The previous article talked about the common wild fish in the lower river, mainly some smaller fish, and today we will talk about the larger fish common in the lower river.
- carp
Carp is a temperate freshwater fish native to Asia, preferring to live in warm lakes on the plains, or in slow-flowing rivers, and is a benthic omnivorous fish, which eats both meat and vegetarian. After spring, as the temperature rises, the feeding volume of fish becomes larger, the quality of bait is no longer the main thing, and the quantity rises to the first. Therefore, in the late spring, the whole summer, early autumn for a fairly long period, carp is mainly vegetarian, in the north of the mainland there are many gourmet recipes made with carp, such as braised carp in Lu cuisine, Yellow River carp in Henan, etc. are all delicious.
- Grass carp
Grass carp inhabit rivers and lakes in plain areas, and generally prefer to live in the middle and lower layers of water and nearshore watery grass areas. Sexually active, quick swimmers, often foraging in groups. For typical herbivorous fish, wintering in the deep water of the main stream or lake, grass carp grows fast, large individuals, the largest individual can reach more than 40 kg, meat is tender, delicious, often used as pond culture and lakes, reservoirs, rivers The main stocking object, grass carp is known as "pioneer" because it can quickly remove various grasses in the water body. At the end of the Tang Dynasty on the mainland, there were records in Guangdong of building barren fields, irrigating them with rainwater, and stocking grass carp for one or two years to remove wild grasses and make mature fields.
- herring
Bluefish is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae. The body length can reach 145 cm. The body length is 3.3~4.1 times the body height, 3.5~4.4 times the head length, the body is stout, nearly cylindrical, the abdomen is round, and there is no ventral edge. The dorsal fin is located above the ventral fin, has no hard spines, and the outer margin is straight. The body is bluish grey , the back is darker , the belly is greyish white , and the fins are black. The individual is large, up to more than 70 kg. Blue fish are fish that live on the bottom of the water and usually do not swim to the middle and upper layers of the water. It is usually concentrated in benthic areas such as river bay channels, Haojiang lakes and ancillary water bodies such as multi-snail, and winters in riverbeds or deep waters of lakes in winter. The suitable temperature for the growth of blue fish is 20~32 °C, and it begins to die below 6.5 °C and above 40 °C. The optimal temperature for feeding and growth is 25~32 °C.
The character of bluefish is not as active as grass carp, but its strength is much greater than that of grass carp. Blue fish is a carnivorous fish, blue fish is the mollusk at the bottom of the water as the main food source, especially like to eat snail meat, so blue fish is also known as snail green. Blue fish also eat clams, mussels, shrimp, dragonflies, larvae, water insects, etc., and in artificial fish farms, blue fish are naturally mainly artificially stocked granular plant bait. Bran, bran powder, cooked sweet potatoes, soybean flour, rice grains, and grass are also bait for bluefish.
- Bream
The bream, also known as Wuchang fish, bream, and group-headed bream, is tall, even flattened, long-diamond-shaped, and the back of the head is raised. The head is small, approximately triangular; It grows rapidly, adapts strongly, has a wide range of predation, can grow in still water or flowing water, and generally swims and feeds in the middle and lower layers. In China, it is distributed in plain areas from Heilongjiang to Pearl River and Hainan Province, and is absent above the Tumen River, Yalu River and Yellow River Longmen. Juvenile fish inhabit shallow lakes or slow-moving inflows. Juveniles feed mainly on algae, zooplankton, aquatic insect larvae and a small number of aquatic plant fragments; Adults generally feed on algae and zooplankton in winter and early spring. The growth rate is slow, and the maximum can reach more than 2 kg. The meat is delicious and rich in fat, and it is one of the important economic fish in China.
- silver carp
Silver carp, also known as white carp, water carp, jumping carp, silver carp, belongs to the order Cyprinaceae, carps, is one of the famous four large fish, the body is relatively flat, the mouth is large and oblique, and the lower jaw is upturned. The abdominal stenosis is like a knife's edge. The eyes are smaller and located below the central axis of the cephalic side. The scales are small. The back is bluish grey, the sides are grayish white, and the belly is silvery-white. The fins are light grey.
The silver carp has a flattened body, a narrow abdomen, and a large head and a wide mouth; The ventral surface is arced from the pectoral fins and even the ventral fins. From the base of the ventral fin to the anus is fleshy. The gill rakers are separated, finely wound and healed into a half-moon-shaped spongy filter. The length is the same as the gill filament, the hypopharyngeal teeth are 1 row, and the grass is tracked. The body is greyish black with dark brown on the dorsal and upper sides. It is distributed with fine black spots. The head is larger, but nowhere near as big carp. The mouth is broad, the end is positioned, and the lower jaw is slightly obliquely upward. The gills are specialized and join each other to form porous membranous lamellaes. The upper part of the oropharyngeal cavity has a snail-shaped supragill organ. The eyes are small, low position, and are not needed. The hypopharyngeal teeth are spoon-shaped, flattened, with pinnate surfaces and small scales. There is a well-developed cortical ventral ridge from the larynx to the anus. The end of the pectoral fin extends only to the beginning of the ventral fin or later. The body is silvery-white, and the fins are grayish-white. Similar in morphology to bighead carp, silver carp is impatient and good at jumping.
It belongs to the pelagic fish, which is sexually active and jumps around when it is slightly alarmed. In natural water bodies, the growing season is mainly fattened in river tributaries and their ancillary water bodies. Winters are concentrated in riverbeds or deep lakes. The suitable growth temperature is the same as that of grass carp. In the low temperature season, silver carp do not stop eating, but the feeding intensity is reduced. Silver carp prefers fertile water, and the suitable oxygen consumption of organic matter is more than 20 mg per liter. Tolerance to hypoxia is stronger than grass carp and blue carp.
It is distributed in major water systems across the country. Silver carp is a large freshwater fish raised in captivity, with fast growth, few diseases, high yield, and is mostly polycultured with grass carp and carp.
- Bighead carp
Bighead carp, also known as silver carp, fat head fish, baotou fish, large head fish, black carp, mochi carp, also known as male fish. It is a type of freshwater fish. It is known as "water scavenger", one of the four big fish in China. Bighead carp has a flattened body and an extremely large head. The mouth is large, the end is positioned, and the lower jaw is slightly sloping upward. The gill rakers are fine and tabular but not united. The upper part of the oropharyngeal cavity has a snail-shaped supragill organ, the eyes are small, the position is low, no need, the hypopharyngeal teeth are spoon-shaped, and the tooth surface is smooth. The scales are small, the ventral surface is only ventral fins and even the anus has a cortical ventral ridge. The pectoral fins are long and end well beyond the base of the ventral fins. caudal fin forked, dorsal fin spines 3; 7 dorsal fin soft bars; fin spines 1 to 3; 12 to 14 soft fins. The upper half of the body is grey-black , the abdomen is grayish , and the sides are interspersed with many small irregular spots of light yellow and black. The body length can reach 112 cm.
Bighead carp grow in freshwater lakes, rivers, reservoirs, ponds. It is mostly distributed in the middle and upper layers of freshwater areas. Bighead fish are gentle and do not like to jump. Filter feeding, mainly eating zooplankton such as rotifers, clades, copepods (such as sword water fleas), but also some phytoplankton (such as diatoms and cyanobacteria) and artificial feed. It grows rapidly, reaching up to 40 kg in individuals up to 40 kg.
- catfish
Although the catfish looks a little ugly, but the nutritional value is extremely high, catfish is a fierce animal, often living in the stone crevices on the riverbank, or in the stone cave, its vision is relatively weak, generally rest during the day, will come out at night, so the general old people go fishing is to catch the most catfish at night.
And the previous catfish and the catfish we eat now are not the same, because what we eat now is farmed catfish, but the catfish body is rich in nutrients, there are eight amino acids needed by the human body, and its practice is also special, especially suitable for the elderly and young children.
- snakehead
Blackfish, it is fierce by nature, fecundity, appetite is extraordinary, often can eat all other fish in a lake or pond, and even does not let go of its own juveniles, it usually likes to inhabit the lush or turbid bottom of aquatic grass, when small fish, small shrimp, etc. swim close, it will launch a surprise attack to swallow these small animals, A 0.5 kg black fish can swallow a double grass carp or carp in one bite, black fish meat is tender, delicious, and nutritional value is quite high, so it is popular in domestic and foreign markets, is a favorite of the best dishes, the price is slightly more expensive than the above several.
- sea bass
Perch generally includes four main types of fish, namely: sea bass, scientific name Japanese real bass, distributed in offshore waters, and estuarine seawater and freshwater intersection. Songjiang perch, also known as fourgill bass, is a descending migratory fish and is the most famous. Largemouth bass, also known as California perch, is a new species introduced from the United States. River bass, also known as red perch and Wudaohei, is native to northern Xinjiang.
body length, laterally flattened, slightly raised dorsally, dorsal and ventral surfaces bluntly rounded; The head is medium-sized and slightly pointed. The body length can reach 102 cm, generally weighing 1.5-2.5 kg, and the largest individual can reach more than 15 kg. The snout is pointed, the mouth is large, the end is positioned, obliquely lobed, the lower jaw protrudes slightly above the upper jaw, and the upper jaw extends below the posterior edge of the eye. Both jaws , vomer bones , and mouth cap have small teeth. The posterior edge of the anterior parodle is finely serrated , with 3 large spines on the lower edge of the posterior horn and 1 spine on the posterior end of the operculum. The body is scaled by small ctenophores and the lateral line is complete and straight. The back of the body is bluish grey , and the sides and abdomen are silvery white. There are black spots on the upper body side and dorsal fin, which decrease with age.
Perch prefers brackish water in estuaries and can also live in fresh water. It is mainly distributed in the western Pacific Ocean, mainland coasts and freshwater bodies leading to the sea, and is more common in the East China Sea and Bohai Sea. It is one of the common economic fish species and is also a species for the development of mariculture. The main production areas are Qingdao, Shidao, Qinhuangdao and Zhoushan Islands. The fishing season is spring and autumn, and October ~ November is the peak fishing period.
- Tilapia
Tilapia commonly known as South Sea crucian carp, African cubi, Fushou fish, tilapia native to Lake Tanganyika in Africa, similar in appearance to crucian carp, fins with spines, resembling mandarin fish. Fushou fish is a widely salty fish that can survive in both seawater and fresh water. It has a strong adaptability to low-oxygen environment, generally inhabits the bottom of the water, and usually inhabits the water layer with the change of water temperature or the size of the fish. It has excellent adaptability and strong fecundity.
Tilapia inhabit the middle and lower layers and are omnivorous fish that are mainly plant-based bait. Tilapia is not resistant to low temperatures and will freeze to death at a water temperature of about 10 ° C.
Some species of tilapia have oral hatching behavior, that is, the female fish holds the fertilized egg in her mouth until it hatches into a juvenile, which is very beneficial to her reproduction. Before breeding in some species of tilapia, males will dig the subsoil to build pot-shaped nests, which have a strong territoriality, and females lay their eggs in the nest, and after hatching, the females will hold the juveniles in their mouths to protect.
- Pipefish
The billfish is willow-leaf-shaped, with a straight back of the head, a raised back of the head, large, rounded eyes, small scales, and a slightly upward curved anterior. The back of the body is light brown, the sides of the body are silver-gray, and a large protruding and upturned mouth is particularly eye-catching, hence the name. Widely distributed in various waters of the continent, because of its streamlined body, like a very silver arowana, now also included in the aquarium market, but the billfish steamed or braised is the most delicious, the meat is tender, delicious, its living environment for water quality requirements are very strict, water quality is not good will not have this fish
- Mandarin fish
Mandarin fish is also known as mandarin fish and osmanthus fish. The body is flattened laterally, the mouth is large, both jaws, the vomer bones have villiform teeth, and the small teeth in the front of the upper and lower jaws are canine-shaped; The rounded scales are very small; There are irregular dark brown patches on the side of the body. It is found only in rivers and lakes in the eastern plains of China. Wintering in the depths of the water.
Mandarin fish usually live alone, which is also a common feature of almost all carnivorous fish. Mandarin fish have strong adaptability to water temperature and are distributed in the northern and southern water systems of China. Mandarin fish live near the bottom of clear rivers and lakes, and especially prefer to hide behind underwater rocks or in lush grass. In the autumn and winter when the water temperature is low, they dive into deep water to winter, and when the water temperature rises in spring, they gradually swim to the grass near the shore where food is abundant in search of food. Mandarin fish are mainly nocturnal, generally lying in stone crevices, tree roots, and pits during the day, and have less activity. Mandarin fish eat very carefully, and after swallowing fish and shrimp, it will spit out the fish bones and shrimp shells, leaving only the meat in the belly. This unique characteristic is rare among other carnivorous fish.
- trout
Trout is a collective name for a variety of fish in the salmon subfamily, there are about 10 species in the world, common are rainbow trout, golden trout, brown trout, river trout, lake trout, etc., the mainland has been introduced many times, now from Heilongjiang in the north, Guangdong in the south, Sichuan in the west, Jiangsu and Zhejiang in the east to the rivers, lakes and other water bodies are distributed.
Trout body is spindle-shaped, slightly flattened, large mouth, blunt snout, small and rounded scales, short dorsal fin base, small fat fins behind the dorsal fin, medium pectoral fin, small ventral fin, blue-green, yellow-green or brown on the back and top of the head, silvery-white, white or off-white on the side and abdomen, and small black spots are distributed irregularly throughout the body.
Trout is native to northern North America and the west coast of the Pacific Ocean, in fact, trout is also one of the most difficult fish to classify, coupled with the introduction of hybrids and exotic species to make the classification of trout more complicated, the mainland has introduced trout many times, now from Heilongjiang in the north, Guangdong in the south, Sichuan in the west, and Jiangsu and Zhejiang in the east to rivers, lakes and other water bodies are distributed.
- sturgeon
Sturgeon is one of the earliest vertebrates of living origin. Sturgeon belongs to the order Teleost fish, the suborder Rayfin, the order Cartilaginous squamous, and the order Sturgeon. Sturgeon is commonly referred to as fish of the order Sturgeon. It is one of the most primitive taxa of fish.
Sturgeon has an elongated body and is generally fusiform in shape. The cross-section of the trunk is nearly pentagonal. The snout is long , covered by 5 rows of bony plates , or sometimes bare. There is no orbital septum, anterior operculum, and interoperculum. Supracephalic bony plates may or may not be present. The upper edge of the caudal fin has 1 row of spiny scales. The fin bars do not ossify. The dorsal and fins are posterior. Pectoral fins low. The ventral fin is anterior to the dorsal fin. The caudal fin is crooked, or whip-shaped, with the upper lobe longer than the lower lobe. The inner skull is cartilage and only partially ossified. The square bones of the left and right palate are not connected to the ethmoid or sphenoid area, and are firmly connected to the jaw. There are clavicles and no vertebral bodies. The swim bladder is large, and the dart tube is connected to the back of the esophagus. Short esophagus. The stomach is distended and there is a pyloric sac. The intestine is short and has well-developed spiral valves.
Sturgeon inhabit the middle and lower layers of the water body. Both migratory and sedentary species move upstream during spawning. In winter, it is mostly in rivers or deep water near the shore. The larval stage generally eats plankton. The main food of juvenile fish is benthic aquatic oligochaetes, aquatic insects, small fish and shrimp and molluscs. Adults feed on benthic animals or plant and animal residue, while shovel sturgeon still feeds on plankton.
They are all distributed in the northern hemisphere, and there are nine natural distribution areas: the eastern coast of the Pacific Ocean, the Great Lakes region of North America, the northwestern Atlantic Ocean, the Mississippi River basin and the Gulf of Mexico in North America, the northeastern Atlantic Ocean, the Caspian Sea region, the Siberian and Arctic Ocean basins, the Heilongjiang and the Sea of Japan, the Yangtze River and the Pearl River.
There are seven species of wild sturgeon in mainland China, including Shi's sturgeon, Dar's sturgeon, and Sakhalin sturgeon, which are distributed in the Heilongjiang, Songhua and Ussuri river basins; Chinese sturgeon and sturgeon distributed in the Yangtze River and Jinsha River basins; Gymno-bellied sturgeon distributed in the waters of Yining and other places in Xinjiang; Siberian sturgeon distributed in Xinjiang on the Irtysh River, the Brentto Sea and Bosten Lake. So far, the mainland has imported more than a dozen species such as Russian sturgeon, European sturgeon, small body sturgeon, and spoon sturgeon from abroad for research or artificial breeding.
- Carp
Carp is also called rod fish, rod fish, largemouth carp, water tiger, etc., because the head of this fish is copper-yellow, so some places also call it copper fish, copperhead fish. It is also a close relative of carp and is a fish of the family Cyprinidae. The body is slender, the head is long and pointed, and the mouth is also large. This fish is a typical carnivorous fish that specializes in hunting a variety of fish. It is also very large, some can grow to more than 1.5 meters, and can weigh more than 100 pounds.
Carp is also widely distributed on the mainland, with the exception of the northwest and southwest regions. The fish is mainly found in rivers, lakes and some reservoirs. Of course, there are also some large fish ponds, which will enter some fish ponds as the river rises.