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introduction
The Shunzhi Emperor, Aisin Juelo Fulin, was the third emperor of the Qing Dynasty. Because he was the first emperor of the Qing Dynasty to enter the customs, and during his reign. The Qing Dynasty formed a nationwide regime, so Shunzhi was called Qing Shizu.
(Portrait of the Shunzhi Emperor)
Shunzhi, the ancestor of the Qing dynasty, was a very special emperor, and the wild history once recorded that he became a monk. However, according to the official history, Shunzhi died of smallpox at the age of 24.
Why did this young son of heaven die young? Knowing his life experience, it is not difficult to see that it is already a miracle that this aggrieved emperor can live to be 24 years old.
1. The shadow of childhood lingers
Shunzhi was the ninth prince of Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty, and according to the ancient imperial throne primogeniture system, he should not be eligible to inherit the throne. Therefore, Shunzhi's rise to power has its historical reasons.
In August 1643, the 52-year-old Emperor Taiji died suddenly, and because Emperor Taiji was in full bloom in spring and autumn, he had not yet chosen an heir. This is bound to lead to a battle for the throne by various forces. Among them, there are two most powerful forces, that is, Haug and Dolgon.
Haoge, the eldest son of Emperor Taiji, can succeed to the throne according to the system. And Emperor Taiji's younger brother Dolgon is the most powerful, with great combat achievements, and has contributed the most to the entry of the Qing Dynasty.
(Portrait of Dolgon)
The two sides were equal and at one point there was a stalemate.
Therefore, Dolgon came to "save the country with a curve", and instead supported Fulin, the ninth son of Emperor Taiji, to succeed him and become the regent himself. The reason why Dolgon chose Fulin is related to Fulin's mother, the famous Empress Xiaozhuangwen, the later Empress Xiaozhuang.
Xiaozhuang is a bold and resourceful woman. After Emperor Taiji's death, Xiaozhuang used his skills to encircle Dolgon, who she needed to support her son in succeeding to the throne. And Dolgon also chose to cooperate with Xiaozhuang in order to expand his power and ensure that he could become regent.
Both sides take their own needs.
(Kosho image)
In this way, under the mediation of his mother, the six-year-old Shunzhi became the emperor in confusion. The whole thing looks like "sandpiper mussels fighting, fishermen profiting". However, is being emperor really beneficial to Shunzhi?
Despite his title as emperor, Shunzhi had no power and was completely subject to Dolgon. Dolgon was domineering and domineering, and did not take the young Shunzhi seriously at all.
The jade seal of the kingdom, which was like the imperial power, was taken to his house by Dolgon. Seeing Shunzhi, Dolgon did not kneel and kowtow, and even asked Shunzhi to call him "Imperial Father Regent", that is, Shunzhi called him father. Dolgon and Empress Xiaozhuang also had an ambiguous relationship, and later Dolgon even asked Xiaozhuang to marry him.
(Hyo Zhuang and Dolgon film and television images)
All this, for Shunzhi, was a great humiliation. Thus, he was filled with hatred for Dolgon. So much so that by 1650, after Dolgon's death, Shunzhi's hatred was still not let go. Two months after Dolgon's death, he was not only stripped of his title by Shunzhi, but also flogged and whipped into graves, crushing his bones and ashes, and his former power was completely eradicated.
It can be seen that Shunzhi's childhood was depressed, depressed, full of hatred, and full of shadows, and such a childhood had a great impact on his physical and mental health.
Second, break free from the shackles and let go of yourself
In December 1650, while out hunting, Dolgon fell off his horse, resulting in a serious fall and death.
In 1651, at the age of thirteen, Shunzhi became pro-government.
Perhaps it was a childhood full of psychological torture and wanted to make up for himself, and Shunzhi at this time was like a spring that had been pressed for a long time, and a high-pressure rebound came in an instant. He vented his desires to the fullest, and life became absurd and bohemian.
(Shunzhi Emperor film and television image)
In addition to the empress, he also had dozens of concubines at all levels, and he often lingered in the harem, and even mixed with the palace maidens. During the day, he was a diligent emperor, busy with various imperial affairs, and at night, he sang night and night, indulging in the art of the room, without restraint at all.
For Shunzhi to indulge in such lust, Empress Xiaozhuang did not stop it much, after all, the royal family needs to open more branches and leaves, extend heirs, and have many sons and blessings, so that Jiangshan can succeed people and prosper.
Although Shunzhi's reign was short, he had fourteen children, which was considered a high birth. It can be seen that he spoils many women.
After a few years, his body seemed to be hollowed out, he became very weak, and began to get sick frequently. Despite this, he still did not restrain his behavior, and such a lifestyle, of course, would greatly damage his health.
Third, the beloved son died in infancy and lost his beloved concubine
The state of life in Shunzhi was fundamentally changed with the arrival of a person.
This person is the famous Empress Xiaoxian - Dong E, Empress Xiaoxian is a posthumous title, so she is generally called Dong Efei.
(Portrait of Empress Dong E's Clan of Filial Piety)
Dong E's was the daughter of the minister Eshuo and a native of Manchuria. Dong E's southern expedition has followed her father since she was a child, and has lived in Suzhou and Hangzhou for a long time, so she is deeply influenced by Han culture, has the gentle and gentle spirit show of Jiangnan women, ice and snow intelligence and understanding, and has a different kind of charm.
Dong E's clan was originally Fujin's younger brother Bogol. After Shunzhi first met Dong E, he glanced at her for ten thousand years, so he tried his best to take her from Bogol.
In 1656, at the age of 15, Bogol died, and Dong E, who was still in mourning, was forcibly admitted to the palace and made a virtuous concubine. More than a month later, Dong E's clan was added as an imperial concubine. Such a promotion speed is unique in the Qing Dynasty, which shows Shunzhi's favor for it.
What's more, Shunzhi also gave Dong E's canonization ceremony and issued an edict to amnesty the world. In the Qing Dynasty, a general amnesty was issued for concubines, and this was the only time.
And the intelligent and virtuous Dong E, not only carefully took care of Shunzhi in life, but also helped Shunzhi in imperial affairs, she has her own unique views on imperial politics, often reminding Shunzhi, but she will not interfere in politics.
She served the Empress Dowager with all her heart, courteous to the Empress, cordial and friendly to other concubines, and generous and benevolent to her subordinates. She was never pampered and arrogant, and was routinely advised to Shunzhi to get rain and dew. When Shunzhi proposed to abolish the queen, she knelt down and begged Shunzhi to abandon the idea.
This kind woman gave her whole body and mind to Shunzhi.
(Shunzhi and Dong E's film and television images)
In 1657, Dong E's fourth son was born, and Shunzhi was overjoyed, claiming that this was his first son, and regarded this son as a concubine, and celebrated and granted amnesty to the world. It is a pity that this prince was blessed and could not bear such a holy favor, and soon died. Posthumously honoured as Prince Heshuorong.
Dong E, who was in pain, has been sick since then, how can she, who is already weak, withstand such a blow. In 1660, at the age of 22, Dong E's Xiang died of jade.
(Dong E's Xiangxiang Yu Death Film and Television Image)
At the beginning, the appearance of Dong E's was like bringing a ray of hope to Shunzhi, who was in a depressed darkness, but now this light has disappeared, and the spiritual pillar of Shunzhi has collapsed since then.
4. The heart is like a dead gray infected and dies
After Dong's death, Shunzhi developed the idea of becoming a monk in the midst of endless grief.
In October 1660, Shunzhi accepted the monk Moxisen's shaving. Later, Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang invited Yulin Tongxuan, the master of Moxisen, and Yulin Tongxuan prepared to burn Moxisen to death, in order to blackmail Shunzhi, prevent him from becoming a monk, and also persuade him bitterly, which temporarily dispelled the idea of becoming a monk.
(Shunzhi Shadu film and television image)
Although he did not become a monk, Shunzhi had no mind to take care of the imperial government at all, his mind was completely occupied by the ideas of Buddhism, and he no longer had any nostalgia for everything in front of him. At this time, he looked like a moving wood.
On the second day of the first lunar month in 1661, the eunuch Wu Liangfu held an ordination ceremony, and Wu Liangfu became a monk because he was a substitute for Shunzhi to eat the Buddha.
In order to observe this ceremony, Shunzhi set up a visit to the temple. Who knows, there are unpredictable storms in the sky, Shunzhi returned to the palace that night and the high fever did not subside, and after the diagnosis of the imperial doctor, Shunzhi was infected with smallpox.
Smallpox in ancient times was a very serious infectious disease, highly transmissible, the medical level in the Qing Dynasty was low, there was no way to prevent and control, completely rely on the patient's own resistance to defeat the virus, can be called a terminal disease. And Shunzhi is already physically deficient, coupled with discouragement, there is no will to survive at all, and naturally cannot resist the menacing virus.
On the sixth day of the first lunar month, Shunzhi, who felt that his limit was approaching, urgently summoned two important ministers to dictate the edict, passing on the third son of the then eight-year-old emperor, Aisin Juelo Xuanye, and at the same time ordered Sonyi, Ao Bai and other auxiliary officials. The edict also listed Shunzhi's own fourteen sins, which were actually a sinful edict.
The edict of sin, in short, is the emperor's review. Shunzhi's fourteen edicts include: he did not govern the country well, did not fulfill his filial piety to his mother, Dong Efei died too out of control, and mishandled government affairs.
(Sinful Commandment)
This edict was earnest, full of self-remorse, and had the meaning of repentance, but unfortunately, Shunzhi no longer had the opportunity to correct his mistakes.
That night, the troubled Shunzhi came to the end of his life at the age of 24.
Throughout Shunzhi's short life, the reason why he died young, the depression in his childhood, the excessive indulgence after pro-government, and the death of Dong E's are of course the direct cause, but the deeper reason is his paranoid, willful, amorous, sensitive personality, and he is not good at and unwilling to adjust his mentality. A bad mentality will lead to physical problems, and natural life will not be long.
In the final analysis, Shunzhi is an ordinary temperamental, he has no ambitions, does not want to be an emperor, and is not suitable to be an emperor. But he could not control his own destiny, helplessly pushed to the position of the emperor by the duck on the shelf, lack of freedom, nothing can be achieved, his psychology can not withstand all this, and finally caused a tragedy, which is really sad and lamentable!