and drank seawater, causing vomiting and diarrhea. Zhang Hongfan divided the army into four groups. Attack the incoming boats when the lake rises.

The Southern Song army was attacked in the north and south, and on March 19, 1279 (the sixth day of February in the second year of Xiangxing of the Southern Song Dynasty), Lu Xiufu turned his back on Zhao Xiang and threw himself into the sea to martyrdom, and the Southern Song Dynasty died.

(3) The Battle of Jiangning in the Taiping Rebellion

March 19, 1853

After the Taiping Army conquered the three towns of Wuhan, after a short rest, Hong Xiuquan, Yang Xiuqing and others claimed to have 500,000 troops (about 100,000 troops), abandoned Wuhan on February 9, went east along the river, and advanced by land and water, straight to Jiangning. The Qing court vainly attempted to annihilate the Taiping Army in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, dispatched troops and generals, divided the north, south, and east roads to prevent blockages, and successively appointed three Qincha ministers to command the battle. Along the east road, Lu Jianying, minister of Qincha and governor of Liangjiang, commanded 5,000 troops to fortify the area around Jiujiang. On the 15th, the Taiping Army's water army forwards defeated their river defense forces on the Rat Gap River in Guangji County, eastern Hubei. When Lu Jianying heard of the defeat, he abandoned his army and fled back to Jiangning, and the defense troops along the river collapsed one after another. The commander of the Taiping army drove straight forward, occupied Jiujiang on the 18th, attacked the city of Anqing in Anhui Province on the 24th, killed the governor Jiang Wenqing, and captured a large number of military supplies. From 26 to March 7, it was connected to Chizhou (present-day Guichi), Tongling, Wuhu, Taipingfu (present-day Dangtu) and Hezhou (present-day Hexian County) in Anhui. On the 8th, the land brigade arrived in the area of Shanqiao, southwest of Jiangning. On the 9th, the forward of the water army also arrived, and the Great Victory Pass was anchored to the river around the Caoshoe Gorge. On the 12th, the Marine Brigade arrived and divided its forces to occupy Pukou and complete the encirclement of Jiangning.

There were more than 5,000 people in the Green Battalion of the Qing Banner Soldiers, and 10,000 brave people were temporarily raised. Before the arrival of the Taiping army, Lu Jianying bravely withdrew the troops outside the city into the city in an attempt to hold on. When the Qing court learned that Jiangning was besieged, it urgently ordered the ministers Xiang Rong and Qishan to lead the Qing army from the north and south to help. The Taiping Army selected the Yifeng Gate in the north of the city as the breakthrough, adopted the cave siege method, and buried gunpowder under the gate. At the same time, hundreds of ladders were made, attacking each gate and confusing the Qing army. At dawn on the 19th, the city wall near Yifeng Gate was blown up for more than 2 zhang, and hundreds of soldiers rushed into the city, and then divided the army into two roads, one to the Drum Tower, the other to the Jinchuan Gate and the Shence Gate, and through Chengxian Street to the small camp, killing Lu Jianying in Huangjiatang. Later, he was fiercely counterattacked by the Manchurian flag soldiers, but he was unable to win the battle and was forced to withdraw. At this time, the Qing army defending the southern city heard that the northern city had been broken, and the governor was killed, and it collapsed without a fight. Led by Lin Fengxiang and Lai Hanying, thousands of Taiping troops ascended the city on the Night Ladder and opened Jubaomen (present-day Zhonghuamen), Shuiximen, and Hanximen. At dawn the next day, the Taiping Army brigade attacked the city and went straight to the southeast of the city where the banner soldiers gathered to guard the city (the inner city of the Ming Dynasty). Jiangning general Xianghou and deputy capital Huo Longwu led the banner soldiers and the Manchus to fight to the death, and the Taiping army fought bravely, and finally attacked the city of Manchu, killed Xianghou and others, completely annihilated the defenders, and the whole city of Jiangning was occupied by the Taiping army. On the 29th, Tianwang Hong Xiuquan entered the city, changed Jiangning to Tianjing, and designated it as the capital, thus establishing the peasant revolutionary regime of the Taiping Rebellion, which confronted the Qing Dynasty.

(4) The birthday of Kang Youwei, the leader of the reformists of the Qing Dynasty

March 19, 1858

Kang Youwei, also known as Zu Yi, character Guangsha, trumpet Changsu, Chinese politician, thinker, educator, from Danzaosu Village, Nanhai, Foshan City, Guangdong, known as Kang Nanhai or Mr. Nanhai. In 1888, Kang Youwei went to Beijing to participate in the Shuntianxiang Examination, but did not pass the exam. In September of that year, he wrote to the Guangxu Emperor, lamenting the peril of the motherland, criticizing the conformity, demanding that the law be changed and renewed, and put forward three programmatic propositions of "becoming a law, understanding the situation, and being cautious about sway". In 1891, Kang Youwei returned to Guangdong and opened the Wanmu Caotang School, gathering apprentices to give lectures and create theories for the movement to change the law. He embraced the Confucian doctrine of Confucius and worked to transform it into a state religion that could be adapted to modern society, and served as president of the Confucius Church. His main works include "Kang Zi", "New Study of Apocryphal Scriptures" (compiled with the assistance of Chen Qianqiu and Liang Qichao), "Spring and Autumn Dong's Studies", "Confucius Reform Examination", "Japanese Political Change Examination", "Datongshu", "Travels in Eleven European Countries" and so on.

(5) The Beiyang warlord Zhang Zuolin of the Northeast was born

March 19, 1875

Zhang Zuolin is a Han Chinese from Xiaowa Village, Haicheng County, Fengtian Province. This place was later renamed Zhangjiadian Tun, Yejia Village, Dongfeng Town, Dawa County, and now it is renamed West Xiaowatun, Majiafang Village, Jiazhang Temple Township, Dawa County. In fact, there is only one house site here, and there is no village at all. He likes to be called Zhang Dashuai. A native of Haicheng, Liaoning, he came from a poor peasant family since he was a child. Zhang Zuolin later became the leader of the Beiyang Army, the last person in power in the "Beiyang Government", and was known as the "King of the Northeast". On June 4, 1928, the Huanggutun Incident occurred, Zhang Zuolin was seriously injured by explosives pre-buried by the Japanese Kwantung Army on a train, and died after being sent back to his official residence in Shenyang on the same day.