The ancient Chinese divided the annual trajectory of the sun into 24 equal parts, each of which was a "solar term", collectively known as the "twenty-four solar terms". Specifically, it includes: Lichun, Rain, Sting, Spring Equinox, Qingming, Guyu, Lixia, Xiaoman, Mangchang, Summer Solstice, Xiaoxia, Daxiao, Liqiu, Summer, White Dew, Autumn Equinox, Cold Dew, Frostfall, Lidong, Light Snow, Heavy Snow, Winter Solstice, Small Cold, Big Cold. In the international meteorological community, this time cognition system is known as "China's fifth great invention".
Twenty-four solar terms
It can be said that the "24 solar terms" is the most basic knowledge of traditional Chinese agricultural society, which is the first knowledge that every Chinese farmer will remember when he begins to learn farming, and it is an important part of Chinese farming culture. The essence of farming culture is to follow the changes of the seasons to engage in production activities and obtain production resources, such as spring planting and autumn harvest. Therefore, being able to predict changes in climate warmth and cold can ensure the best use of changes in time.
Twenty-four solar terms time law table
The 24 solar terms can reflect seasonal changes to guide agricultural activities, affecting the clothing, food, housing and transportation of thousands of households.
Spring rain shocks spring and clear valley days, summer is full of summer and summer is connected.
In autumn, the dew and autumn frost fall, and the winter snow and snow are small and cold in winter.
From February 3 to 5, the east wind thawed, the insects began to vibrate, and the fish were on the ice.
Rain: February 18-20, otter sacrifice fish, wild geese, grass and trees sprout.
From March 5th to 7th, Tao Shihua, Canggengming, and Eagle turned into doves.
Equinox March 20-21 Genko Solstice, Renai sounded, and started electricity
Qingming April 4-6 Tong Shihua, rat turned into a duck, rainbow first see.
From April 19 to 21, Ping was born, the song dove flicked its feathers, and the hoopoe descended on the mulberry.
From May 5th to 7th, the grasshoppers chirp, the earthworms come out, and the king melon is born
Xiao Man's May 20-22 bitter vegetable show, grass death, and small summer solstice
From June 5th to 7th, the mantis is born, the birds are chirping, and the tongue is silent.
Summer solstice June 21—-22 Kazujian solution, 蜩始鸣, half summer life
From July 6th to 8th, the warm wind will arrive, the crickets will live, and the eagle will study
From July 22 to 24, the rotting grass turns into fireflies, the soil is moist, and the rain is heavy
From August 7th to 9th, the cool breeze arrives, the white dew falls, and the chilling cicadas sing
From August 22 to 24, the eagle is the sacrifice of birds, the beginning of heaven and earth, and the Ho Naiden
From September 7th to 9th, Bailu will come, Xuan birds return, and flocks of birds will raise shame.
Autumnal equinoxSeptember 22-24, thunder begins to close, stinging insects cultivate, and water begins to dry.
Cold dew October 8-9, Hong Yan guests, finches attack the water for clams, chrysanthemum has yellow flowers
Frost falls on October 23-24, jackals are sacrificial beasts, grass and trees fall, and stinging insects are salty.
From November 7 to 8, the water begins to freeze, the ground begins to freeze, and the pheasants enter the water as mirages.
Light snow, light snow in November, November 22-23, the rainbow is missing, the weather is up, and it is closed into winter
Heavy snowfall: December 6-8, snowfall increased, and the ground may be covered with snow.
Winter solstice: December 21-23 (Miao New Year), earthworm knots, elk horn solution, water spring movement
Xiaohan January 5-7 geese northbound, magpie nest, pheasant first moon.
From January 20th to 21st, the chicken began to milk, the birds were sick, and the water was strong.
"Kangxi Emperor's Southern Tour Scroll, Farming Scenes"
As a concrete manifestation of China's ancient agricultural civilization, the "twenty-four solar terms" has long lost its original function and role in today's rapid modernization and has become a note on the date.
However, the success of the "24 solar terms" application has once again awakened this forgotten traditional culture.
The success of the "24 solar terms" application has once again awakened this traditional culture that has been forgotten day by day
1. What are the 24 solar terms
As a supplementary calendar established in ancient China, the 24 solar terms occupy an extremely important position in the traditional farming culture of the mainland, and are the product of long-term observation and research on astronomy and meteorology by the ancient working people of the mainland, and contain the long-term cultural connotation and historical accumulation of the Chinese nation.
The 24 solar terms not only express the phenological changes of cold and summer, but also reflect the temperature and rainfall, through which the ancients can intuitively and clearly understand the change law of seasonal climate in the year, so as to master the agricultural time and arrange agricultural activities reasonably. It not only plays a guiding role in agricultural production, but also affects the clothing, food, housing and even cultural concepts of the ancients.
The 24 solar terms began in ancient times and originated in the Yellow River Valley. In the "Shangshu Yaodian", the concept of "day in the middle, day forever, night in the evening, and short in the day" was proposed, that is, what we now call the spring equinox, summer solstice, autumn equinox, and winter solstice. With the development of agricultural production and astronomical observation, at the end of the Warring States period, the four solar terms of Lichun, Lixia, Liqiu and Lidong were introduced in the "Lü's Spring and Autumn".
Thus, the traditional four hours and eight verses have been initially established.
Twenty-four solar terms
By the Han Dynasty, the twenty-four solar terms were gradually perfected, and there were many mentions in the history books, such as: "Huainanzi Tianwen Xun" has a more detailed account of the twenty-four solar terms: "The fifteenth day is a section, and the twenty-four hours of life change." Bucket fingers, then winter solstice, sound than yellow bells. Add fifteen days of finger decoction, and then a little cold... The Great Chill... Spring...... Rainwater...... Sting... Equinox...... Clear and bright...... Gu Yu... Lixia... Xiao Man... Mangsang... Summer solstice...... Little summer... The heat of the heat... Autumn...... Dealing with the heat... Lu...... Autumnal equinox...... Cold dew... Frost...... Lidong... Light snow...... Heavy snow...... Winter solstice. ”
The content is completely consistent with the 24 solar terms known today.
"Shiji Tai Shi Gong Self Order" Yun: "The four times, eight places, twelve degrees, and twenty-four verses of yin and yang, each has its own fatwa, those who follow it prosper, and those who oppose it will die if they do not die." It is not inevitable, so it is said to 'make people afraid and fearful'. In the "Taichu Calendar" written by Deng Pingren of the Western Han Dynasty, the twenty-four solar terms were officially compiled into the calendar, and the astronomical position of the twenty-four solar terms was clarified.
In the ancient calendar, there are two solar terms in the month, which the head of the month calls "solar terms", including Lichun, Shocking, Qingming, Lixia, Mangchang, Xiaoxiao, Liqiu, Bailu, Handew, Lidong, Heavy Snow, and Xiaohan;
Those in the middle of the month call it "medium qi", including rain, spring equinox, valley rain, small man, summer solstice, great summer, summer heat, autumn equinox, frost, light snow, winter solstice, and great cold.
Among the 24 solar terms, "solar terms" and "medium qi" each account for half, and the two run alternately and repeat, but today people are no longer subdivided and call them solar terms.
The time of each solar term in the lunar calendar is also relatively fixed, and the last four sentences of the "solar term song" reflect this characteristic. "Six twenty-one in the first half of the year, eight twenty-three in the second half of the year. The dates of the two festivals per month are fixed, with a maximum difference of one or two days. ”
That is, the first half of the year is mostly concentrated around the 6th and 21st, while the second half of the year is mostly concentrated around the 8th and 23rd, at most the difference is one or two days.
Twenty-four solar terms
Second, the meaning of the twenty-four solar terms
Lichun: It means that the harsh winter has passed, spring has arrived, the temperature has risen, and all things have recovered.
Rain: Due to warmer temperatures, ice and snow, and increased rain, it is named rainwater.
Sting: The original meaning of sting is hiding, and animal hibernation is called "entering the sting". The ancients believed that hibernating insects were awakened by spring thunder, so they were called stings.
Spring equinox: This day is half-past the ninety days of spring, so it is called the "spring equinox". The length of day and night is halved, hot and cold are balanced, and some overwintering crops begin to enter the spring growth stage.
Qingming: It means that the weather is clear and the grass and trees are germinating. At this time, the temperature is getting warmer, the grass and trees are sprouting up, and the earth is rejuvenated, which is also a good season for spring ploughing and spring planting.
Valley rain: Because the rain increases, moisturizes the field and is conducive to the growth of crops, it is said that "rain gives birth to a hundred grains".
Lixia: Marks the beginning of summer and is regarded as the beginning of rising temperatures. At this time, everything grows vigorously and prosperously.
Xiao Man: "Xiao Man, things are so small that they are full." (Wu Cheng's "Seventy-two Collections of the Moon Order") The meaning is that the seeds of summer ripe crops have begun to fill up, but they are not yet ripe, so they are called "Xiaoman".
Mango: Mango, refers to the needle-like substance that grows on the shell of the seeds of some grasses. Mango seeds refer to the fact that wheat and other mango crops are about to ripen and can be harvested and retained, which also indicates that farmers have begun a busy life in the field.
Summer Solstice: It is the day with the longest days and the shortest nights of the year, which also indicates that a hot summer is about to begin.
Xiaoxiao: It belongs to the first volt of the "three volts", and the weather is hot and steaming. Although the temperature is high, it is not the hottest time, so it is called a small summer.
Heavy heat: It is around the "middle volt", and it is also the hottest period of the year in most parts of the mainland, with the highest temperature.
Autumn: It indicates that autumn is about to begin and the weather is gradually getting cooler. However, the heat has not yet dissipated, and there is also the saying of the "autumn tiger" with a hotter temperature.
Dealing with the heat: "Place, stop also." The heat stopped there. ("Seventy-two Interpretations of the Moon Order") means that the summer days are coming to an end, and the weather is transitioning from hot to cool.
White dew: Due to the increase in the temperature difference between day and night, water vapor condenses into white dew on grass and trees, so it is called white dew.
Autumnal equinox: Same as the spring equinox, day and night are almost equal in length, in the middle of the entire autumn.
Cold dew: The cold air gradually strengthens, the rainy season ends, the temperature turns from cool to cold, dew begins to appear, and there will be cold dew condensation in the morning and night.
Frost falls: "In the middle of September, the air is solemn and condensed, and the dew is frost." ("The Seventy-two Collections of the Moon Order") The transition from autumn to winter solar terms began to cause frost.
Lidong: Marks the beginning of winter. The field operation ends and the crops are stored after harvesting.
Light snow: "In the middle of October, the rain is thin by the cold, so it condenses into snow." The small, the unprosperous. The land presents the scene of early winter, but it is not yet the season of heavy snowfall.
Heavy snow: "The big one, Shengya." So far, the snow is in full bloom. At this time, the weather was colder, not only the amount of snowfall increased, but the snowfall was also wider.
Winter Solstice: Contrary to the summer solstice, the days are the shortest, the nights are the longest, and the "count nine" begins. After the winter solstice, the days grow day by day.
Xiaohan: At this time, around the time of "March Nine", most areas began to freeze, but they had not yet reached the extreme point of cold.
Big Chill: It is the coldest time of the year, which marks the intensification of the cold compared to the small cold.
Twenty-four solar terms
3. The twenty-four solar terms in literature
In the face of the twenty-four solar terms that change back and forth throughout the year, the sensitive ancients felt this feeling particularly deeply. They take solar terms as a creative element and integrate them into their poems, making their works vivid and vivid, more full of life atmosphere, and easy to resonate with viewers. Different scenarios, different places, different circumstances combined with different solar terms, expressing the different feelings in the hearts of the literati, loaded with different emotions, or the sorrow of things and people, or the sorrow of pride and ambition, or the joy of recalling old love, or expressing the pain of lovesickness and parting, all the delicate emotions in the personal heart are pinned on the solar term, creating another charm.
From these works, we can not only see the bits and pieces of the ancient solar terms, but also experience the feelings of the ancients about the awareness of solar terms.
4. Twenty-four solar terms and folklore
After thousands of years of development, the ancients gradually formed many unique lifestyles and conventional behavior habits based on a certain solar term, which slowly evolved into folk customs unique to the 24 solar terms, and some even gradually evolved into composite traditional festivals, which all supported the ancients' yearning and love for a better life. However, with the development of social life and the change of ideology and concepts, some solar terms and folk customs have been gradually simplified, or even disappeared, becoming a faint historical imprint.
Nowadays, with the revival of traditional culture, these solar terms folk customs with high social value should also be paid attention to, and some of the traditional customs of solar terms are summarized below.
First, Lichun. As the first of the 24 solar terms, the ancients held spring welcoming activities on this day. According to the "Records of History", on the day of the beginning of spring, Zhou Tianzi personally led the three princes and nine qings and the princes and doctors to the eastern suburbs to welcome the spring and pray for a good harvest. During the Qing Dynasty, states and counties also held grand spring celebrations, of which "whipping spring oxen" was the most popular. According to Fu Cha Dunchong's "Yanjing Dynasty: Fighting Spring": "On the day before the beginning of spring, officials from Shuntianfu went to the spring field one mile outside the Dongzhi Gate to welcome spring.
Spring
On the beginning of spring, the Ministry of Rites presents the throne of Spring Mountain, and the Suncheon House presents the Spring Ox Map. Li Bi returned to the signature, led the spring ox and hit it, and hit the spring. The so-called "spring cow" is a soil cow made of clay.
At noon at the beginning of spring, officials whipped three times, with the intention of encouraging farming and developing production. After breaking the spring cattle, people scrambled for the soil of the spring cattle and brought them home, either in a livestock pen or in the field, all in the hope that the next year the livestock would prosper and the grain harvest would be abundant.
There is also a custom called "biting spring" on the day of the beginning of spring, and the "History of the Ming Palace" states: "Until the beginning of spring the next day, no noble and cheap chew turnips, known as 'biting spring'." Feast each other, eat spring cakes and dishes. Take the ear of Mian, take its cong. "Yanjing Dynasty: Fighting Spring" contains: "It is the rich families who eat more spring cakes, and women and others buy more radishes and eat them, so they bite spring." ”
Spring
Second, Lixia. As the beginning of summer, "Lixia" has been valued by people since ancient times. Many ceremonial customs have been formed around this solar term, and "calling people" is one of them. "Qing Jialu April" contains: "(Lixia) every household weighs the weight of the person with a large scale, and weighs it again in the autumn to test the fertile in summer."
Cai Yun "Wu Xiao" Yun: 'The wind opens the embroidery pavilion and raises the clothes, and it is considered a swing play but not. For the hanging amount to go to the official scale, evaluate the Yan thin and ring fat. Qin Rongguang's poem also includes the saying "Lixia weighs the weight of people, and laughs on the hanging beam", that is, judging health by weight gain or loss, this custom is still common in some areas.
At the beginning of summer, the family also prepares cherries, plums, and wheat to worship the ancestors, called "Lixia See Three Shin" ("Qing Jialu April"). At the same time, when fresh eggs are on the market, children also carry out an interesting folk activity - egg fighting on the day of Lixia. When fighting eggs, the pointed one is the head and the round one is the tail. Egg head to egg head, egg tail to egg tail, the two force each other, and the one who does not break the eggshell wins.
Third, Liqiu. On the beginning of autumn, Zhou Tianzi will go to the western suburbs to hold an autumn ceremony at this time. In the Han Dynasty, field hunts were held to show the intention of autumn to promote martial arts. "Mengli Lu July" recorded: "On the beginning of autumn, the officials of the Taishi Bureau were in the forbidden court, and planted plane trees in His Highness. At that time, the plane leaves flew down one or two pieces in response to the sound to complain of autumn. He also said: "Inside and outside the capital, the streets are full of catalpa leaves, and women, women, and children compete to buy them, cut them like patterns, and put them on their sideburns to suit the chronological order." ”
"Wulin Old Things, Beggars" cloud: "On the autumn day, everyone wears catalpa leaves, drinks autumn water, and red adzuki beans." In addition to wearing chop leaves and drinking bean soup, Liqiu also has the custom of "biting autumn", which seems to be the opposite of "biting spring" in Lichun. "Jinmen Miscellaneous Notes and Customs of the Year" contains: "Eat melons at the beginning of autumn, bite autumn." It can avoid diarrhea. "It reflects the ancient custom of preventing disease in autumn.
Fourth, the winter solstice. According to the "Zhou Li Shenshi", on the day of the winter solstice, the gods and ghosts are invited to descend, and a sacrifice ceremony is held. The emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties held heavenly ceremonies on the winter solstice, which is called the "winter solstice suburban sky".
The people worship their ancestors on this day, which also reflects the cultural tradition of respecting the heavens and ancestors. Because after the winter solstice, the new year is coming, so the grandeur of the winter solstice festival is no less than the new year, so there is a saying that "the winter solstice is as big as the year".
"Tokyo Yumehualu Winter Solstice" contains: "November winter solstice. Jingshi attaches the most importance to this festival, although the poor, within a year, accumulate false loans, so that on this day it is easier to dress new, prepare meals, and enjoy the ancestors. The official release and celebration of the exchange, just like the New Year's Day. Zhongyun in "Qing Jialu": "The county people are the heaviest winter solstice festival." In the first day, relatives and friends gave each other food, carried baskets and boxes, and flooded the roads, commonly known as the 'winter solstice plate'.
On the eve of the festival, it is commonly known as 'Winter Solstice Night'. It's night, and people drink faster, which is called 'saving wine'. A woman who marries and returns to the house will return to her son-in-law's house. There is no size in the home, and food must be enjoyed first, and there are people who hang the remains of their ancestors. ”
In addition, the ancients also divided the eighty-one days after the winter solstice into nine segments, each of which was called "Jiujiu" to distinguish the situation of winter climate change, and also compiled the "Nine-Nine Songs" chanting.
Reflecting the "Nine Nine Songs" is the "Nine Nine Cold Relief Map", a custom that is both a method of counting the day and a fine decoration that is widely spread among the people. There are many forms of cooling charts, mainly divided into three types: text, plum blossoms and circles. "Imperial Scenery and Spring Field" cloud: "On the day and winter solstice, paint a branch of plum, for the petal eighty has one, the day dyes one petal, the petal is exhausted and nine nine out, then the spring is deep, and the nine nine cold map." The "Yanjing Dynasty Jiujiu Cold Elimination Map" contains: "The cold relief map is nine grids and eighty-one circles. Since the winter solstice, the sun is painted in a circle, the upper shade is sunny, the left wind and the right rain, and the snow is in the middle. "This seasonal custom was also popular in the Ming and Qing courts, and every winter solstice was hung in each palace to cool off the cold. It was printed by Si Lijian in the Ming Dynasty, and it was also accompanied by poetry. The nine characters of the imperial book of the Qing Daoguang Emperor "Weeping willows in front of the pavilion cherish the spring breeze", each character and nine paintings, double-hooked by the Hanlin ministers of the Maoqin Hall in advance, the filler fills in a red stroke with danzhu every day, and when all the nine characters are painted red, the harsh winter has gone, and the spring is full of branches, which can be described as ingenious and very ingenious. (Beijing Imperial Temple Management Office, Yu Miao)
Twenty-four solar terms
Solar terms are not only about farming, it is also a special sense of time and space;
clear and bright
The famous writer Yu Shicun said: "Solar terms are not only related to agriculture and health preservation, but also related to our perception of life, nature and the universe of life. The ancients called the five days 'micro', the fifteen days 'wei', the five days more than one 'wait', and the fifteen days a solar term. Seeing the small things, like observing the festival of knowledge, is the life of the ancestors in the world, and it is also the reference for their life and life. ”
In twenty-four dimensions, each dimension places demands on the life in it. Yu Shicun said: "Solar terms are a living existence, not only local, not only related to farming, it is related to the sense of time and space of all people. ”
In the spring of Qingming, the "Hundred Questions of the Age" says: "When all things grow, they are clean and clear. "In Chinese history, the Qingming solar term has a special character, and the Cold Food Festival and the Shangcheng Festival are both around the Qingming Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, Taixue specially took a three-day holiday in Qingming to allow students to sweep tombs. Ming's "Imperial Capital Scenery and Objects" contains: "On the clear and bright day of March, men and women sweep tombs, carry up honors, hang ingots after the palanquin, and fill the road. Worshippers, drinkers, weepers, those who weed and added soil to the tomb, burn ingots, and place graves with paper money. If there is no paper money, it is lonely. Cry, do not return, go to the tree, choose the garden, and sit drunk. ”
clear and bright
The summer solstice in summer, when the wheat harvest is harvested, was called "summer festival" or "summer solstice festival" in ancient times. Before the Qing Dynasty, the summer solstice had a national holiday, the Song Dynasty began with the summer solstice, and the hundred officials had a three-day holiday, and in the Liao Dynasty, "the summer solstice day is called the 'dynasty festival', and women enter the color fan and give it to each other with powder fat capsules."
Poets will not miss the opportunity to chant the solar terms. The white dew of autumn is probably one of the most poetic solar terms, and the famous sentences are all over the place: "The white dew is frost", "The autumn wind is fierce, the white dew is the frost of the morning", "The dew is white from tonight, the moon is the hometown Ming"... The ancients believed that dew was auspicious and could cure diseases and prolong life, and "manna fall" was a sign of the emperor's benevolence and morality.
Winter after the beginning of winter, light snow, heavy snow, winter solstice, small cold, to the big cold, this is the last of the "twenty-four solar terms", agricultural proverb has clouds, "after the great cold, another year".
In this cold season, Tang Ren Geng wrote in "Late Landing in Qianzhou to Send Li Shiyu": "May Qiao be preserved and green through the cold." "In the season when thousands of trees are falling, pines and cypresses can still maintain their vitality and are as green as spring, and they give examples and confidence in human life. The big cold has arrived, will spring be far away?
Yu Shicun said: "In terms of the feeling of time, traditional Chinese culture has indeed had the beautiful experience of the harmony between heaven and man, and the harmony of nature and people's hearts. Now, even if you are not engaged in agriculture, you can feel the cycle of time and life like the farmers of yesteryear. The duty of young people is to level the land, not to worry about time. You do what you do in March and April, and you have your own answer in August and September. This is the meaning of the idiom Chunhua Qiushi.
With the rapid development of economy and society and the obvious changes in weather and climate, does the 24 solar terms still have reference value for our production and life?
Mao Liuxi, senior engineer of the Agricultural Meteorological Center of the National Meteorological Center, believes that although the time of the 24 solar terms has been fixed, from the perspective of historical development, the connotation of the 24 solar terms is dynamic and constantly enriched. People in different regions and different eras combined with the climate and agricultural planting conditions at that time to localize the 24 solar terms with the times. Since modern times, farmers have also continuously given new connotations to solar terms according to changes in temperature, precipitation and phenology, and dynamically modified and improved agricultural proverbs related to solar terms.
"In the vast rural areas, the twenty-four solar terms are still recognized and loved by farmers and friends." Catchy and widely spread seasonal proverbs such as "valley rain and snow are not broken, and miscellaneous grain sowing should not be delayed" are catchy and widely spread, and have become the basis for peasants to arrange agricultural affairs. It is precisely because of the connotation of the dynamic change of the twenty-four solar terms, it can still provide a reference for the current people's production and life. Mao Liuxi said.
Lixia
Lin Zhiguang, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, said that the 24 solar terms still have practical value for our lives and culture. For example, from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine health care, which is now very popular, autumn starts from the beginning of autumn solar terms, adjacent to the hot summer, hot and humid; Autumn ends with frost and winter is approaching, and the climate is dry and cold. Although early and late autumn are in the same season, the climate is completely opposite, and the seasonal diseases encountered by doctors and the diseases that need to be prevented by TCM health care are also very different. Therefore, it is not enough to treat diseases and maintain health simply following the four seasons, but also to follow the solar terms.
Dealing with the heat
"Solar terms and our lives are inseparable, but in fact, it is often without us knowing it, moisturizing our experience of thousands of weather." Song Yingjie believes that although with the acceleration of urbanization in the mainland and the development of modern agricultural technology, the guiding function of the 24 solar terms for agricultural affairs has gradually weakened, it still has multi-faceted cultural significance and social functions in contemporary Chinese life, which clearly embodies the concept of Chinese respecting nature, conforming to natural laws and sustainable development, and highlighting the uniqueness of Chinese's understanding of the universe and nature and the richness of its practical activities.
"The Chinese 24 solar terms are unique and complete, and have been infiltrated into our bloodline and even genes, making Chinese's life have the beauty of rhythm, which can be said to be the 'punctuation reading' of Chinese life." Song Yingjie said.
Sting
To inherit and develop the 24 solar terms, it needs to be "localized" and "modernized"
After thousands of years, the twenty-four solar terms still play a role in the production and life of Chinese. However, it is undeniable that the tradition of solar terms in some places is disappearing, and young people's cognition of solar terms is gradually blurred, and their feelings are gradually weakening.
"The success of the application is very good, but we must be soberly aware that there are too many things that need to be done to protect and inherit the twenty-four solar terms. After the successful application, we cannot just go to the pile of old papers to rummage through what the ancients thought and what kind of customs they had. Song Yingjie emphasized, "What is more important is inheritance and development, which is that we can continue something for the 'unfinished' culture of the 24 solar terms, so that the 24 solar terms become richer." Don't let future generations look at this era and say: this era has not made any unique contribution. ”
Autumn wind
Speaking of the description of solar terms and weather (phenological characteristics) in ancient books, Song Yingjie believes that some are extremely exciting, and the solar terms or weather should be clearly and conveyed in three or five words, such as "peach flower", "xuan bird to", "renai vocalization" and so on. But there are also many that need to be improved, some are misunderstood, some are fallacies, some are not representative, some markers have been controversial, and some are difficult to observe. "On the one hand, it is necessary to 'localize', summarize the unique phenological markers of the local area, and don't keep the mouth of the original area of the family. On the other hand, it is to 'modernize', to improve the limitations and deviations that exist according to the current perception. ”
Xiaohan
Bi Xuefei, director of the Chinese Folk Customs Society and associate professor of Zhejiang A&F University, who studied in Japan, said that the 24 solar terms have been introduced to Japan for more than 1,000 years, and some solar terms have been included in Japan's legal holidays (festivals), and more are passed on and practiced in the form of folk festivals, and there are also a large number of expressions about solar terms in the field of literature. These practices are worth learning.
Chao Gejin, president of the Chinese Folk Customs Society, pointed out that some of the 24 solar terms are very famous, but some solar terms have gradually faded out of people's sight and have been forgotten. "How to make the people aware of this problem, how to better inherit the 24 solar terms, protect and promote this traditional culture is our mission."