If self-confidence is India's pass, then extreme death is definitely the Polish epitaph.
Poland's national anthem is called "Poland Has Not Perished", but in fact it died three times in just 200 years.
Historical Poland was either beaten or on the way to be beaten, because Poland has unique natural resources and geographical location, and eventually became a copy of the upgraded explosive equipment of surrounding countries, which can be said to be the European experience baby. A must-brush quest for the newbie village.
Germany, France, Russia and many other European powers will brush a wave of experience in Poland before rising, so Poland is also known as the footcloth of Europe. Practice your hands before you go out.
In fact, Poland's ancestors are very broad, and Poland in the 16th century was the largest and most populous country in Europe, with a land area of 1 million square kilometers, which can be said to be the hegemon of Eastern Europe.
It is the only country in history that has truly occupied Moscow, creating a grand feat that neither Napoleon nor Hitler could achieve.
So how did such a country that sounds so bullish embark on the road of death in a cycle of death and restoration?
Poland is above Russia, left by Germany, is the core of the European forces tug-of-war, in such an extraordinary position, the way to survive is to turn a deaf ear to the outside of the window.
But Poland did not, he jumped left and right, offending all the neighbors.
As early as the 13th century, Poland was repeatedly attacked by the Mongols and then by the Teutonic Knights.
The Knights were all Germans, and although they were famous, they were actually just a group of wandering warriors with no fixed place to live.
The Teutonic Knights not only took root directly in Prussia, but also directly established state power, which was the predecessor of the later Kingdom of Prussia and Germany.
The Teutonic Knights are all blood-licking masters, and they only suffer losses as neighbors with them.
So throughout the 13th century, Poland was beaten, and his territory was gradually reduced by 2/3, and it is estimated that it will disappear from the map of Europe if it endures any longer.
At the end of the 14th century, Poland welcomed a good neighbor, Lithuania, and Poland found the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and decided to ally with them by marriage. And Lithuania, also happily agreed, after all, this is a mutually beneficial thing.
With the help of Lithuania, Poland not only recovered the territories occupied by the Teutonic Knights, but also formed men and horses, hanging the Knights composed of Germans, French, Swiss, etc.
It has been suppressing the Teutonic Knights for the next half century, and it can be said that he has been stepping on the hands of his young Germany.
It was not enough to offend one, Poland remembered the tsarist Russia at its head again. Tsarist Russia and Poland are actually close relatives, they belong to the same Slavs in human language, but these two beliefs are different sects, and since the late Middle Ages, all kinds of disagreements have begun to tear apart.
By the 16th century, Poland, which had become a European power, was already salivating over the land of Tsarist Russia.
It happened that at this time, Tsar Grunov inexplicably killed Tsarist Russia while walking in the morning, resulting in a temporary ownerlessness in the country and riots.
Poland was excited at that time, and in order to help his neighbors calm civil unrest, he specially created a pseudo-tsar to go to Moscow to seize power.
At this time, the Russian nobles were busy with infighting, and there was no time to take care of this pseudo-tsar.
Unexpectedly, in 1605, the Polish pseudo-tsar miraculously stayed in the Kremlin.
However, the scenery did not last long, the German nobles sobered up, they also became more and more disgusted with this two or five from Poland, and this goods became more and more presumptuous, began to cede land to Poland in an upright manner, and the whole of Russia was angered.
In 1606, the Russians hacked the pseudo-tsar to death in the street, burned it to ashes, formed it into balls, and then stuffed it into a cannon barrel and fired a cannon in the direction of Poland.
And this cannonball of ashes completely angered Poland, a broken household, actually dared to step on the head of my powerful Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, must send troops to annihilate you.
Therefore, in 1610, the Polish army attacked Tsarist Russia in a big way, and Russia, whose economic and military strength was declining at that time, was unable to fight back.
In the decisive battle, 7,000 Polish elite cavalry defeated 40,000 Russian troops and directly hit the city of Moscow
In October of the same year, Poland became the first and only country in history to actually occupy Moscow. This is the brightest moment in Poland to date and the darkest moment in Russian history.
Years of war cost Russia nearly half of its population, and Poland sowed the bitter fruit of its fate.
While attacking Russia, Poland has also been waging war with other neighbors, and also created the famous Battle of Gilholm, 2,500 Polish wing cavalry stepped on the combined forces of Sweden, the Netherlands and Germany, and the scenery was incomparable.
As the saying goes, everyone has a glorious moment, don't take this moment as a forever.
After Poland captured Moscow, a German city of more than 80,000 people was killed by Polish troops to only 8,000 people.
There is no doubt that doing so will surely awaken the bloodiness and resistance of the fighting nation.
In 1611, the Russians formed an insurrectionary army to counterattack Poland
In 1612, the Poles were completely driven out of Moscow.
The Poles spent two years in Moscow, not only failing to fulfill their great wish for a united Russia, but also losing more than half of their army.
And in 1652, the Polish nobility forced Parliament to pass a policy that could not have been thought of without a cerebral thrombosis for ten years.
At that time, Poland had an internal democracy, which mainly had two rules, one called free election of kings and the other called free veto.
Free election means that Poles can elect a king through elections, but there is an extremely strict requirement, that is, the voters and those who participate in the election must be Polish nobles.
As for the free veto, it is that when a member of parliament opposes a bill in Poland, it cannot be passed, similar to the one-vote veto power of the P5.
As a result, it was the nobles who controlled most of the interests in Poland at that time, and when there were issues related to people's livelihood, the nobles often only discussed and did not decide.
Of the 71 meetings held, 42 were interrupted by the free veto. At this time, the Polish king was a mascot, and as long as the nobles wanted, any foreigner could ascend the throne to play.
It can be said that the Polish parliament at that time was a fart in the eyes of the people, and the tube was still wide.
So in 1648, the Ukrainian people took the lead in holding a national uprising, and Poland fell apart for a while.
And the sins created in youth must be repaid after all. In 1654, Russia declared war on Poland. Next year. Sweden raids Poland. By the 18th century, Poland, once mighty, became a sandwich biscuit.
Tsarist Russia in the east, Prussia in the west, and emerging Austria in the south surrounded him.
These three countries combined had an army of 800,000, and the Polish army at this time could not make up 10,000 people.
In 1772, Russia, together with Prussia and Austria, partitioned Poland for the first time, losing 30% of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
In 1793, Russia and Prussia partitioned Poland for the second time, leaving only 220,000 square kilometers in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
In 1795, Poland was partitioned for the third time. At this point, Poland, which had been established for more than 700 years, was completely destroyed.
But although the country is dead, the people are still there, and the Poles have never extinguished the flame of restoration in their hearts.