#历史开讲 #
A 5,000-year-old history of China, many dynasties have emerged. Some dynasties, successive monarchs strive to govern, diligent government and love the people, that is, dynasties that compete for anger. On the contrary, some dynasties, successive emperors tired of government, neglect of government, and even misbehave, are uncontending dynasties.
If a dynasty brings great shame to the entire Chinese nation, it is not just indisputable, it is the sinner of the historical nation. This was the case, for example, in the Qing Dynasty.
Today, I want to talk to you about the most comfortable and contentious dynasties and the most heavy and uncontested dynasties.
In my opinion, the Song Dynasty is the most pleasant and contentious dynasty in Chinese history.
First of all, Zhao Kuangyin, the founding emperor of the Song Dynasty, attached great importance to intellectuals. He ordered that no matter what fault the reader had, as long as it was not a rebellion, he should not be killed, and at most removed from his official position.
There is a book called "Officials of the Song Dynasty Are Not Affected by the Staff". So. The Song Dynasty was the most enlightened and loose dynasty in Chinese history. The life of the literati in the Song Dynasty was happy and comfortable.
Second, the emperors of the Song Dynasty attached great importance to culture, and all of them were masters. For example, since Emperor Taizu of Song, Emperor Taizong of Song Zhao Guangyi encouraged ministers to study. The idea that "opening the book is beneficial" was put forward. Zhao Guangyi also organized people to compile the "Taiping Guangji". The Taiping Guangji included all the books of the time. During the reign of Emperor Renzong of Song, a blowout of literary heroes appeared. For example, Sansu father and son, Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi, Sima Guang, and so on. During the reign of Emperor Huizong of Song, cultural undertakings reached their peak. Song Huizong Zhao He himself is a master of calligraphy and painting. His thin gold script is a big invention. He also founded the National Academy of Painting. The list of masters is endless. Emperor Gaozong of Song was also a calligrapher.
In the Northern and Southern Song Dynasties, Chinese culture developed to its peak. In poetry, there are extravagant and gentle schools. The words of the Song Dynasty were well developed. Su Shixin abandoned the land tour and was a representative of the extravagant faction. Li Qingzhao is a representative of the Wanyo faction.
The achievements of Zhu Xi of the Southern Song Dynasty are the culmination of Confucianism. His Zhu Shu Ji was an essential textbook for the later imperial examination.
People nostalgic for the Song Dynasty and are willing to coexist and die with it. Therefore, when the Yuan Dynasty destroyed the Song Dynasty, hundreds of thousands of ordinary people also jumped into the sea and died martyrdom.
After talking about the Song Dynasty, let's talk about the most oppressive and uncontested dynasty in history. That is the Ming Dynasty.
As the saying goes, the upper beam is not correct and the lower beam is crooked!
The founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, and the founding emperor of the Song Dynasty, Zhao Kuangyin, are simply incomparable in terms of cultural quality!
Zhao Kuangyin was born in a family of eunuchs. And Zhu Yuanzhang is a monk who wants to eat. Therefore, Zhu Yuanzhang has a natural hatred of readers. He had low self-esteem, so after becoming emperor, he killed intellectuals arbitrarily, and he was just as mean and unkind as a hero.
Therefore, starting with Zhu Yuanzhang, his sons and grandsons, all subsequent emperors, have never been polite to intellectuals and readers. The Jiajing Emperor's great etiquette dispute killed more than 150 people on the spot.
In addition, the death of Fang Xiaoxiao, the death of Xie Jin, the encounter of Zhang Juzheng, and the death of Yuan Chonghuan, the people were chilled. Talk about how to be in a good mood!
Generations of emperors did not do their job. Ming Yingzong Tumu Fort was captured by Vara Pata Khan. Ming Wuzong likes to play dragons and phoenixes. Emperor Jiajing liked to cultivate immortals and did not go to court for decades. Some ministers had never even seen the emperor's face. The Emperor of the Apocalypse loved carpentry. Finally, there is the Chongzhen Emperor, who loves to kill people the most.
Another manifestation of the political darkness of the Ming Dynasty was that the eunuchs were very open-minded. Almost every emperor favored eunuchs. To list, there are great eunuchs Wang Zhen, Liu Jin, Wei Zhongxian, and so on. Eunuchs interfere in government and exclude honest ministers. Therefore, no matter how loyal the common people are, it is useless.
Therefore, the Ming Dynasty did not have great writers, and neither did the Qing Dynasty. The emperor did not need culture, he needed slave slaves.
When the two dynasties are compared, the advantages and disadvantages are immediately appointed.
I wonder what the readers think? New and old students are welcome to criticize and correct them.
