preface
Songworms are an important part of traditional Chinese folk culture, and there are two main categories, the cockroach and the cricket, the latter of which is more prosperous. The four great songworms in the capital "grasshopper, oil gourd, clamshell and golden bell", the cricket family occupies three seats---- just like Guo Juxia in "The Legend of Wulin", "Three of the four gods are his apprentices, and the martial arts are the worst three, can it not be powerful"?
Tiger beetle cricket
Oil gourds, clams and admiralty belong to the general family of crickets of the suborder Orthoptera, which can be collectively referred to as crickets. In addition to the natural silent type such as dumb crickets and tiger beetle crickets, most male crickets have the ability to rub their forewings to make sounds, among which there are dozens of traditional songworms and newly developed songworms, and members of the 4 living families of the cricket family (crickets, crickets, arachnidae, and scaly crickets) have appeared.
Li Zongsheng said: "I have only seen the division of the long time, but I have never seen the union of the long time." Taxonomy often changes, or divided or combined, the general trend is also divided, and the expansion of crickets from the cricket family to the general family of crickets is the result of the split. At present, the specific classification under the general family Crickets is still controversial, and this paper is based on the paper "Research Progress on Insect Species Diversity of Crickets".
1. Crickets Subfamily Crickets
1. Chinese fighting cricket Velarifictorus micado
Figure 1.1
Figure 1.2
Figure 1.3 Female, short-winged and long-winged
Also known as Mika Fighting Cricket, "Mika" is a transliteration of the word. The first protagonist of Dou Clam'er, who can fight and is good at chirping, has made the Prime Minister of the Son of Heaven and the people Li Min collectively obsessed with the "first worm in China". Body length 13-18mm, head large and wide round, face round and full, usually black-brown, there are other color types, Figure 1.2 is my township Sidian town produced "eight red crickets", outstanding appearance, good temperament.
Long-jawed fighting cricket
When I was a child, I followed my neighbor's grandfather to catch clams, and he dismissed all the few I caught as "sharp-billed monkeys". At that time, I was puzzled, and I also looked closely, all of them were sharp-billed monkeys with cheeks and lewd appearances. I used to think it was a Chinese fighting cricket of inferior quality, but now it should be a long-jawed fighting cricket/V. aspersus. The long jaw and the Chinese origin are not the same root, probably not too urgent to fry each other.
2. Yellow-faced oil gourd Teleogryllus emma
Figure 2.1
Figure 2.2 Male
Figure 2.3 Female
Figure 2.4 Red eyes and jade eyes, a little scary
Our township is called "Tuzhe", or the sound of "promoting weaving". Body length about 18~26mm, thick, brown or black-brown, shiny oil; The head is large and round, with yellowish eyebrow lines above the compound eyes, and the face is yellow; The hindwings are longer and converge at the back of the body. The melodious and gentle sound is favored by insect friends. Due to long-term artificial cultivation, many varieties have appeared, such as jade eye, red eye, rock sugar purple and so on.
3. Southern oil gourd Teleogryllus mitratus
Also known as two broad bucket crickets, bamboo crickets, etc. The body size is larger than the yellow-faced oil gourd, the male is 24.2~28.7mm long, the maximum value can reach 30mm, and it is mostly reddish brown. The sound is not very pleasant, and it is generally used as a "fight", which is prevalent in parts of Lingnan, echoing the Chinese fighting crickets in the north (north of Guangdong), dominating the northern and southern martial arts respectively.
4. Gryllus bimaculatus
Figure 4.1 Male
Figure 4.2
Southern oil gourd did not unify the southern martial arts, Yunnan and other places fight is this, commonly known as painting mirrors. It is similar in size to the southern oil gourd , with a shiny black body and two prominent yellow spots at the base of the forewings. The captive-bred individuals sold in Qingdao Nanshan Market have a different body color from the wild state, mostly brown, and are used as feed... Of course, the fate of insects depends on self-struggle, but also taking into account the course of history, who would have thought that the local tyrants would fall here.
5. Peanut giant cricket Tarbinskiellus portentosus
Figure 5
The largest cricket in China, 35~45 mm in length, red or yellow throughout, head and neck (chest and back plate) are bulging, quite a heavyweight boxer's style, Tyson is this temperament. Fierce by nature, some areas also use it to fight. The sound is thick and loud, and the rhythm is fast, which is a continuous sound of "sentence and sentence".
6. Gryllodes sigillatus
Figure 6
Also known as short-winged stove cricket, stove horse cricket. I like to haunt the crevices of the farmhouse stove, the torch, and the fire wall. The body length is about 12~15 mm, the whole body is yellow-brown, the male has short forewings, usually only one-third of the length of the abdomen, and the female has shorter forewings. Like the night chirping, the sound is like the chick chirping, so it is also commonly known as stove chicken.
Synaptic cockroach
Not to be confused with Hyacinth. The living environment of the two is similar, both are inseparable from the stove, and the folk names are also similar, but the hunchback of the hunchback has no wings, can not call, belongs to the general family of camel moths, and crickets are very far away. The "horse" of "clues" refers to the "stove horse", which is generally considered to be a slug roach.
II. Crickets Subfamily Iron crickets
7. Engraved iron cricket Sclerogryllus punctatus
Figure 7.1 Male
Figure 7.2 Female
The common name is iron marble, clam, because of the leathery forewings of females, also known as leather-winged iron crickets. Slightly smaller in size, the body is black and shiny, with a small, rounded head and a white segment in the middle of the antennae. People cloud its "beautiful sound, excellent echo, Yukong valley transmission, very loud", and the golden bell (bell cricket) and called the song insect double, sorry I didn't hear it well, it feels particularly noisy...
3. Crickets Subfamily Tree crickets
8. Common tree cricket Oecanthus euryelytra
Figure 8.1
Figure 8.2
Also known as green tree cricket, commonly known as green bamboo fly. Adults are nearly 15 mm long, slender and delicate, pale green, and transparent wings like cicada wings. Males often chirp behind the horns of leaves to amplify their sound. The song is monosyllabic, similar to the Chinese fighting cricket, but more soothing and rich.
9. Long-petaled tree cricket Oecanthus longicauda
Figure 9.1
Figure 9.2
Common name purple bamboo fly. The body size is slightly larger than that of the green bamboo fly, with a purplish-black line on the abdomen (faintly visible in Figure 7.2), and the body color is often variable, pale green, yellow-white or brownish. The song is rapid and continuous, fast in frequency and low in pitch, similar to the chirping of hibiscus birds and the sound of wooden fish (what hand speed, knocking wooden fish so fast).
10. Spotted horned tree cricket Oecanthus antennalis
Figure 10
Common name silver whistle bamboo fly. The body is white and green, there are several black spots on the back of the head and eyes, and 2-3 black spots on the inside of the antennae basal segment, this feature is unique, just look for this, the name "spotted horn" is derived from Si. There are "suction cups" on the claws, which can move freely in smooth glass, and blue and purple bamboo flies do not have this skill.
11. Similar tree cricket Oecanthus similator
Figure 11
"Similar" is a transliteration of the addition of the word similator, commonly known as the green whistle bamboo fly. The body size is similar to that of the long-petaled tree cricket, but the ventral surface is pale and lacks purple longitudinal stripes; The wings are narrow, with an aspect ratio of more than 3.3/1, while the common tree cricket has a wing aspect ratio below 2.9/1.
12. Xabea levissima
Figure 12.1 Male
Figure 12.2 Female
Songworm is upstart, only produced in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, and the price is high, 1 is often 80 or 90 pieces or even more expensive. Slender , with a head significantly narrower than the rest of the body, the male's forewings are broad and transparent with brown stripes, and females appear much slimmer.
Tianshui black bamboo fly, unknown what
In the article "Revision of the tree crickets of China" published by the songworm classification research group of East China Normal University, a total of 8 species of 2 genera and 8 species of domestic tree cricket subfamilies are included, in addition to the above 5 species, there is also 1 species of Yunnan red (mountain) bamboo fly, suspected to be Zheng's tree cricket/O. zhengi, and the other 2 species are rare. Among the 6 species, the song of Zheng's tree cricket and common tree cricket is intermittent, and the rest are continuous and long. In addition, it is said that the Tianshui black bamboo fly on the market is a broad-winged tree cricket, but whether this species is established is controversial and doubtful.
IV. Crickets Subfamily Distance crickets
13. Sliced cricket Truljalia hibinonis
Figure 13
Also known as pear sliced cricket, commonly known as golden bell (green golden bell, even mouth golden bell), sky fly, silver pipa and so on. The body length is 18~20 mm, the body is fusiform, the whole body is grass green, and the male forewings are broad, with brown veins. It looks dumbfounded and has low eyebrows, but the sound is high-pitched and crisp, and the sound is beautiful. The closely related species T. forceps/T. forceps, and T. tylacantha, are very slightly different from pear crickets and cannot be identified with COI gene sequences.
V. Crickets Subfamily Crickets
14. Cloud-spotted golden cricket Xenogryllus marmoratus
Figure 14.1 Male
Figure 14.2
Common names are pagoda fly, golden pipa. The body length is about 20 mm, the whole body is brownish yellow, the head is small and the tail is pointed, and it is slightly fusiform. The male has broad, golden forewings and a miniature golden lute; The female is duller and not much different from the earth grasshopper. The song is very unique, the rhythm is such as "gold, golden leech", "gold, golden leech", four sounds in one cycle, crisp and pleasant. Legend has it that once the male and female insects complete the ceremony, they will mutate from four cuckoos to two cuckoos, and the song will be changed to "mothfly" and "cuckoo", which is too physically extensive...
6. Arachnidae
15. Japanese bell cricket Meloimorpha japonica
Figure 15.1
Figure 15.2
Figure 15.3 Yunnan bell cricket
Common names are golden bells (black gold bells), horse flies. The body size is smaller than the bucket cricket, the black is flat and drop-shaped, and the antennae are white except for the first and second segments. It's a little ugly, the bugs in the bugs are annoying, but the insects can't look, and the call is really good, especially ethereal and melodious. Figure 15.3 Yunnan bell cricket, once a separate species, is now a subspecies of the Japanese bell cricket, and the white part of the antennae is short, which can be distinguished accordingly.
16.Cacoplistes (Laminogryllus) rogenhoferi
Figure 16
The common name is telegraph fly, which is much larger than the Japanese bell cricket, and its appearance is much ugly. It is characterized by day and night, diligent sound, and the sound is extremely single, and the average person will go crazy after listening to it for half a day. There are also rumors that its audio is like an oil gourd "falling arms", as long as the oil gourd hears its sound, it will inevitably be happy, this prospect is very bad. P.S. It is currently believed that this species has no domestic distribution and the designation is questionable.
VII. Scaly crickets
17. Ornebius kanetataki
Figure 17
The common name stone fly, the trade name amber fairy may also be this species. The body is about 1cm long, slightly flattened, densely covered with silvery-white scales, which gradually fall off as the body grows, and finally the whole body becomes rust-colored. Males have shorter forewings , less than half the length of their abdomen , reddish-brown or darker , and females are wingless. The chime is a delicate "dripping" sound that needs to be kept quiet to enjoy.
18. Ornebius fuscicerci
Figure 18
Common name mountain fairy. The body is slightly flattened, the dorsal plate is gray-black, and there is a circle of dazzling white lines on the edges; compound wings short rounded, golden yellow, with a strong luster; The dorsal surface of the abdominal segment is white, gray, and black, and some individuals are four-colored; The tail whiskers are extremely long, white at both ends and black in the middle, which is called a three-color tail. The ringing is a particularly clear metal bell, the frequency of which increases rapidly with the temperature.
There are many kinds of crickets found in the songworm market, there are many names, what flame fairy, vermilion fairy, golden peacock, etc. belong to this category, the shape may be different, but there is a primitive temperament of the ancient flood wilderness, the scales and super long tail whiskers on the body always make me think of the clothes fish hiding in the clothes cabinet, I really don't like it.
VIII. Lycaenidae Subfamily Echidnaceae
19. Dianemobius furumagiensis with white whiskers
Figure 19.1
Figure 19.2
Common name is water fly. "White whiskers" refer to the white whiskers of the jaw, as shown in Figure 19.2, not antennae. The body length is about 10 mm, light brown or light black, and the six-legged white has black markings. The sound is quiet, like flowing water.
20. Dianemobius fascipes
Figure 20
Common names are spotted flies, flower flies. Body length 5~7mm, black-brown, feet have obvious black and white patterns, head and chest dorsal plate light brown with patterns, body color changes greatly. Note that there is a small almost white segment in the middle of the tail whisker. The sound is like "squeaking", with an ascending tone at the end, each sound can last for 10~15 seconds, and then there is a noticeable pause.
21. Polionemobius taprobanensis
Figure 21
The common name is grassfly, note that it is not a grassfly of the order Veinoptera. It is often found in urban artificial turf and can be said to be the most abundant cricket around. It is small , no more than 10 mm , with brown forewings with dark spots and dark longitudinal stripes on the head, resembling a large pockmarked fly. The sound is like the sound of electricity, I hear the buzzing of my brain, and I don't know what to raise this thing.
22. Polionemobius flavoantennalis
Figure 22
It only starts to chirp when the weather turns cold, hence the name chill fly. The body length is only about 4~5mm, the whole body is dark and shiny, the middle section of the antennae is white, the two ends are black, I don't know what the word "yellow horn" refers to. The sound is like a golden fly (it will appear immediately, it will be next), but the volume is lower.
9. Crickets Subfamily Cerambycidae
23. Svistella bifasciata
Figure 23.1
Figure 23.2
It used to be known as double-banded cricket, commonly known as golden fly. The body length is 10 mm, the body surface is black, brown and white three colors, the wing surface is shiny as gold, the thigh femoral segment has two black bands, and the head has 1 brown transverse stripe between the two compound eyes. The sound is like "bell bell bell bell", rich in metal texture like copper bell.
24. Red-breasted goldfly cricket Svistella rufonotata
Figure 24
Also known as the red-breasted chirping cricket, commonly known as the middle yellow fly, it is also called the May fly because it emerges as an adult in May every year. The size of the small yellow fly is between the small yellow fly and the large yellow fly, and the body is slightly short and fat. The sound is single-mouth intermittent, and the sound is rapid in summer and melodious in autumn and winter.
25. Anhui golden fly cricket Svistella anhuiensis
Figure 25
Common name rhubarb. The body length is about 10mm, the body is yellow, the wing surface is golden, and the antennae are slender and flowing; The sound is like "bell bell bell bell", like the sound of gold and jade and continuous. Because of its good color art, it has always been known as the first songworm in Jiangnan. Qingdao Nanshan Market "Three Monster Worm Walk" is sold all year round, the price is about 30 yuan / piece.
26. Homoeoxopha lycoides
Figure 26 Males
Commonly known as ink fly, black fly, antfly or black peony. The size is like a grain of wheat, the color is mainly black, the head is black or slightly brownish-red, and the dorsal plate of the chest is bright red like fire. Small and beautiful, bright body color, unique song, it is the most popular type of ink cricket.
27. Black-headed ink fly Homoeoxipha obliterata
Figure 27.1
Figure 27.2
Also commonly known as ink fly. The body size is similar to that of the bare-breasted ink fly, and the cephalothorax is sometimes red, and the most critical difference from the bare-breasted is actually in the "legs": the femoral segments of its forefoot and midfoot are black, while the corresponding parts of the bare-chested are pale and reddish. As shown in Figure 27.2, although the body is red and the head is not black, the femoral joints of the forefoot and midfoot are black, so it is still a black head instead of a barechest.
28. Black-footed ink fly Homoeoxipha nigripes
Figure 28
Or ink flies. The body size is smaller than the previous two species of ink flies, the base 2/5 of the hindfoot femoral segment is light yellow, and the end 3/5 is dark black, as if a girl wears black silk, which is easy to identify. It is often sold in small quantities mixed in black-headed ink crickets, especially known as orchard ink.
29. Natula pallidula
Also known as gray yellow fly cricket, commonly known as small yellow fly. Body length 6~7mm, golden yellow or wheat straw color, shiny, antennae extremely long. The body is petite and delicate, and the sound is round and gentle like a golden bell, which is loved by insect friends. Usually raised in groups, four or five in a box, when the chorus sounds like a light symphony, which is pleasant.
30. Natula matsuurai
Figure 30
Also called little yellow fly. There are 4 species of small yellow fly crickets in China, as well as N. Longipennis has and N. Pravdini are also "small yellow flies", which are available on the market and have slightly different prices. Figure 30 (and Figure 24) is taken from a foreign academic paper and should be correct, but you can't see any difference from Figure 29. It's really not easy to distinguish these kinds based on photos alone, so forget it.
Conclusion
It is another huge work that has been reviewed for several days and added and deleted several times, but it is far from covering all the crickets and songworms on the market. You don't know how crazy the current insect dealers are, and the unpopular species in the ends of the earth and the horns can be caught and sold for money, even new species that have just been published in recent years. A new species of silver-winged goldfly cricket/Svistella argentata released in 2019 is already on the market under the name "silverfly". So there's no end to it, just enough to stop. Over。