It wasn't a problem, but it suddenly became popular. It turned out that the wolf and the gangster were in cahoots, planning for several years, but now they feel that the fire is almost the same, and they plan to rob it clearly.
On the occasion of the Spring Festival, the so-called travel artists with a "very thick" platform jumped out and openly claimed that the lunar calendar was sent by Western missionaries, was an imported product, and was a lunar calendar, which caused heated discussions on the Internet.
The lunar calendar is a lunar calendar??? The lunar calendar is obviously a lunisolar calendar, okay? Don't even have this basic common sense? Just this level?
As for saying that missionaries brought the lunar calendar, this is even more nonsense, but others do not care, there is a sense of observation that rushes up and refers to the deer for the horse to create the established facts.
The Little British Museum goes into battle
FIFA23 also jumped out and was found by netizens to poke and poke disgustingly
Disney also came out and deliberately referred to Chinese New Year (CNY, Chinese Spring Festival) as Lunar New Year Festival.
The Citi embassy also does not say Chinese Spring Festival, deliberately says "Lunar Spring Festival", English is also Lunar New Year, no Chinese, no Chinese.
In the Year of the Tiger in 2022, they also deliberately played double standards, using Lunar New Year in English, but calling it "Korean Spring Festival".
As for the trolls who are shouting about this on the Internet, it is one after another, not less at all. After all, the masters have all expressed their positions one by one, how can there be fewer people who earn food?
Let's take a look at how the shameless lie that "Western missionaries brought the lunar calendar to China" was born.
In recent years, there has been a "plausible and plausible" saying circulating on the Internet: the current "lunar calendar" was compiled by John Tang, a German missionary who came to China during the Ming and Qing dynasties.
In order to prove his opinion, he also moved out CCTV10's Discovery Program to endorse.
In 2009, someone in Baidu Tieba "Ming Dynasty Bar" initiated a discussion: Was the current lunar calendar in China really invented by the German missionary John Tang?
The promoter wrote:
"I have always been amazed by the current lunar calendar on the mainland, and I think it is very accurate. I used to think that this was a summary of the experience of thousands of simple working people in the process of labor and farming on the operation of the earth and climate change, but it was not until I watched the exploration and discovery of CCTV10 just now that I knew that the current lunar calendar was revised by a German missionary named John Tang. ”
On April 27, 2014, a blog post entitled "John Tang and the Chinese Lunar Calendar" appeared, with the subtitle "The Chinese Lunar Calendar Was Compiled by John Tang – Things You Must Not Know".
Strangely, the first sentence of the article seems familiar:
"I have always been amazed by the current lunar calendar on the mainland, and I think it is very accurate. I used to think that this was the summary of the experience of thousands of years of simple working people in the process of labor and farming on the operation of the earth and climate change, but it was not until last night that I watched the exploration and discovery of CCTV10 that I knew that the current lunar calendar was compiled by a German missionary named John Tang. ”
Subsequently, the Western missionary John Tang invented the lunar calendar and became more and more popular.
It can be seen from tracing the source that the article in 2009, which was first published with no repercussions, and then reissued in 2014, quoted a film broadcast by CCTV's ten sets of "Exploration and Discovery" channels, called "He walked with the empire - Father John Tang".
The film is full of mistakes, and at the end of the commentary, this is typed:
In 1679, the Constitutional Calendar of Times compiled by John Tang was reintroduced and is still in use today. This is the lunar calendar that is closely related to the life of every Chinese. ”
It should be said that this is the source of the above statement that "Western missionaries compiled the lunar calendar, created the lunar calendar, and invented the lunar calendar".
So, is this statement correct or wrong?
It is obviously wrong, and it is so wrong that even basic common sense is ignored, and even the basic face is not wanted.
Below, the author lists basic facts and evidence to refute this shameless lie that deliberately confuses the public.
1. European Observatory
John Tang arrived in Macau in 1620 (the 48th year of the Wanli Ming Dynasty) and lived in China for 47 years.
The first Paris Observatory in Europe was built in 1667 and completed in 1671, and its first director was the famous French astronomer Cassini.
The foundation stone of the British Greenwich Observatory was laid on August 10, 1675 in the Royal Greenwich Garden on the banks of the River Thames in London, and construction began several years later, and it was only after the astronomical observation equipment was in place and it was used.
In other words, when John Tang came to China, Europe did not even have a shadow of an observatory. Before the establishment of the above two observatories, Westerners did not have a systematic written word, no generation of astronomical observation data, even no observatory and related facilities, and even the habit of looking up at the sky. Dare to ask, where did John Tang's reserve knowledge of compiling the calendar come from? Falling from the sky?
2. John Tang didn't have much real talent
Zhu Zaiyu is also highly accomplished in astronomy. He wrote to the emperor, presented two books, "Shengshou Perpetual Calendar" and "Fusion of the Legal Calendar", and proposed to change the "Great Unification Calendar", which was often wrong, and was agreed by the emperor.
Xing Yunlu was a famous astronomer in the late Ming Dynasty, who participated in two calendar reformation campaigns (1595 and 1610). Zhu Zaiyu wrote the preface to his book, saying that he and Xing "talked about ancient and modern events in the face of the day, and they forgot it in the middle of the night", Xing "picked up the critical points of history and asked questions", Zhu "walked under the lamp to answer", and the two "walked hand in hand in the atrium and looked up at the occult image." ”
The German missionary John Tang did not have much real talent, and his place of service was an astrology, not an observatory or a celestial observatory as he boasted. This missionary was extremely shameless, and after the fall of the Ming Dynasty, he stole the achievements of Xing Yunlu and Zhu Zaiyu at that time, as well as the "Chongzhen Almanac" that he participated in compiling and dedicated it to the Manchu rulers, thus gaining favor and being qualified to enter and exit the forbidden center at will, and was even called "grandfather" by Xiaozhuang.
Li Liang pointed out in his article "Forgotten Food Delivery: Missionaries' Selective Deletion of Food Delivery Records in Chongzhen Reform Period": For more than 100 years, missionaries Nan Huairen, Tang Ruowang and others have manipulated astronomical data and deceived the court with Huaxia Qin Tianjian, and their behavior is very despicable.
Nan Huairen's self-description (see "Missionaries Steal Chinese Civilization and Turn World History Upside Down") accidentally exposed his true face:
"Even the tables and calculations of Europe's most famous astronomers often show great discrepancies between the actual observed phenomena...
It is precisely because of God's extraordinary favor that in so many years of comparing our astronomy and calculations with the movements of celestial bodies Chinese, not even the slightest difference has been found...
This is because God's mercy masks any possible error; Through the carelessness of the observer, the clouds, or some kind of similar arrogance of the heavens, for it wants to make everything go in a direction favorable to our religion. ”
Funny is that John Tang wrote a lot in the Ming Dynasty, and participated in the compilation and translation of works such as "Yuanjing Theory", "Main System Group Sign", "Kun Yu Gezhi", "Armillary Sphere Theory" five volumes, "Western Survey Calendar" one volume, "Folk Calendar Supplement Annotations" one volume, "Great Survey" two volumes, "Star Map" eight volumes, "Stellar Table" five volumes, "Food Measurement Calendar" seven volumes, "Food Measurement Theory" two volumes, "Heaven Surveying Covenant Theory" two volumes, "New French Calendar Introduction" volume 1, "Calendar Western Biography", "Main System Group Signs" two volumes, "Ancient and Modern Food Examination" one volume, " The volume of "Stellar Infestation", "Food Table", etc., in fact, all of them involve the astronomical calendar, which are basically all contained in the "Chongzhen Almanac" or related to the "Chongzhen Almanac".
However, under the Manchu Qing dynasty, from 1644 to 1663, John Tang did not write a single book, and there was no creative writing.
In 1629, when China Faced Western Science, Yuling wrote:
Tang Ruowang preserved the engraving of the Chongzhen Almanac published at the end of the Ming Dynasty and dedicated it to the Qing government. At that time, the Qing government was eager for a new calendar to confirm its destiny of heaven, and Tang Ruowang deleted and revised the Chongzhen Almanac, and Shunzhi personally inscribed it as the "Western New Law Almanac", and the Chongzhen Almanac was finally promulgated in another form.
However, Tang Ruowang was eventually imprisoned for this calendar, almost punished (saved by Xiaozhuang, the new emperor ascended the throne, and his good days came to an end), and soon died of illness, the so-called "Li Prison". ”
Tang Ruowang also asked for the purchase of the Hijri calendar (the basis of the Hijri calendar is the time calendar), and took this as an opportunity to delete and revise the "Chongzhen Almanac", which was inscribed by Shunzhi himself as "Western New Law Almanac", but his level was so poor that he buried a thunder for himself and did not know it, and it was later found that the revised calendar was "very inconsistent", and in the matter involving the burial date of Prince Rong, he did not use the five elements of the positive and the five elements of Hong Fan, so he touched the royal scale, made a big mistake, and implicated a number of officials and their relatives to be beheaded.
There are verdicts to prove this:
"Heaven bless the emperor has no boundaries, and Tang Ruowang stopped at the two-hundred-year calendar, which is a big disagreement, and he chose the funeral period of Prince Rong, Tang Ruowang and others did not use the positive five elements, but used the five elements of Hong Fan, and the mountain direction and the year and month were all forbidden to kill. The crime was serious, and it was proposed that Qin Tianjian Zhengtang Ruowang and Keliao Ke, Du Zhengqian, Wupin Jia Pot, Yang Hongliang, Li Ke Li Zubai, Chunguan Zheng Song Kecheng, Qiuguan Zheng Song Fa, Dongguan Zheng Zhu Chongxian, Shen Guan Zheng Liu Youtai, etc. were all executed with delay. The late Liu Youqingzi, Liu Biyuan, Jia Qizi, Jia Wenyu, Song Kechengzi, Song Zhe, Li Zubaizi, Li Shi, Tang Ruowang Yizi, Pan Jinxiao, etc., all beheaded, set up tips! ”
K. Panija, a prominent Indian scholar. M. Panikkar (1895-1963) criticized:
“...... The influence of the Jesuits in China has been greatly exaggerated, and their 'scientific contribution' is inaccurate. We should remember that John the Jesuit was appointed to the job at the 'astrological platform', but it was called 'astronomy'; In the strict sense of the word, this is not science. ...... John Tong (report) is dishonest and unethical. ”
3. The true origin of the "lunar calendar": The current lunar calendar comes from the Purple Mountain Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and has no half-dime relationship with missionaries such as John Tang.
According to Shi Yunli, a professor at the Department of History and Archaeology of Science and Technology at the University of Science and Technology of China, he originally thought that "Western missionaries invented the lunar calendar" as a dismissive issue, but he was shocked that he actually heard similar statements in a keynote speech at an international conference, and that none of the one or two hundred participants present at the scene stood up to testify.
For this reason, Professor Shi Yunli had to temporarily digress and make a rebuttal and explanation in his report.
Professor Shi Yunli made it clear:
The "lunar calendar" mainly refers to the civil calendar prepared and issued in accordance with the traditional format. In addition to the core date information such as year, month, day and (24) solar terms, it also contains additional content such as "daily taboos" listed on a daily basis for use on selected days.
This needless to say, in the popular language that our people can understand, is the old yellow calendar. Yo, missionaries also understand the old yellow calendar?
According to Chinese tradition, before the New Year every year, a large number of old yellow calendars will be listed throughout the country, but there are some different genres in the north and south. The northern part is called the yellow calendar, the format of joyful and joyful, while Lingnan generally uses the genre inherited from Hong Kong, which is red and green paper (there are also multi-colored, but it is generally considered to be a new school, not very authentic), usually used to choose the day, buffalo to indicate drought and flood, and so on. After Hong Kong's Yellow Calendar was sold to Taiwan Province, the local government gave the Yellow Calendar a new name, namely "Tongshu" (pronounced "Tongsheng Calendar").
Its style is as follows:
There is another form of the old yellow calendar, known as the fortune of the year, for example, "2023 year", "year fortune" and so on. In order to show reliability and marketing convenience, the title of "Hong Kong Famous Artist" is often preceded by the name. There are also many contents attached to this yellow calendar, including prescriptions, maintenance of utensils, breeding, witchcraft, martial arts, divination (yarrow, copper coins, holy grails), sixty jiazi zodiac charts, eight characters and five pillars, numerology renaming, purple micro bucket numbers, bone weighing, etc.
Western missionary John Tang and others understand feng shui, understand eight characters and five pillars, numerology name change, purple micro bucket number, understand medicine, understand utensils maintenance?
If you really understand public opinion feng shui, will you still make a mistake in choosing the imperial tomb, kill yourself abruptly, and even behead a large group of people?
According to Professor Shi Yunli, during the imperial dynasty, such almanacs generally had a special name. For example, in the Qing Dynasty, this kind of almanac was originally called "The Constitutional Calendar of a Certain Year". Starting from the Qianlong Dynasty, in order to avoid the emperor's name (Hongli), it was renamed "A Certain Year Shi Xianshu".
Until the Republican period, this kind of civil almanac was still printed every year, but the printing and distribution had long broken through the restrictions of the government's monopoly, and in order to meet the needs of the market, the form and name of the almanac had become diverse and diverse, and there was a difference between the north and the south. However, these almanacs will still follow some of the customs of naming Qing dynasty almanacs, for example, they are called "The Constitution of the Republic of China" and "The General Book of the Lunar Calendar of a Certain Year of the Republic of China".
Folklore calls the lunar calendar the "lunar calendar", which is actually a widely spread fallacy.
The lunar calendar is characterized by taking into account only the periodic changes in the phases of the moon, and does not consider the length of the year of return. The month is independent of the season, there is no leap month, and the new year can appear at any time of the four seasons. For example, the Islamic calendar is a lunar calendar.
The modern common "lunar calendar" is the lunisolar calendar, in which the months are arranged according to the moon's circular absence cycle (synodic month), which belongs to the lunar calendar, but the year is arranged according to the return year cycle of the sun's movement, and the twenty-four solar terms directly reflect the return year cycle.
The current lunar calendar version is calculated by the Purple Mountain Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the calculation of solar terms and synodic time is based on the 120 degrees east longitude standard time (Beijing time), and the implementation standard is the national standard of the People's Republic of China GB/T33661-2017 "Compilation and promulgation of the lunar calendar", so it can also be called the "standard lunar calendar".
The length of the calendar month of the lunar calendar is based on the synodic month, with the major month being thirty days and the minor month twenty-nine days, and the large and minor months making up for each other, so that the average length of the calendar month corresponds to the synodic month.
Since the Tang Dynasty, the lunar calendar has completely used celestial phenomena to determine the calendar year and month, so that the average calendar year of the lunar calendar is completely consistent with the year of return.
In ancient times, the leap month was placed at the end of the year, called "October March". During the Qin and Han dynasties, the leap month was placed after September, called "later September". In the first year of the early Han Dynasty, Emperor Wudi of Han placed the leap month in a month that did not contain Zhongqi as the leap month of the previous month, and this rule is still used in China to this day.
4. The true history of North Korea: using the Chinese calendar, following the Chinese customs, but there will be some differences
The name "Joseon" can be roughly divided into three stages in history, namely: Miko Joseon, Weiman Joseon, and Yi's Joseon.
Miko is the uncle of King Shang, and his virtuous character is on a par with Bigan, Weizi. King Wu of Zhou made his son the Marquis of Joseon, and the fiefdom was roughly located in the present-day Korean Peninsula and the eastern Liao subregion of China.
《诗传旁通》：“箕子朝鲜之域，与辽阳壤地相接，然此亦槩言之，地形如犬牙相入，故不截然整齐也。 ”
"History of Goryeo": "Shang sealed the jizi in Korea, for the post-Joseon." When the forty-first generation Sun was arrested, there were Yan people Wei Man who desperately gathered more than 1,000 people from the party to seize the capital of Wang Qicheng, (Pyongyang) was for Wei Manchu Korea.
According to one of the volumes of the Records of the Zhou Shu Zhou:
"North Korea, Zhou Fengjizi is here, and the same three are not subordinates. "Joseon" Yun Jie, with its presence in the east, takes the clear righteousness of the Asahi and Japan. Qin belongs to Liaodong. In the early Han Dynasty, Yan Renwei was full of territory; Wudi Pingzhi, set Zhenbo, Lintun, Lelang, and Xuanjiao four counties; At the end of the Han Dynasty, Gongsun Dukai served in eastern Liaoning and had land, which was destroyed by Wei.
During the Jin Yongjia Rebellion, the Buyeo chieftain Goryan entered his territory, called the King of Goryeo, and lived in Pyongyang City, outside the ranks. Tang Zheng Goryeo, Ba Pyongyang, and set Andong Dufu. Its country moved east, more than a thousand miles away from the Yalu River.
During the fifth Tang dynasty, Wang Jian replaced the Gao clan, established the land and expanded the territory, and established the capital Songdake with Pyongyang as the western capital; Later, his descendants sent tribute to the Song Dynasty, and often paid tribute to Liao and Jin; For more than 400 years, its lord has not changed his surname. From Yuan to Yuanzhong, Xijing is subordinate, with the Dongning Road General Administration Mansion and Ciling as the boundary. ”
Jizi Korea reigned for more than 900 years, but was later stolen by Wei Man, a Yan native who fled in the early Western Han Dynasty. After Wei Man arrived in Korea, he accumulated power, expelled the monarch Ji Zhun, and established himself as the monarch, and later Pingzhi, the emperor of Hanwu, and placed it as the four counties of Lelang and Lintun. Tang Zheng Goryeo and Andong Dufu.
Note that after the three scrupulous disobedience of the Joseon Dynasty, he took the meaning of "clear Asahi in the east,—— and later, Xiao Rizi stole this idea, and copied the Daming flag (with a red sun flag on a white background), and together with Bangladesh and Palau, each made its own national flag.
In the second year of Ming Hongwu, the first month, the lord of the state, Wang Chen, congratulated him on his accession to the throne, sent an envoy to pay tribute, and Emperor Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang gave him a gold seal and a "Great Unified Calendar", still naming him the king of Goryeo.
According to the Joseon Fu:
"In the twenty-fifth year of the Hongmu dynasty, the king of Goryeo Wang Yao fell into a coma and killed many times, losing the hearts of the people, and the countrymen pushed the attendant Li Sungguiquan to know the state affairs. Zhao Fat, the direct commander of his country's secret secret, was sent to ask for orders. Later Chenggui changed his name to Dan, and was invited on the Yi Guo. It is said that "Dongyi no is only the most beautiful and long-lasting 'Korea'", and changed the name to North Korea. With a vested fate, he moved the capital to present-day Seoul Prefecture to stay in the capital. ”
In the last years of Goryeo, the then king of Goryeo, Wang Yao, fell into a coma and killed many times, lost the hearts of the people, and Li Sung-gui, a disciple who was elected by everyone to know state affairs, took the opportunity to launch a military coup d'état of the "Wafer Island Return Army" to overthrow the Wang clan of Goryeo, and the Ming Dynasty chose the name of the country to be restored as "Joseon", which was for the "Lee Joseon".
When China promulgated the Constitutional Calendar, Yi's Joseon also introduced this calendar.
According to the Joseon Dynasty record "Records of King Hyojong":
"Lu You/Visualization Superintendent Qi: 'After the constitutional calendar comes out, the new calendar of the mainland is used to standardize, and the solar terms and moments in Beijing coincide with the single calendar of the time constitution, one by one, and the single calendar of the mainland, and the constitutional calendar of the times, the provinces look horizontally, and the solar terms and times of North Korea are also compatible, although there are some few changes, but they are not bad. Since the first noon, according to the new law, it is estimated that the printing behavior should be. And the calendar has passed the festival of constitutional reform, and for three hundred years, those who have not created a calendar, because they have followed it so far, it is time to change the calendar. It was very difficult to teach the mainland, and the Japanese official Jin Shangfan also came from Beijing and made calculations, but fortunately he not only had a clear understanding of the art and work, but also had the merit of dedication. At that time, his colleague translator Li Dian also had a lot of labor, and it seemed that there should be a canon of reward. 'Fortune is given by Lee Fan. ”
It can be seen that North Korea has no people who have made calendars at all, and has always used the Chinese calendar, as is the case with the grand unified calendar, as well as the constitutional calendar. Therefore, the so-called Lunar New Year in South Korea is naturally the Chinese Lunar New Year.
North Korea is deeply influenced by China, and will eat dumplings, rice cakes, and spring couplings during the New Year. However, the spring couplings of the Korean Peninsula are the same as the customs of the Manchus, which are all white.
"Joseon Fu" Yun: "The mainlanders have more Confucian masters than China, so the Tang family is considered the country of gentlemen, and the Song Dynasty is regarded as the country of cultural relics and pleasure, and the envoys of the country are called "The Museum of Little China." ' ”
At that time, North Korea was complacent about this and called itself Little China.
5. The Chinese nation is the only Heavenly Dao nation in the world, and the astronomical calendar has been passed down from generation to generation and has never been severed
Since the Spring and Autumn Period, China has adopted the decimal system.
The ten-day stem is the prototype of the decimal system, which is the number of days, and the twelve earth branches are the number of places.
Time is divided into twelve hours, why is it called hours? An hour is too long and divided into half, so it is called an hour. Twelve hours divided in half, there are 24 hours.
Hourly shào (15 minutes, one moment), half (30 minutes, half an hour), and tai (45 minutes, three moments) are divided into four parts, each with its own strength and weakness, for a total of twelve parts. Less is a moment, 15 points, then "less weak" is less than a quarter of an hour, defined as 10 points, "less strong" is 5 points more than a moment, is 20 points. And so on, the twelve numbers of an hour are born.
Mathematics comes from Chinese Xiawen observations, and China's Tiangan Dizhi is the ancestor of modern mathematics.
If there is no heavenly stem, there is no decimal;
Without the earth, there would be no hours, no calendar, and the human world would be chaotic.
The lunar calendar is a lunisolar calendar, as early as Yin Shang has already set the two solstices (spring equinox, summer solstice, autumn equinox, winter solstice) into the calendar, and the Spring and Autumn Warring States to the pre-Qin era has been perfected to eight solar terms, adding four li, that is, the beginning of spring, spring equinox, summer solstice, autumn equinox, winter solstice, autumn equinox, winter solstice has been clearly incorporated into the Chinese calendar.
The earliest surviving almanac in China is the Xia Xiaozheng, and since then the calendar has continued to develop, and by the time of the Han Wudi Dynasty, when the "Taichu Calendar" was formulated, there were already quite perfect calendar rules.
Emperor Wudi of Han instructed Deng Ping, Tang Du, Luo Xiahong and others to discuss the creation of the "Han Calendar", and the seven-year calendar of Emperor Wudi of Han was completed. In May of that year, the name of the year was changed to Taichu (that is, the first year of the Taichu), and this set of "Taichu Calendar" was promulgated and implemented. The salient feature of this calendar is the establishment of the use of Xia Zheng Jianyin, the establishment of the law of using neutral qi and leap, since then the calendar versions promulgated by the Chinese dynasties are all algorithm revisions on this basis, and the rules have changed very little, only from flat qi to fixed qi and fixed shuo, in order to be more in line with the operation of celestial bodies and improve accuracy.
Starting from the "Taichu Calendar" of the Western Han Dynasty, the 24 solar terms of the lunar calendar were officially and completely written into the lunar calendar, which were divided into twelve festivals and twelve middle qi, becoming an inseparable part of the lunar calendar.
In the beginning, the lunar calendar used the reign of the emperor and the year of the stars. From the first year of the founding of Emperor Wudi of Han, the imperial year was used; From the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Ganzhi era was used together with the imperial chronology.
During the Xinhai Rebellion, the Yellow Emperor became the last lunar year recognized by official documents.
The third year of Qing Xuan's reign (1911) was the year of the Yellow Emperor (4609) year Xinhai.
Traditional Chinese festivals are calculated using the lunar calendar. The Lunar New Year on the first day of the first lunar month has a traditional name, called New Year's Day, and the third year of the Republic of China (1914) was renamed "Spring Festival", but the folk habit called it New Year and New Year. But even so, the Spring Festival did not fall from the sky, but was ancient. The Republic of China simply reverted to another name.
The Chinese calendar has never been broken, and is listed as follows:
Ancient Six Calendar: The "Yellow Emperor Calendar" is also known as the "Tuning Calendar", "Summer Calendar", "Yin Calendar", "Zhou Calendar", and "Lu Calendar" (2698 BC ~ 221 BC) quartiles, that is, the determination of the year is actually 365 and a quarter day (365.25 days), 2652 years ahead of Taisi (West). At that time, the spring equinox, summer solstice, autumn equinox, and winter solstice were well observed and determined. History is called the timing of observation.
"Temporal Calendar": The Qin Dynasty and the Western Han Dynasty (221 BC ~ 104 BC) when the twenty-four solar terms had already appeared, and those who were included in the calendar included Lichun, Spring Equinox, Lixia, Summer Solstice, Liqiu, Autumn, Lidong, and Winter Solstice.
"Taichu Calendar" (Three Unification Calendar): The Western Han Dynasty, the New Dynasty, and the Eastern Han Dynasty (104 BC ~ 84 Yuan Dynasty) pioneered the law of no neutral qi and leap without neutral qi, and the twenty-four solar terms were officially divided into twelve knots and twelve middle qi, which were included in the calendar.
"Quaternary Calendar": Eastern Han Dynasty (85~220 A.D.), Cao Wei (220~236), Eastern Wu (222), Shu Han (221~263).
"Qianxiang Calendar": Eastern Wu (223~280).
Jing Chu Calendar: Cao Wei, Western Jin Dynasty, Eastern Jin Dynasty, Liu Song (237~444), Northern Wei (398~451)
"Yuan Jiali": Liu Song, Southern Qi, and Southern Liang (445~509) discovered the Dingshuo algorithm.
"Ming Calendar": Southern Liang and Southern Chen (510~589) abolished the nineteenth year and seven leaps.
Three Chronicles: Later Qin (384~517)
Xuan Shi Calendar: Northern Liang (412~439), Northern Wei (452~522)
Zhengguang Calendar: Northern Wei (523~534), Eastern Wei (535~539), Western Wei (535~556), Northern Zhou (556~565)
Xinghe Calendar: Eastern Wei Dynasty (540~550)
Tianbao Calendar: Northern Qi (551~577)
"Tianhe Calendar": Northern Zhou (566~578)
Elephant Calendar: Northern Zhou (579~581), Sui Dynasty (581~583)
"Kai Huang Calendar": Sui (584~596)
"Great Business Calendar": Sui (597~618)
"Huangji Calendar": The author Liu Zhuo was not promulgated, but he was the first to advocate the Imperial Calendar. The so-called fixed qi annotation calendar of Western missionaries at the end of the Ming Dynasty was proposed by the ancient Chinese as early as the Sui Dynasty.
"Pengyin Yuan Calendar": The Tang Dynasty (619~664) officially established the Shuo annotated calendar.
"Lin De Calendar": Tang (665~728) officially abolished the leap week. Change to fixed winter solstice, no neutral gas to set leap.
"Great Yan Calendar": Tang (729~761) eclipsed the sun and moon, and the accuracy of the five-star movement has been greatly improved.
"Five Chronicles": Tang (762~783)
"Zhengyuan Calendar": Tang (784~806)
"Calendar of Images": Tang (807~821)
Xuanming Calendar: Tang (822~892)
Chongxuan Calendar: Tang (893~907), Later Liang, Later Tang, Later Jin, Later Han, Later Zhou (908 ~955)
"Yuan Calendar": Later Jin Dynasty (939~943), Liao Dynasty (961~993)
"Ming Calendar": Liao (994~1125)
Qin Tian Calendar: Later Zhou (956~960), Northern Song Dynasty (960~963)
"Ying Tian Calendar": Northern Song Dynasty (963~981)
"Qian Yuan Calendar": Northern Song Dynasty (981~1001)
"Yitian Calendar": Northern Song Dynasty (1001~1023)
Chongtian Calendar: Northern Song Dynasty (1024~1065; 1068~1075)
"Tomorrow Calendar": Northern Song Dynasty (1065~1068)
"Fengyuan Calendar": In the Northern Song Dynasty (1075~1093), Shen Kuo was in charge of Si Tiantai, visited the blind Wei Pu system, and the qishuo was handed over to the five-star shuo, and Shen Shi pushed Yan Li official to be hereditary, reproached Wei Pu for the school test, and the emperor ordered Wei to repair it and give money to return to his hometown. Shen's resignation Si Tian. This incident had an indelible impact on Shen Kuo for a lifetime, causing him to be unable to let go, and in his later years, he vainly talked about the "Twelve Qi Calendar" and vainly proposed to abolish the Taoist system of the Chinese calendar for thousands of years.
"Heavenly Calendar": Northern Song Dynasty (1094~1102).
"Zhan Tian Calendar": Northern Song Dynasty (1103~1105).
"Epoch Calendar": Northern Song Dynasty, Southern Song Dynasty (1106~1135).
"Unification Yuan Calendar": Southern Song Dynasty (1136~1167).
"Qiandao Calendar": Southern Song Dynasty (1168~1176).
"Chunxi Calendar": Southern Song Dynasty (1177~1190).
"Huiyuan Calendar": Southern Song Dynasty (1191~1198).
"Unification Calendar": The Southern Song Dynasty (1199~1207) measured the age as 365.2425 days, even if calculated according to Western pseudo-history, it is 329 years ahead.
"Kaixi Calendar": Southern Song Dynasty (1208~1251).
Chunyou Calendar: Southern Song Dynasty (1252).
"Hui Tian Calendar": Southern Song Dynasty (1253~1270).
"Chengtian Calendar": Southern Song Dynasty (1271~1276).
"Ming Calendar": Jin Dynasty (1137~1181).
"Rebuilding the Great Ming Calendar": Jin, Yuan (1182~1280).
"Calendar of Hours": Yuan (1281~1367) according to the "Calendar of Hours".
"Great Unification Calendar": Daming (1368 ~ 1644), Southern Ming (1644 ~ 1683), Qing (1667 ~ 1670) in accordance with the "Great Unification Calendar".
"Shixian Calendar": Qing (1645~1666; 1671~1725) based on the "Western New Law Almanac" (that is, the "Chongzhen Almanac" that was deleted by John Tang).
The Chinese calendar is also accurate because there have been two large-scale tests of the Four Seas in Chinese history, one led by Zhang Sui (Yixing) of the Tang Dynasty and the other led by Guo Shoujing of the Yuan Dynasty. On the other hand, Westerners may not have figured out what the "Four Seas Test" is and why they should engage in the "Four Seas Test".
If the Spring Festival is someone else's custom, then dare to ask, what is the Spring Festival that the ancient Chinese people have lived for thousands of years?
If it is said that Western missionaries who work tirelessly and travel far and wide to be good people and send the "lunar calendar" to the Chinese people, then dare to ask what is the lunar calendar of the Northern Song Dynasty? The twenty-four solar terms of the lunar calendar, is there in the West???
[Northern Song Dynasty] Chao Zhuzhi wrote "The Collection of Jibei Chao Husbands" (Four Series Jingming Editions) Volume 63 "Volume 63" Youyun: "... He also wrote the 120th volume of the lunar calendar, saying that the cultivation, weaving, and pasture and all the cultivation of cattle to maintain health and prepare for famine were more intensive than those of the Qi people. ”
All of them are glamorous, and the uneasy and kind heart of the New Year can be blamed.
Please keep in mind that the lunar calendar has 24 solar terms, while the West does not have 24 solar terms, which is the best to remember and the easiest to see the other party's tricks!
Finally, congratulations to all:
Words and twilight, fireworks every year; Jing Xing Qingyun, look up and see joy;
The years are safe, and the joy is forever; Smooth and Antai, all get what you want.
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