During the Republican period, due to continuous wars, especially after 1916, the warlord chaos was endless, which led to a very poor local security environment, and a serious consequence was the birth of a large number of bandits. Among the many bandits, in terms of the degree of the heinous crime, the leader of the bandits in Hebei, Guo Qing, can definitely be at the top.
01. Guo Qingben was born as a landlord and became a bandit after losing his family's property
Guo Qing, Zijingquan, milk name Wang Bao, was born in the 32nd year of Guangxu (1906) in a landowning family in Daying Village, Baihe Township, Linzhang County, Hebei Province. His father, Guo Tingyu, had frequent dealings with bandits in his early years, and died when Guo Qing was five years old, leaving behind a wife, a pair of children, and 120 acres of land.
Although his father died early, but fortunately, the family is rich, Guo Qing's family does not have to worry about livelihood, Guo Qing was sent by his mother to study in the village private school when he was ten years old. However, due to his pampering since childhood, Guo Qing could not stand the discipline of his husband, did not abide by the school rules, and loved to fight and fight, so he dropped out of school and returned home at the age of fourteen.
Due to his age, his mother could not discipline him, and after dropping out of school, Guo Qing wandered into the market every day, and over time not only contracted a problem, but later became obsessed with gambling. Although Guo Qing has money in the family, his mother saw her son making such a mess, and she was willing to give him money to gamble.
Just as the so-called ten gambling and nine losing, Guo Qing lost money, and the family did not give it, he could only steal everywhere, and as the courage grew, it later developed into roadblock robbery, and finally developed into burglary and kidnapping. At the age of seventeen or eighteen, because his mother could not discipline him, Guo Qing eventually lost all his family property and lost his source of livelihood.
Without financial resources and no ability to survive, Guo Qing thought about it and decided to become a bandit, but he couldn't be a bandit without a gun. In order to get a gun, he first went to his hometown to ask for guns in various villages in the name of maintaining local security, but you have no money and no power, who will give you a gun, but instead of getting a gun, he also made himself a mess.
There was really no way, so Guo Qing ran to a fellow villager Wang Zicheng's house in Dongwuchakou to borrow a gun, and then started stealing and robbing the road. Later, he felt that he could not do anything big alone, so he teamed up with Zhang Garlic Braids and others in his village to rob four guns in Daying Village, and initially formed a bandit armament.
02. The joint bandits claim to be the commander and do everything evil in the troubled country
Since becoming a bandit, Guo Qing has wandered around with his group of people and horses, and has rarely returned home since. In the process of wandering everywhere, Guo Qing successively became acquainted with the bandits Zhao Jinhua and Song Tiancheng, and because the power of the three was not large, after some discussion, he decided to join forces and seek greater development.
After all, Guo Qing is a bandit who has read books, and with the development of his power, he is no longer satisfied with small fights, in order to dominate the side, he began to make bandit friends and constantly attract and absorb other bandit forces. By 1934, Guo Qing's bandit team had grown to eighty or ninety people, becoming a very powerful bandit force in the local area.
However, just when Guo Qing's bandit cause was flourishing, he did not expect that Shi Yousan, known as the "defecting general", led his troops to pass by and launched a siege and suppression of Guo Qing's bandits. Guo Qing's bandit team naturally could not confront the regular troops, and as a result, it suffered a crushing defeat after the battle, although Guo Qing was able to escape, but the team he had developed with great difficulty was almost completely annihilated, and more than 30 bandits who were captured alive were also beheaded for public display.
After Guo Qing fled, he did not dare to show up for a long time, and did not even dare to stay in Hebei, and finally chose to defect to the bandit Liu Shengwei in Wuzhuang, Anyang, Henan. Perhaps because of his reading, Guo Qing was quickly taken seriously by Liu Sheng, and after Liu Sheng's death, he was able to take over Liu Sheng's team.
After the "July Seven Incident" in 1937, with the large-scale invasion of the Japanese army, the military and political personnel of the National Government fled south, and local security became more chaotic, Guo Qing took the opportunity to set up a stronghold in Youfang Village in Zhanghenan, and soon collected 6700 local civilian guns, and his strength was rapidly expanded. Later, Guo Qing even joined forces with Cheng Ximeng, Dagen, and Laodian to establish a bandit headquarters, and Guo Qing called himself the bandit commander.
With the growth of strength, more and more areas were harmed by Guo Qing, in order to feed the team, Guo Qing sent people everywhere to ask for money and food, if anyone dared not to give it, he took the team to rob hard, for a time the surrounding villages and towns people complained, but in the face of Guo Qing, who was crowded with many people, the people had nowhere to redress their grievances.
03. Defected to the Japanese army and became a traitor, wantonly killing the anti-log soldiers
In order to resist the Japanese army, the Nationalist government was pulling Zhuangding everywhere and collecting troops, and soon Guo Qing's bandits also attracted the attention of the Nationalist government, and Li Xudong sent Zhao Baocai to collect Guo Qing, appointing Guo Qing as the brigade commander, Cheng Ximeng as the deputy brigade commander, and Cheng Wenxuan, Li Deshan, and Du Erbao as the commanders of the first, second, and third regiments.
Although Guo Qing accepted the acceptance of the Nationalist government, he was unwilling to follow Li Xudong's team, and Zhao Baocai saw that he could not complete the task, and he felt that he could not explain when he went back, so he simply stayed in Linzhang as a bandit.
In the following years, because the front line was busy resisting the Japanese, without anyone taking care of it, Guo Qing's bandit activities were also extremely frequent, raiding homes, killing and setting fires, kidnapping meat tickets, and raping women, which were simply evil, and the surrounding Xiewang Village, Shen Village, Sanpet Village, Nandongfang, Xinyi, Yanggang, Dongfan Town, and Dougong in Cheng'an County, Huilong and Beigao in Wei County, Chuwang in Neihuang County, Qiangjianzhang and Yinjiaqiao in Cixian County, Pengcheng, Xuecun, and Hecun in Fengfeng Mining Area, and Xinji in Anyang County were all attacked.
In 1938, in order to develop eastward, in the name of avenging his brother Zhao Jinhua, Guo Qing joined forces with Han Zhihe, a bandit in Zhangcun, and Wang Ziquan, a bandit in Henan, to launch an attack on Yang Erkuan, who was entrenched in Yanggang Village, Yang Erkuan fled without defeat, and after Guo Qing entered the village, he brutally killed dozens of people in Yanggang Village, burned all houses, and robbed all property.
In order to command the bandits, Guo Qing made a Kuomintang petty officer named Su Mingqi a puppet commander. In the autumn of 1938, he gathered all bandits at the mouth of the Jia River to "join forces for exercise", set up a general regiment, elected Guo Qing as the regiment leader, and returned to their original places after the exercise, and Guo Qing also brought some people back to his family's Daying village.
Due to Guo Qing's misdeeds, he finally aroused the idea of the 129th Division of our army, and then the eastward advance column of the 129th Division launched the Battle of Zhangnan, surrounded and attacked the bandit strongholds such as Jia Hekou, Daying, Dongxinzhai, and Zhangcunji, as a result, Su Qiming was captured, Guo Qingbu was also defeated in the camp, and Guo Qing fled barefoot. After being hit, Guo Qing's department of the Frightened Bird moved to Cixian and Fengfeng to carry out activities.
In 1939, the Japanese established the "Anlin Special Garrison Command", and by wooing bandits to "rule China with China", Guo Qing was appointed as the deputy commander, and concurrently served as the head of the second and third districts of Linzhang County, and Guo Qing became a traitor. With the Japanese as a backer, Guo Qing's power developed again, and in May 1943 it was reorganized as the "Independent Brigade of Southern Hebei Communists".
With the support of the Japanese, Guo Qing forcibly distributed an expanded team to each village, thus becoming a large-scale Hanjian team. Since he defected to the Japanese, Guo Qing has become a hardcore traitor, openly making enemies of our party's army, wantonly killing the people and anti-log soldiers, according to incomplete statistics in 1946, Guo Qing mutilated more than 7,000 people in Linzhang, Cheng'an, and Wei County alone, and his methods were extremely cruel.
04. After Japan surrendered, it surrendered to the national army, and was eventually surrounded and shot by our army
In 1945, with the surrender of the Japanese, Guo Qing turned to the Kuomintang in order to continue to dominate the local government. Fearing that he would be wiped out in the north of the Zhanghe River, Guo Qing left the mouth of the Jia River for many years with about 1,500 people and came to Liuyuan to operate. After that, the three bandits Guo Qing, Wang Ziquan, and Cheng Daosheng were combined into the Anyang Local Self-Defense Regiment, under the command of Major General Zhao Ziliang, administrative commissioner of the Third Chief Executive's Office of Henan Province, commander of security, and commander of the Qingqi Command.
After Guo Qing withdrew, the north of the Zhanghe River was liberated, and our party established grassroots political power here, and began to organize tenants and poor peasants to reduce rents and interest rates, and fight for landlords to divide their fields. In order to protect the interests of the landlord bullies, Guo Qing organized a group to return to the countryside, often crossing the Zhanghe River to attack.
In 1947, the Battle of Yubei broke out, our army captured Liuyuan in April, liberated Cuijiaqiao on May 6, and the army pointed directly at Anyang. After Guo Qing was at Liuyuan Station Abi, he retreated all the way along the Anyang Bridge and Yuanzhai to Guojiawan, and was appointed by the Kuomintang Anyang Garrison as the leader of the "Second Column of the Henan Provincial People's Self-Defense Force". At the end of May, the main force of our army advanced southwest of Jin, and Anyang was besieged by local troops.
During this period, our party sent people to Anyang many times to do Guo Qing's ideological work, but Guo Qing remained obsessed, and instead continued to sneak up on our troops and the Bald movement. In 1948, Guo Qing was appointed by the Kuomintang as the commander of the 337th Division and the deputy commander-in-chief of the "Suppression of the Communists" headquarters in Qingxiang, Hebei-Yu Border District.
In September 1948, the Kuomintang troops stationed in Anyang withdrew under the pretext of participating in the Battle of Xuzhou, and Guo Qing was appointed commander of the defense of Anyang, commanding Wang Sanzhu's three regiments, Wang Jingchang's two regiments, Liu Lexian's regiment, Cheng Wanfu's battalion, Guo Qing's headquarters, plus a heavy battalion and a sanitary stretcher brigade.
At the beginning of 1949, after the end of the three major battles, North China was basically liberated, leaving only three isolated cities, Taiyuan, Xinxiang and Anyang. At that time, bandits, landlord armed forces, and remnants of the Kuomintang in the surrounding areas all fled into Anyang City, making more than 30,000 reactionary elements gather in Anyang City.
In May of the same year, the 13th Corps, with the cooperation of local troops, launched a siege of Anyang after clearing the outlying strongholds of Anyang, and in only one day it broke through the city of Anyang, annihilating 14,190 enemies before and after, and capturing 15,182 officers and men under Zhao Qianchen, commissioner of the Third Administrative Region of the Kuomintang and commander-in-chief of the "Qingzheng" of the Hebei-Yu Border Region. After our army entered the city, Guo Qing wanted to escape through the east gate, but was blocked by our army, and then rushed south, but was surrounded by our army in the south house of Nie's courtyard, and was killed by our army in the case of suicide attempt, thus ending his criminal life.