Twenty-three, sugar melon sticky;
Twenty-four, sweep the house;
Twenty-five, make tofu;
Twenty-six, stewed pork;
Twenty-seven, go kill chickens;
Twenty-eight, plaster window flowers;
Twenty-nine, go and pour wine;
Chinese New Year's Eve, eat flat food;
On New Year's Day, wear new clothes.
This well-known folk Spring Festival nursery rhyme shows the importance that our Chinese sons and daughters attach to the Spring Festival, as well as the joyful mood and busy state of preparing for the New Year.
What is the taste of the year? On the twenty-eighth day of the lunar month, the red and fiery spring couplings were pasted at the gate, and the smell came.
How to make the New Year more atmospheric? In addition to the spring couplets full of blessings, of course, they are the traditional handicrafts full of red festive elements and various colors on the mainland!
These folk handicrafts contain the wisdom of countless ancients and the spirit of non-genetic people. In recent years, with the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, traditional handicrafts that were once neglected have gradually returned to people's vision, once again occupying an important place in people's lives, and becoming sought-after "new" New Year goods.
Decoupage
Whether in the north or south, every household loves to paste window flowers during the Spring Festival, and window flowers are paper cuts pasted on window glass. Paper cutting can be said to be one of the oldest folk arts of the Han people, people paste beautiful and colorful paper cutting on snow-white walls or bright glass windows, doors, lanterns, and the festive atmosphere is rendered very richly.
The material is just a small piece of red paper, the tool is only a pair of scissors, but for thousands of years, it can condense unique artistic characteristics between these square inches, which is both childish and simple, rough and thick, and has a simple and flexible, natural and interesting side, vividly showing the folk customs of the Han people.
Old Beijing paper-cutting has a strong representative in folk paper-cutting art. Originally, Beijing's arts and crafts were divided into two categories: "folk art" and "court art", folk art was simple and generous, and court art never paid attention to the cost of craftsmanship in order to highlight the luxury, so it was extremely luxurious. However, paper-cutting, the cheapest folk art, crosses this clear line. In the old Beijing city, Wang Ye's family has Wang Ye's Spring Festival, and the people's family has the people's Spring Festival, but whether Wang Ye or the people, when each family buys New Year goods for the Spring Festival, they will definitely buy a variety of paper cuts to celebrate the festival and bring happiness.
"A pair of scissors is useful, it can cut dragons, it can cut phoenixes, it can cut mice and make holes; Can cut chickens, can cut geese, can cut carp play Tianhe. "This folk song sings about Jinan's paper-cutting handicraft. Jinan folk paper-cutting culture has a long history, Spring Festival stickers such as door signs, window flowers, wall flowers, ceiling flowers of new houses, utensil appliqués, etc., are indispensable to use paper-cutting, various forms are lifelike, deeply loved by the people. The themes are mostly things that ordinary people like to see, such as characters, flowers, vegetables and fruits, birds and beasts, bogu, vases, landscapes, landscapes, flower characters, stories, etc., pinning on the beautiful ideals and wishes of folk artists.
Pictures
New Year painting is a unique genre of painting in China, and it is also an art form that ordinary people on the mainland like to see. New Year paintings, like spring couplings, originated from the "door god". People paint the portraits of popular "guardian saints" such as Guan Yu, Zhao Yun, Wei Chigong, Qin Shubao, Zhong Kui, Tianshi, Dongfang Shuo and others, hoping to use their power to deter evil, achieve the purpose of driving away evil spirits and defending family homes. Later, the "door god painting" became a "New Year painting" with decoration of the house, containing blessings and auspiciousness, and became the most important item to create the atmosphere of the Spring Festival in ancient China.
Traditional New Year paintings are mostly made of wooden watermarks, and the folk have always said "South Peach and North Willow", which refers to the Peach Blossom Wood New Year painting in Suzhou in the south, and the Yang Willow Green Wood Prints in the north. These two types of New Year painting are the two major schools of Chinese New Year painting, and they are both excellent, regardless of the uncle.
As a representative of Northern New Year painting, Yang Liu Youth Painting has the reputation of "the first Chinese wood-panel New Year painting". Founded during the Hongzhi period of the Ming Dynasty, "Beiliu" has a long development history of more than 400 years, and is known as the "encyclopedia" of Chinese folk with its thick and long historical accumulation and vivid records of folk customs.
Yangliu Youth Painting inherits the tradition of Song and Yuan painting, and absorbs the art of woodblock prints, arts and crafts and theatrical stage in the Ming Dynasty, and adopts the method of combining woodblock overprinting and hand-painted painting, which skillfully integrates the charm of woodcut and the brush tone of painting, which is very distinctive. In Yangliuqing Town, Tianjin, almost all men, women and children participated in the production of New Year paintings, forming a scene of "every family will be dyed, and every household will be good and danqing".
"Nantao" originated from the gathering place of Jiangnan folk paintings in the Song Dynasty - Suzhou Peach Blossom Dock. People used to call Suzhou New Year paintings "Peach Blossom Wood New Year Paintings", and woodcut New Year paintings are also called "Gusu Edition" or "Suzhou Edition".
Peach Blossom Wood New Year painting evolved from the woodblock printing process and embroidery image of the Song Dynasty, and also inherited the Ming Dynasty's color-splitting overprinting technology. The colors are gorgeous, often with purple red as the main tone, showing a joyful atmosphere; The composition is full and symmetrical, with a typical folk art style of the Gangnam region.
The Peach Blossom Wood New Year painting reflects the life and customs of the people of Suzhou at that time, and also expresses people's good wishes for future life, which is not only widely spread in the Jiangnan area, but also spread to Japan, Britain and Germany. Especially in Japan, Peachblossom New Year painting and Japanese ukiyo-e have an indissoluble relationship, Japanese ukiyo-e refers to the shape, theme and color of Peachblossom New Year painting, after localization and redesign, formed its own unique artistic style.
Later, Japanese ukiyo-e crossed the ocean and had a great influence on Impressionism and Western modern painting. Today, the Peach Blossom Wood New Year painting has been listed as China's intangible cultural heritage, which is not only a necessary decoration for the New Year, but also a carrier that allows more people to see the charm of mainland traditional culture.
Lights
If the indoor "New Year's Taste" relies on spring couplings, New Year paintings and window flowers, then the "New Year's Taste" outside the house must invite out the lantern. When every street lamp on the street is hung high with red lanterns, the taste of the New Year can spread from day to night, and the lights are bright, reminding people of "the New Year" all the time!
Lanterns, also known as "lanterns", the early role is lighting, made of paper or silk as the skin of the lantern, the skeleton is usually made of bamboo or wooden strips, and candles or bulbs are placed in the middle to become lighting tools. Since the Han Dynasty, lanterns have developed into ornamental lamps with decorative functions, which are widely popular among the people and the court, becoming an important activity content during people's festivals, forming a cultural phenomenon of the Festival of Lights.
"If you ask about ancient and modern waste, please only look at Luoyang City." Luoyang, named for its location in the Yang of Luoshui, is one of the birthplaces of Chinese civilization and the eastern starting point of the Silk Road, and thirteen dynasties have built their capital in Luoyang in history.
In the historic city of Luoyang, there is a lamp that has been passed down for more than a thousand years, that is, the brilliant treasure - Luoyang Palace Lantern. According to legend, Luoyang Palace lanterns were created in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the first Lantern Festival after the Han Guangwu Emperor built the capital Luoyang, and a banquet was set up in Luoyang, and the lights inside and outside the new palace and on the streets were bright, and people were carrying palace lanterns out to celebrate. The palace lamps are brilliant and bright. "Palace lanterns" originated in the palace, flowed to the people and slowly carried forward, competing in the Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and other festivals, and the light has been passed down to this day.
Clay sculpture and face sculpture
Sun Dasheng, Second Master Guan, Sister Guanyin, Grandpa Shouxing... These "gadgets" that can attract children's attention in an instant and make them happy all day are the traditional handicrafts of the mainland - clay sculpture and face sculpture. A few delicate, cute, colorful and festive clay sculptures or face sculptures are placed at home, which can immediately add a little more to the New Year atmosphere and evoke happy childhood memories.
Fengxiang painted clay sculpture is a kind of folk art in Fengxiang County, Shaanxi Province, which is a unique fine piece of Chinese folk art and enjoys a good reputation at home and abroad. Every household of Fengxiang has clay sculptures, which can be placed at home to pray for blessings in the town house. Every New Year's holiday, it is a traditional custom of the Fengxiang people to give a Fengxiang clay sculpture.
Fengxiang clay sculpture integrates the patterns in ancient stone carvings, New Year paintings, paper cutting and embroidery into the clay, with bold colors, unique shapes, and childish and cute shapes, which are deeply loved by locals. In the inheritance process of Fengxiang clay sculpture, the most famous and typical image is the image of the tiger. According to Fengxiang's custom, the front door is pasted with the door god, and the back door is hung with a tiger, which can drive away evil spirits and avoid evil. The shape of the tiger in the Fengxiang clay sculpture is actually not similar to the real tiger, but it accurately expresses the spirit and courage of the tiger, and also reveals a touch of amiable demeanor.
Chubby, red fluttering face, slightly smiling, wearing a red floral cotton jacket, sitting cross-legged... The girl who can be seen everywhere on the streets is called "Mengwa". In 2013, a series of public service advertising works "Talking about Civilization and Tree New Wind - Chinese Dream Series" interpreted in the form of Chinese folk art quietly appeared all over the country. The creator of "Mengwa", which is popular all over the country, is Lin Gang, a senior arts and crafts artist at Tianjin Clay Man Zhang Caizhu Studio.
Most of the clay sculptures of Zhang Clay Figures are full of the atmosphere of the times and closely related to the lives of ordinary people, and the eyes of this red-clothed clay doll are particularly innocent, which is very close to the theme of the "Chinese Dream".
Tianjin "Clay Man Zhang" color sculpture was founded in the Qing Daoguang period and has a history of 180 years. The clay figure Zhang Caizhu has distinct realistic artistic characteristics, which can truly portray the character and posture of the characters; Pursue anatomical structure, exaggerate and reasonable, and make appropriate trade-offs; Colorful, elegant and beautiful.
Face sculpture, commonly known as "pinching noodle people" and "face flowers", is a Chinese folk art and one of the national intangible cultural heritage, although the production technique is simple, but it has high artistic value. Noodle molding is made of glutinous rice noodles as the main material, and festivals and folk festivals in many places in the mainland will use noodle plastic handicrafts, expressing the people's pursuit of abundant clothing and food, and all things are satisfactory, and has become a beautiful folk cultural landscape.
In the past, there were noodle sculptors in the lively streets, and colorful dough of various colors was kneaded in the hands for a while, and various lifelike people and animals were "transformed", attracting the attention of children coming and going, and becoming the best memories of many people's childhood.
Hydrangea
Hydrangea is generally made of colorful embroidery, which has the symbolic meaning of "auspicious, rich and complete", can attract harmony and blessing, and is also a common mascot for mainland folk New Year festivals.
In Shandong, hydrangea lantern dance is a provincial intangible cultural heritage, more than 1,000 years ago, the working people who suffered from the chaos of the army and the hardships of wandering and displacement ushered in a prosperous era, and the hydrangea lantern dance, which symbolizes peace and happiness, came into being.
In Hebei, hydrangea dragon lanterns have also been selected into the provincial intangible cultural heritage list, and hydrangea dragon lanterns are composed of three parts: dragon head, dragon body and dragon tail. The dragon body is divided into 12 knots, which increase to 13 knots in leap years, and each stanza represents a month. The red and green dragons have a total of 24 festivals, symbolizing the 24 solar terms of the lunar year. The sections are disconnected, and each section is composed of two double-layer balls, like hydrangeas, so it is called "hydrangea dragon lamp". During the performance, each section dances with the dragon's head, and the hydrangea dragon lantern not only has the momentum of the dragon soaring, but also highlights the characteristics of the lamp, the two coexist, rigid and soft, very ornamental, greatly enriching the cultural life of the masses during the Spring Festival.
Walking into the thousand-year-old town of Jingxi City, Guangxi, you will find that every woman will sew hydrangeas, which is the "hometown of Chinese hydrangeas".
Guangxi hydrangea is mostly made of red, yellow, green three colors as the base and fabric, the finished product is mostly 12 petals, each petal is embroidered with a variety of mascots, the upper four petals must pick birds, the lower four petals must be walking animals, the middle four petals can play their own imagination, embroidery patterns such as plum, orchid, chrysanthemum, bamboo and other floral patterns or spring swallow, dragon and phoenix, etc. The "pile hydrangeas" using the double thread embroidery method, the graphics are more exquisite, the pattern is extremely complex, and the things outlined are lifelike, very three-dimensional, like a living thing gushing out, belonging to the best of hydrangeas.
What do you think
Traditional handicrafts come out,
Did the smell of the year immediately thicken?
In the coming Year of the Rabbit,
Good letter to everyone
Da Zhanhong Rabbit,
The former rabbit is like a brocade,
Rabbit Bu Qingyun,
Raised eyebrows,
Jade Rabbit Chengxiang!