Under the rule of the Qing Dynasty, if the people wore Han clothes, it was a great rebellion. Not long after the Qing soldiers entered the customs, Dolgon couldn't wait to issue the first "shaving order": "From today's proclamation, the Beijing division is limited to the day of the month, and the provinces and localities directly under the province will also be limited to shaving their hair on the day of the month." If you avoid the recklessness, make clever arguments, and severely punish you. Not long after the shaving order was issued, Dolgon issued a "transvestment order."
Even in distant Guangzhou, as soon as the Qing army entered, the first notice was to post the order to shave and change obedience: "Money rat's tail is the elegant government of the new dynasty; Eguan Bo belt, the bad rules of the real country". Ordinary people are required to take off their Han clothes and put on full clothes, and if they refuse to carry it out, the consequences will be very serious - "Those who do not shave their hair and change their clothes according to the system of this dynasty will not be killed." ”
We all know that the Han people in ancient times have always been proud of their traditional clothing, and even used the left and right sides of their clothes to distinguish Yidi and Huaxia. As soon as the Qing court's "order to change obedience" was issued, it hurt the national self-esteem of the Han people, and many people opposed it at that time, but they were suppressed by the Qing court, and also caused the 81st day of Jiangyin, the three massacres of Jiading and other tragedies.
However, Han culture is too powerful, and many emperors in the early Qing Dynasty have great respect for Han culture, such as Yongzheng once wore Han clothing, and the "Yongzheng Xingle Map" in the Palace Museum depicts the scene of the Yongzheng Emperor incarnating in various identities: such as Gaoshi playing the piano, the immortal riding the chapher, Tao Yuanming who picks chrysanthemums, the old fisherman who fishes the cold river alone, and so on. In many of these drawings, Yongzheng is dressed in Han clothes, like an old man in the field.
After a series of strong measures, only 2 people in the Qing Dynasty at that time could wear Han clothes: one was a drama, and the other was a dead person. However, with the admiration of Han culture by emperors such as Kangxi and Yongzheng, high-ranking officials of the Qing Dynasty also liked to wear Han clothes. For example, the Qianlong Emperor especially liked to wear Hanfu in private, and often wore Hanfu for leisure.
There were even rumors at one point that the Qianlong Emperor wanted to restore Hanfu. According to the "Barnyard Banknotes" collected and compiled by Xu Ke in the late Qing Dynasty and early People's Dynasty, Qianlong had hoped to change Manchurian clothing to Hanfu. Later, due to the unyielding obstruction of the old forces, it was not achieved after all. (In the palace, try the clothes and clothes, and the desire is easy.) One day, Mian Xu dressed in a robe, summoned to get close to him, and said: 'Is it like a Han? An old minister said alone: "The emperor is like Han Cheng, but Yu Man is not." 'Yes. ）
Qianlong was influenced by his father Yongzheng and grandfather Kangxi who loved Han culture, so he also fell in love with wearing Hanfu, bringing some relaxation to the usually serious and tense palace life, and there are many paintings in history that left Qianlong in Hanfu Xingle, when Qianlong repeatedly ordered painters such as Lang Shining, who combined Chinese and Western painting skills, to paint pictures wearing Hanfu with a variety of themes.
▲ The Qianlong Emperor loved to wear Hanfu in private. (Photo/Taken from the encyclopedia entry)
At present, there are a total of 12 pictures of Qianlong's private leisure and entertainment, including "Qing Yuan Ben December Ling Scroll" and "Qianlong View Peacock Opening Screen Pasting", "Qing Gaozong Autumn Scenery Writing Map", "Xiqing Map", "Pine Stone Flowing Spring Leisure Map", "Hongli Guanhe Fuqin Map", "Hongli View Picture Map", "Linxiang Shengji Snow Scene Map" and so on.
▲ "Qianlong View Peacock Opening Screen Sticker". (Photo/Taken from the encyclopedia entry)
However, of course, such a privilege can only be enjoyed by the emperor Qianlong, for Qianlong, wearing Hanfu is also a pastime for him, a way to change his taste, and Qianlong knows that this is entertainment, and it must not be advocated, so he has also publicly criticized the Sinicization of the Northern Dynasty Wei and Liao Jinyuan, scolding them for "forgetting their roots and abandoning the old", and also attacking folk literati to paint Hanfu paintings, which can be said to be a very double standard practice.
References: "Barnyard Banknotes", "Qing History Manuscript"