First, the digital economy promotes the transformation of traditional manufacturing to advanced manufacturing
The digital economy promotes the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry, which is first manifested in the development of the digital economy to promote digital productivity, intensify intra-departmental competition and inter-departmental competition of capital, promote the transformation of manufacturing enterprises into integrated production methods, and transform the manufacturing production structure to a more efficient advanced manufacturing industry. On the one hand, in a single sector of manufacturing, the profit-seeking and cruel market competition of capital require enterprises to continuously improve labor productivity in order to obtain excess surplus value.
With the deep integration of digital technology and manufacturing, labor productivity increasingly depends on the level of application of science and technology. Therefore, if a single enterprise uses digital technology to improve labor productivity and obtain excess surplus value, it will cause imitation by other enterprises, thus forming a diffusion mechanism within the department, and constantly promoting enterprises in the same department to adopt new technologies and new models to change the traditional production mode, so that the production structure of the entire manufacturing industry can be upgraded.
On the other hand, intra-sector competition intensified by the development of digital technology will lead to differences in profit margins in different manufacturing industries. The requirement of the same amount of capital to obtain the same amount of profit intensifies the competition between sectors, triggers the transfer of capital to high-tech manufacturing, and thus accelerates the structural upgrading of the entire manufacturing industry. It can be seen that the intersectoral transfer of capital will also promote the intersectoral diffusion of digital technology, which in turn will promote the digital transformation of the entire manufacturing industry.
Second, the digital economy has spawned new industries and models centered on demand
The digital economy promotes the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry, followed by the development of the digital economy, which puts the application of digital technology on the path of industrialization development, and continuously spawns demand-centered emerging industries and models, so that the manufacturing structure continues to evolve and upgrade.
When analyzing large-scale industrial production, Marx pointed out that industrial production must establish a matching technical foundation, that is, "using machines to produce machines." It can be seen that with the advancement of science and technology, new machines for the production of means of production will continue to emerge, and the demand will inevitably increase significantly, and the machine manufacturing industry will gradually be subdivided into a wide variety of new industries.
In the digital era, the rapid development of digital economy and the wide application of digital technology have made digital technology embark on the road of industrialization development in many fields, the innovation and application of digital technology continues to give birth to new market demand for digital products, digital media equipment manufacturing, intelligent equipment manufacturing, electronic components and equipment manufacturing and other high-tech industries have developed rapidly, and the emergence and development of these emerging industries has directly enriched the industrial structure.
In addition, the development of digital industry promotes the commercial application of digital technology and continuously changes the production and operation mode of traditional manufacturing. The traditional manufacturing industry can fully identify market demand by using digital technology, form a business model and business model centered on user market demand, which is conducive to optimizing resource allocation, bringing greater commercial profits, and finally forming a new industrial form.
Third, the digital economy accelerates the restructuring and upgrading of the global value chain of the manufacturing industry
The digital economy promotes the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry, and is also manifested in accelerating the adjustment of the division of labor in the global value chain through the deep integration of manufacturing and digital economy, and accelerating the reconstruction and upgrading of the global value chain of the manufacturing industry. For a long time, the mainland manufacturing industry has been dominated by assembly, processing and other links with low added value, and is in a weak position in the international division of labor.
In the industrial digitalization environment, digital technology and data elements are continuously integrated with the manufacturing industry, enabling the mainland manufacturing industry to participate more in the R&D and sales links, so as to get rid of the dilemma of "low-end lockdown". On the one hand, through the improvement of the quality of workers and the expansion of the function of production materials, the digital economy has greatly improved the productivity of the manufacturing industry and enhanced the ability of technological innovation, and promoted the mainland manufacturing industry to participate more in the research and development of technologies and products. On the other hand, the digital economy provides industrial support for the transformation of manufacturing services.
The deep integration of modern service industry and manufacturing industry based on digital technology will drive the transformation of manufacturing-centric value chain to service-centric value chain, increase the added value rate of mainland manufacturing products, and help upgrade the mainland manufacturing value chain. In addition, the digital economy breaks the high geographical concentration of production and R&D activities through the saving of circulation costs in the process of industrial chain circulation, and decentralized social production enables enterprises distributed in different regions to participate more in all links of the value chain division of labor, promote the adjustment of the division of labor in the manufacturing value chain, and help the upgrading of the manufacturing industrial structure.
Digital technology injected into the manufacturing industry to gradually transform enterprise production to intelligence, enterprises through intelligent manufacturing can not only greatly improve labor productivity, but also to achieve product personalization and customized production, so as to improve the quality of product supply, in addition, enterprises apply digital technology to change the technical conditions in the production process, but also to achieve the saving of production materials and labor.
The traditional production mode of the manufacturing industry mainly relies on expanding the labor object to save the fixed cost of the enterprise, and the production mode of the "assembly line" exerts the efficiency of division of labor to the extreme, and promotes the formation of a simple collaboration and the institutional model of factory manual industrial division of labor at the micro level. The first industrial revolution greatly improved social productivity, and was widely used in saving production costs by improving the scientific and technological content of production tools, thereby promoting institutional innovation such as large-scale machine industry and joint-stock companies.
In the context of the digital economy era, digital technology organically connects the machinery and equipment in the production and manufacturing links to realize the intelligent and automated manufacturing process, which can save massive manual repetitive labor, and unmanned factories become a reality, thereby saving labor and reducing labor costs; Cloud computing and big data realize remote control of production and manufacturing, timely give the best solution to equipment failure, shorten downtime, save production time and production costs. Promoting the smooth realization of commodity trading is conducive to accelerating the capital circulation of enterprises and increasing corporate profits.
With the development of the digital economy, traditional manufacturing enterprises rely on digital platforms to carry out e-commerce activities, and the integration of virtual platforms and the real economy has a strong saving effect, making commodity buying and selling easier, saving circulation time and circulation costs. Specifically, digital platforms optimize transaction links and reduce storage costs by weakening information asymmetry upstream and downstream of the supply chain and information asymmetry between buyers and sellers.
The digital platform breaks through the time limit and geographical interval of the traditional trading mode, and relies on the fast and convenient trading experience of the online mode to accelerate the transformation of commodity capital functions; The digital platform realizes precision marketing through big data, cloud computing and other technologies, and shortens the time to sell goods; Digital platforms enable sellers to automatically record merchandise sales in real time and count financial data instantly, thereby saving on bookkeeping costs, i.e. "non-productive consumption of labor time".
Digital finance, that is, the integration of digital technology and the financial industry, accelerates the accumulation of decentralized funds and idle money, and converts them into the monetary capital required for production, so as to make the connection of the three stages of capital circulation smoother. With the development of production socialization and capital accumulation, the scale of enterprise production continues to expand, the production boundary continues to extend, and the minimum amount of individual capital in the capital cycle continues to increase;
At the same time, the cyclical changes in the production of some enterprises make some capital "stay in the form of money" and "idle", and this part of idle money is free from production, resulting in the waste of resources. With the development of the digital economy, this problem can be alleviated, on the one hand, the development of digital finance makes the transformation of small idle money into lending capital faster and more convenient, so that idle money accumulates rapidly, relying on financial institutions to lend to enterprises with capital gaps. On the other hand, financial institutions use digital technologies such as big data and cloud computing.
It can fully obtain and identify the operation status and solvency of enterprises, so as to effectively alleviate the problem of information asymmetry, reduce the cost of financial risk identification, and unblock external financing constraints of enterprises. In addition, digital finance also has the advantages of unsecured and diversified models, which is a "snow in the snow" for small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises with weak competitiveness, limited assets and collateral, and insufficient information disclosure to solve the capital problem, and also accelerates the conversion of small idle money into lending capital and eventually enters the industrial capital cycle.