There was such a question and answer on Zhihu
Q: In film and television dramas, how to evaluate the good or bad acting skills of an actor?
Answer: What is the name of Wakan?
In the history of corrupt officials through the ages, he was actually the first beautiful man in the Manchu Qing Dynasty!
Wang Gang as Hejun stills
When it comes to Hejun, everyone can't help but think of Mr. Wang Gang played by Hejun in the TV series "Iron Teeth Copper Teeth Ji Xiaolan", and those who have watched film and television dramas know that Hejun in the play is a short, fat, round-faced, treacherous and cunning little old man image (sorry, Mr. Wang Gang).
In fact, the image created in the real Hejun and the film and television dramas can be described as very different, and the appearance is even more beautiful.
Wakan image
Born in 1750, Hejun was originally known as Shanbao, Zizhizhai, Niuhulu clan, Manchurian Zhenghong Banner people. He lost his mother at the age of 3 and his father at the age of 9, and when he was a child, he sent people under the fence with his younger brother, watching his stepmother's white-eyed life every day, and tasted the warmth and coldness of the world. However, it was also the hardships of his childhood that tempered his will and achieved a lifetime of cunning.
According to historical records: Helong "Manchu, Chinese, Mongolian, and Xifan script, quite meaningful"; "Those who know the Western character among the ministers are very difficult; Only Hejun Cheng will edict, and all can handle ranks" ("Eight Flags Tongzhi"). This makes him stand out from the crowd among his colleagues.
In addition, he was also a "national affairs man" and a "diplomat". In the early years of Qianlong, because of his fluency in many ethnic languages, Helong helped Qianlong better handle the problems of ethnic minorities in Tibet, Xinjiang and southwest China. As for foreign envoys, in terms of reception and discussion, he was "more expensive than thrift and moderate wealth, not humble or arrogant," and "must not be careless, nor be extravagant" ("Records of Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty"), and achieved reasonableness, favorability, and moderation.
At that time, the British envoy Macartney visited China, and he also communicated with the Macartney delegation in English, and answered like a stream, not falling into the majesty of the Celestial Empire. Macartney spoke highly of him, saying that he was "good at language, quick and skillful in conversation, and very good at diplomacy." He was praised as a "mature politician". In addition, he is also good at financial management and poetry. In short, Helong was regarded as the best among the civil and military officials at that time, and the shrewd and capable Qianlong was regarded as a right-hand man and a minister of the army.
For such a Manchu minister, as the Qianlong Emperor, who has always had a strong conservative ideology of respect in Manchuria, he naturally looked at Helong differently and favored him.
Why is such a capable person becoming a big moth who is fat and greedy in the country of beetles?
Qianlong image
During the reign of the Qianlong Emperor, he quelled the rebellion of Zhuo and consolidated the development of a multi-ethnic country, went to Jiangnan six times, and edited large-scale cultural classics such as the Siku Quanshu; In politics, economy, military, culture, diplomacy, and martial arts, brilliant achievements have been made.
According to the Qing history manuscript: "On the record: Emperor Gaozong's luck and Zhilong, exerting himself to govern, opening up the frontier and expanding the world, the four conquests are not in court, the wen is vigorous, and Yusi is prosperous." Enjoy the long time, the same as the Holy Ancestor, and the Shou Kao surpassed. Since three generations, there has been no taste. But the old period is tired and diligent, hidden by the luck of power, and the sun and the moon are bright, and I sigh for it. ”
The Qianlong Emperor was naturally intelligent and knowledgeable, loved calligraphy and painting, art, was good at riding and shooting, and was fluent in five languages: Chinese, Manchu, Mongolian, Tibetan and Uyghur. In the early and middle years of the Qianlong Emperor's reign, he achieved "striving for good governance, opening up the territory, four conquests, and striving for martial arts". This also makes him very conceited.
In his later years, he can be described as "tired and diligent in the old age, sheltered in the luck of power, tired of the sun and the moon, sighing for it", and called himself "ten perfect old people". In addition, he was old and old, monopolized power, and extremely luxurious in life, favored corrupt officials, and amassed wealth for himself with the help of Hejun, which made the rule of officials corrupt and social contradictions arose.
He Juan is very understanding of people, very skillful, and provides special service to Qianlong. As soon as the emperor coughed, he immediately took the spittoon and helped him beat his back; In his spare time, he also told Qianlong stories and jokes, and exchanged poems together, so that the Qianlong Emperor would not be lonely.
Therefore, in the days to come, in addition to adding officials to the knighthood, Helong was rewarded in all aspects, among which the Qianlong Emperor gave Helong the most prominent reward in the form of ink carvings, books, poems, scrolls, etc., a total of 65 times. The chronology of the rewards of these ink carvings, books, poems, scrolls and other gifts truly reflects the relationship between the Qianlong Emperor and Helong, which shows the importance and trust of the Qianlong Emperor for Helong, and also clearly reflects the context of Helong in poetry, calligraphy, learning, politics, etc., which makes people understand Helong people more deeply from the side.
Kazukan's calligraphy
The Qianlong Emperor's trust in Helong was also manifested in marrying his young daughter, the Tenth Princess, to Helong's eldest son, Feng Shen Yinde, so that Helong not only held great power, but also became an imperial prince.
As his power grew, his selfish desires swelled, taking advantage of his position to form a party for personal gain, accumulate money, and use bribery, persecution, intimidation, violence, kidnapping, etc. to encircle local forces and attack political opponents. In addition, he also personally operated industry and commerce, opened 75 pawnshops, set up more than 300 large and small silver houses, and had business contacts with the British East India Company and Guangdong 13 Lines. He became the "king of corrupt officials" and "king of corruption" who was called by later generations as the power of the world and the wealth of the enemy.
He was also the richest man in the world in the 18th century, surpassing Meyer Rothschild at the same time. The Qing dynasty forces, represented by the Jiaqing Emperor, the superintendent Qian Feng, the university scholar Liu Yong, the editor of the Hanlin Academy, Wang Jie, the minister of military aircraft, Dong Xu, the secretary of the Hubu, and Zhu Gui, the attendant of the Ministry of Rites, impeached Helong many times, but Hejun was able to overcome the danger.
He Juan used various means to help the emperor do many things that others could not do, consciously volunteered to carry the black pot for the emperor, and did everything possible to provide financial resources for the Qianlong Emperor's extravagant squandering, so the Qianlong Emperor could not do without Helong for a moment. He Juan gradually became a powerful minister above 10,000 people under one person, and he could influence the decisions of the Qianlong Emperor, and people privately called him the "second emperor".
On the third day of the first lunar month in the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799), Qianlong, who had been emperor for three years, died of illness, and the Jiaqing Emperor was able to take charge of the imperial government himself. The Jiaqing Emperor, who had long been preparing to take action, issued a decree on the same day, ordering Helong and his henchman Fu Chang'an to guard the funeral hall of the Zi Palace day and night, and disguised himself from the military and political power in Hejun's hands and put him under house arrest.
Subsequently, Jiaqing dispatched troops and used his cronies and brothers to take over the military aircraft department and household departments and other organs of state power, and let the brothers lead the inner guards to surround Qianlong's funeral hall, and Helong was captured in front of Qianlong's coffin. After the arrest of Hejun, the family wealth was worth 1 billion taels of silver, which was equivalent to the country's fiscal revenue for 15 years at that time.
Waka's Crimes:
The two edicts of the 11th and 16th of the fourth month of Jiaqing are listed one by one, and the content of the two documents is basically the same, but there are also differences, the latter is more perfect, and its mortal crimes have a total of 20 articles:
1. On the 3rd day of September 3, 60, Qianlong was crowned crown prince by the emperor, and the edict had not yet been announced, and Hekun handed over Ruyi on the 2nd day of the first month, leaking secrets, and actually took his support as a credit;
2. In the first year of the previous year, the emperor summoned Hekun in the Old Summer Palace, and Yi actually rode straight into the left gate, passing through the Zhengda Hall of Light to Shoushan Pass, without a king or father, so it is even worse;
3. Due to leg disease, he rode the chair and sedan into the big interior, and entered and exited the Shenwu Gate on his shoulders, which was seen by everyone and had no scruples;
4. and marry the woman who left the palace as a second wife, shamelessly;
5. Since the suppression of the Sichuan and Chu bandits, the emperor hoped that the military book would be forbidden, but he and Kun had arbitrarily delayed the delivery of the report to various military camps, and deliberately deceived it, so that the military affairs were not completed for a long time;
6. When the emperor did not hesitate, Hekun was not loved by him, and after every meeting, he went out to tell the foreign court personnel, talking and laughing as usual, and he was frustrated;
7. Yesterday, the emperor Kaoli hurriedly wrote an edict, and there was something untrue between the words and paintings, and Kun dared to say that it was better to tear it off, and he actually drafted another purpose;
8. Before the emperor's edict, Ling Yi managed the affairs of the criminal department of the Ministry of Officials, and because of the calculation of military supplies, Yi was a skilled hand, and he was also in charge of the household department, and the title of reimbursement incident, Yi actually controlled the affairs of the household department by one person, changed it into a rule, and did not allow the ministers to consult a word;
9. In December of the previous year, Nekui shoveled the report of Xunhua, and the thieves of the Second Hall of Guide gathered more than 1,000 people, robbed the Dalai Lama and merchants of cattle, killed and injured two people, and wantonly robbed a case in Qinghai.
10. After the emperor's promotion, the edict ordered that the Mongol princes did not have to come to Beijing if they had no acne, and Hekun did not obey the edict, so that those who had not yet developed pox did not have to come, all ignoring the intention of the state to appease the foreign domain, and their intentions could not be questioned;
11. The university scholar Su Ling'a listened to his ears heavily, and he was exhausted and embarrassed, because he was a brother-in-law of Yidi and Lin, but he was hidden, and the attendants Wu Shenglan, Li Xuan, and Li Guangyun, the secretary of the imperial servant temple, all taught in the Yi family, and kept the secretary rank concurrently serving as a scholar and government;
12. The named personnel of the Military Aircraft Department and Kun were arbitrarily withdrawn, and all kinds of specialties could not be enumerated;
13. Yesterday, the property of the Kun family was copied, and the Nanmu houses built were extravagant, and its multi-treasure pavilion and partition style were modeled on the Ningshou Palace system, and its garden decorations were no different from the Old Summer Palace Pengdao Yaotai, I don't know what kind of lungs?
14. Jixian Tomb actually set up a hall of enjoyment and opened a tunnel, so that the nearby residents have the name of the Mausoleum;
15. There are more than 200 strings of pearl bracelets in the jewelry hidden in the Yi family, which are several times more than the large inner jewel, and some large beads are larger than the crown of the royal family;
Second, there are more than two million buried silver in the cellar.
19. There are pawnshops and money shops in Jixian Prefecture, Tongzhou, and the capital is more than 100,000 yuan, and the first and auxiliary ministers compete with the people for profits;
20. Liu Quan, the Yi family, but a lowly family slave, and the confiscated family property reached more than 200,000, and there were large pearl bead braceletes, if it were not for the need to ask for it, how could it be so rich;
On the morning of the 18th day of the first month of the fourth year of Jiaqing, the emperor sent someone to send a white satin drill to let him commit suicide. Half a life is smart, and in the end, it is difficult to escape a cup of bitter wine from the three-foot white aya.
Before his death, he left behind a desperate poem. The emotion-filled Hejun said in the poem:
"Two Songs for the Moon in the Night of Shangyuan Night"
One of them:
The night was as bright as promised, and the order was sleepy.
A hundred years was originally a dream, twenty years in vain.
The room is dark and the walls are not spring.
The stars ring the cold moon, weeping and lonely.
To the previous incident of Jing's injury, Huai Cai mistakenly made this body.
There is little food for the rest of life, and it is empty to bear the nine heavy kernels.
Second:
Tonight is Hexi, Lantern Festival and spring.
Pity this moonlit night, it is very sad.
Thinking is eternal, and grace is renewed with the festival.
The holy light is hidden in the candle, and there are lonely courtiers.
Although he died in the struggle for feudal imperial power, why didn't he die in his own hands? It is obviously himself, driven by lust, who pushed himself step by step to the abyss of fate.
Capable people are the elite of society, the precipitous productive forces, but "although there is a good sword, if it is not forged, it is not sharp; Although there is a good bow, if it is not drained, it is not right." If they are unaware and out of control of capable people, they can also be black sheep in chaotic times, and only by making good use of capable people and managing capable people can we make the economy prosperous and the politics clear.
As an able person, instead of becoming an outstanding figure in promoting social development, he has become a historical sinner who hinders social progress, which is the tragedy of Hekan, and even more so, the tragedy of history.
Note: According to wild histories such as "Qing Dynasty Wild History Daguan Helong Family Wealth", the total wealth of Helong is "2 billion taels of strange government revenue 70 million, and Helong is a cabinet minister for 20 years, and his savings are stronger as a country's 20-year tax (years) income". Because the Qing Dynasty was closest to the modern era, he became the most famous corrupt official in Chinese history, and in 2001, he was selected as one of the world's richest people in the Asian Wall Street Journal.
Resources:
1. Qianlong Appreciation and Shu Kao
2. Archive Grand View Garden
3. China History Network
The picture comes from the Internet, if there is infringement, please contact to delete