As a landmark of Paris, Notre Dame Cathedral is known as the pride of France and is a world-famous cultural heritage with a rich history of 800 years.
Notre Dame Cathedral (1750)
Notre Dame Cathedral on the Seine, 1780
Today's Notre Dame Cathedral shines brightly
It is said that on December 2, 1804, Napoleon . Bonaparte held a grand coronation at Notre Dame Cathedral.
Le Sacre de Napoléon (Coronation of Napoleon I)
"The Coronation of Napoleon I", is a famous French painter Jacques-Louis David (1748-1825, also translated as Davitt, French painter, founder and outstanding representative of the neoclassical school) created by Napoleon in 1805-1807, it is said to "faithfully" record the coronation ceremony of the king held in Notre Dame Cathedral on December 2, 1804, the oil painting is nearly 10 meters wide and 6 meters high, it is a huge masterpiece.
Completed in November 1807, Napoleon liked it so much that he praised: "This is a great work!" It's not a painting at all, how can a painting make people feel like they are in the picture? Every part has life... That's great! It's really great! David, or do you know me, you make me a knight of France. ”
However, it is intriguing that there are two extant paintings, one in the Palace of Versailles and one in the Louvre, and there are some differences between the two paintings.
One is that the canvas is different.
Second, Napoleon's second sister Polina in the painting is dressed differently.
Pauline Bonaparte (October 20, 1780 – June 9, 1825), born Maria Paola Bonaparte, was 11 years younger than Napoleon and was only 5 years old when her father died, often referred to as Polina Bonaparte, an Italian noblewoman. Polina was the first ruling duchess of the Duchy of Guastara, Italy, princess of the French Empire and princess of Sulmona and Rossano.
In June 1797, with the help of her brother Napoleon, Polina married Charles Victoire Emmanuel Leclerc (1772-1802), a major general of the French army, and gave birth to her only child, Delmid Liklerk, the following year.
In the painting at Versailles, Napoleon's second sister Polina is looking at Josephine's cloak, she is wearing a red veil, while in the painting preserved in the Louvre, Polina is wearing a white veil.
After zooming in, you can clearly see that the outer is covered with red yarn
Second, Napoleon's mother did not actually attend the coronation.
In this masterpiece, Napoleon's mother, Maria Leticia Lamolino (1750-1836), attended the coronation and sat on the throne in the center of the picture, the whole picture looks solemn and warm.
In the Louvre painting, the mother of Napoleon wears a white veil and looks significantly younger
If these are nuances and harmless, let's see if its "faithfully recorded so-called history" is really faithful to history.
According to historical records, on the day of Napoleon's coronation, his mother, Maria Leticia Lamolino, was so angry that her son had a quarrel with him about marrying a widow as queen, and refused to attend the ceremony.
Third, beauty and filters.
"Queen" Josephine de Boarnet (1763-1814) knelt on the ground to receive Napoleon's coronation instead of receiving the laurels from the Pope.
Josephine de Boarnet was a favorite of Napoleon. It is said that Napoleon shouted Josephine's name before he died.
On the day of her coronation, Josephine was 41 years old and a middle-aged woman.
But in this painting, her face is rosy and delicate, there is not a trace of wrinkles on her face, her hair is coiled upward, her nose is straight, and the corners of her mouth are slightly raised, like a twenty-eight girl. Today, it is to turn on the filter and beauty function. The large purple-red velvet cloak behind Josephine was carried by two noble women, and her grace and magnificence were vividly expressed.
In addition, Josephine, 41, is a widow and carries two tow bottles (children). However, love is sometimes wonderful, but Napoleon fell in love with her at first sight, fell hopelessly in love with her, and married her lightning-fast.
However, after marriage, Josephine, who was 6 years older than Napoleon, never had children, and it was unimaginable that the great king would not have a biological son to inherit the throne, so in the end, the two agreed to divorce, and Josephine became an ex-wife.
Mary Louise, the daughter of Franz II and Empress Marie Theresa, the last emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, lived a life of upheaval and security. When she heard the news of Napoleon's divorce from Josephine, she wrote in her diary:
"The news of Napoleon's divorce from Josephine spread throughout Europe, and I don't know which poor duke married that monster, what the most terrible torture! My father will not let me go through this. ”
Unfortunately, fate played a big joke with her, and in the end she became the "poor" princess.
After Napoleon married Mary Louise, he finally gave birth to a son.
Surprisingly, fate took another turn, Napoleon's own son finally failed to inherit the throne, but the grandson of his ex-wife Josephine finally took the throne and became Napoleon III.
Napoleon III, daughter of his ex-wife Josephine and son of Napoleon's brother ...
Fourth, according to the size ratio of the painting, Napoleon in the painting is about 1.8 meters tall, in fact, Napoleon is relatively short, which is a well-known fact.
Napoleon's servant Constance published a memoir, which recorded that Napoleon was 5 feet 2 inches and 3 minutes tall. After Napoleon's death, Francisco Antomage, a personal physician before his burial, measured Napoleon's height during an autopsy and measured it as 5 feet 2 inches and 4 minutes. St. Helena's autopsy report shows:
"His Excellency Napoleon is 5 feet 2 inches and 10 lines in length from head to toe."
However, whether the unit here is a ruler or a foot is controversial and doubtful. Because the two are not equal, there is a certain error. However, even according to the height, Napoleon's height is only about 1.68-1.7 meters, and it is impossible to reach 1.8 meters.
In the painting, the 35-year-old Napoleon is wearing a large Romanesque cloak of purple and red velvet, standing on the steps with a crown held high, his expression majestic and calm. I have to admit that Napoleon became more tall under David's brilliant pen.
In addition, the painter David also used "highlight" small means to highlight the main characters in the painting, the protagonist is the eye-catching bright red, Queen Josephine is warm red, and the supporting role is mainly dark red.
Napoleon's hand salute, as shown below. In fact, without the support of the Rooster, Napoleon could not have become King of France at all. He is also the owner of the French Rooster Society, so after successfully reaching the top, he must return the favor, especially in the creation of historical stories and historical monuments.
The logo differs slightly from country to country. As shown below, the famous Li Hongzhang.
The British missionary Timothy Lee had a huge impact on modern Chinese history
Hirobumi Ito
Fifth, Pope Pius VII (1742-1823), after Napoleon, is simply embedded in the coronation painting, which is not easily recognizable, and his attire is more like an ordinary bishop after removing the papal crown.
Pope Pius VII at the time
Pope Pius VII in the painting feels distracted and absent-minded.
Also, on the day of the coronation, the Pope was actually very dissatisfied. Because according to tradition, the king should go to Rome to be crowned. Can you be happy to be dragged from Rome?
Speaking of which, the host of this ceremony should have been Pius VII, Italian Pope Barnaba Niccolò Maria Louis Chiaramonti.
If he saw the original plan drawn up by David, the Pope would probably be angry.
Because, at the beginning, David conceived of Napoleon himself crowning himself, and the Pope sat behind his back with an unhappy look ...
But how can Pope Pius VII, wearing a hat, be about the same height as Napoleon while sitting? Let's take the hat off quickly!
Thus, the crown that should have belonged to Pope Pius VII was put on the head of this old man. Of course, the shape of the hat was slightly changed and changed to a bishop's crown. Otherwise, what if people accuse you of trespassing?
A bishop's crown, high crown, French crown or ceremonial crown is a hat worn by Catholic, Orthodox, and Anglican senior clergy such as bishops or archbishops in religious ceremonies.
As shown below, Charles-François Lebrun (1739-1824), one of the three consuls of Napoleon Bonaparte, held the scepter of "Charlemagne".
Sixth, Caprara, the chubby cardinal next to the pope, was not present that day because he happened to be ill and was recuperating at home, so he could not attend the ceremony.
Since Napoleon's first consul was a secular agreement signed with Cardinal Caprala as a very important symbol of his political career, Cardinal Caprala was allowed to appear even if he was not present that day.
Seventh, the so-called "Caesar" figure actually appeared behind Napoleon. Even according to Western history, Caesar was a figure from a thousand years ago, how could it be 1804?
The image of Caesar in Western stories
According to the Chinese classic "Daming Yi Tongzhi" about the "Whisking Kingdom":
"In the fourth year of Song Yuanfeng, his king 'Annihilation Yiling Change' began to send envoys to offer offerings. In the Yuan Yu, it makes two solstice. ”
"In the fourth year of this dynasty, Hongwu, he sent the old people of his country to pinch the edict of Gurenqi to send envoys to the dynasty and pay tribute."
If the state of Fuling is Eastern Rome, according to this account, during the Song Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty, Eastern Rome was a vassal state of China?
National custom: Tsuchiya without tiles. Where is the mud house without tiles? Think about the houses there in Tibet.
If you don't believe me, keep reading.
"Song Shi: The country is very cold, and there are no tiles in the earthen house. Wine is made from pu (Portuguese). The music has a flute, a kettle piano, a small basket, and a partial drum. "Eastern Rome has a fence??? Is there such an instrument? Is the Maitreya Buddha on Eastern Roman coins?
Extinguish Irling sprinkles. Remove the first four words, which is "change the sprinkling". "Re-sap", that is, "Caesar". When the kingdom of Shulin became Eastern Rome, "Re-sarial" became "Caesar".
Kunyu Jisheng, public number: Kunyu Jisheng lost 600 years, the information of Zheng He's fleet has finally reappeared, and the false history lie that is very popular is about to be completely ended
If so, the coronation ceremony that should have belonged to Napoleon has magically become the coronation of the queen.
Since then, Napoleon has appeared in many later portraits as the "New Caesar" wearing a golden laurel.
Stendhal once said: "Napoleon is proving to the world that after many centuries, Caesar and Alexander finally have someone to follow." ”
However, there is also a theory on the Internet that Napoleon's coronation was not actually held at Notre Dame Cathedral, but at the cathedral in Milan, Italy. Of course, the coronation was not in December 1804, but in 1805.
The two are very close in time. If 1804 had already been crowned and Napoleon was reluctant to take the "crown" from the Pope, then why did it again in 1805?
Why is that?
Since there can be no two coronations, it is certain that the most likely coronation will only exist once.
Why is it thought that a coronation at Notre Dame Cathedral in 1804 was impossible?
Because the real history of Notre Dame may not be called 800 years, its real history is only about 158 years, which means that the actual construction time of Notre Dame Cathedral is about 1864.
Even according to the history of the West, it is not right.
Because Notre Dame Cathedral was badly damaged during the French Revolution (1789-1794) and has long been in ruins, Notre Dame Cathedral was also used as a gunpowder factory, and even the stones were removed to build bridges or foundations.
From 1794 to 1804, in just 10 years, France was able to complete the reconstruction of Notre Dame? Look at the background of the cathedral in 1804, how magnificent it was!
In terms of construction period, Notre Dame Cathedral was built in 1163, and the entire church was completed in 1345, which took 183 years!
According to French officials, if it was only rebuilt in the 19th century, even if it began in 1800, would it only take 4 years to rebuild?
On April 15, 2019, Notre Dame Cathedral was suddenly hit by a fire, and the cathedral was severely damaged.
The collapse of the iconic 96-meter-high spire smashed the cathedral vault, crushed a modern altar, and left a huge hole.
As for the interior of the cathedral, it is a mess.
Note that the fire did not completely destroy Notre Dame, and thanks to the efforts of firefighters, a large part of the building survived, including the two bell towers and many priceless artifacts inside the church, such as the famous rose window, the golden cross, the church organ, etc., all preserved intact.
In other words, the damage to the cathedral this time is far less than during the French Revolution.
So, under today's technological conditions, the damage is much less than during the French Revolution, how long will it take to rebuild Notre Dame?
The clean-up alone (the removal of charred wood and other debris and transported to a warehouse near Charles de Gaulle airport for sorting and sorting) took two years.
It was expected that reconstruction would take decades.
Later, French officials felt that this time was too long to accept, and began a global tender, and finally the estimated time was shortened to five years under the premise of Chinese participation in the reconstruction.
With the existing technical conditions, technical capabilities, and the participation of infrastructure maniacs, it will take at least five years to rebuild, so that the reconstruction began in 1800, and the cathedral could be rebuilt by 1804?
Two of the most notable of the series of ceremonies held at Notre Dame Cathedral were the coronation of Napoleon, as already mentioned, and the rehabilitation of Joan of Arc.
It is said that in the Hundred Years' War between England and France, the heroine Joan of Arc (1412 – May 30, 1431, French: Jeanne d'Arc; English: Joan of Arc) led the French army to bravely resist the British invasion, repeatedly inflicted heavy losses on the enemy army in the Battle of Orleans and the Battle of Parthi, turned the tide of the war, and helped King Charles VII of France recover a large area of lost territory. Later, due to the betrayal of the traitor, Joan of Arc was captured by the English and slandered as a witch, and finally publicly executed by the English in May 1431, burned at the stake at the age of 19.
However, from the time Joan of Arc joined the army until she was captured, it was only more than a year in total, and a minor girl who did not understand military strategy and tactics, who had no practical experience in hundreds of battles, could actually save the French army, which had been defeated for more than 70 years, contact the siege of Orleans, and reverse the defeat in one year.
No matter how the Westerners stitched up, they could not satisfactorily explain why Joan of Arc, a village girl with a military layman, was able to win successive victories after leading the army into Orleans, and the British army, which was recognized as having strong combat effectiveness in the Hundred Years' War, could not be defeated.
Because of this, the West threw out a theory by Serhiy Horbenko, an expert in Ukrainian surgery and archaeology, proposing that "Joan" was Charles VI's illegitimate daughter, Princess Margaret, who was born a general, familiar with military affairs, and was sent by Charles VII to Duke Alençon (famous for the Battle of Orleans) to support Joan's hypothesis. It's just that this story has too many loopholes to withstand research, and few people agree with it.
Interestingly, the "Virgin" in Notre Dame may not refer to the so-called Virgin Mary, but to Joan of Arc.
The full name of Notre Dame is Cathédrale Notre Dame, which means "Our Lady of Paris" and "Our Lady" in French.
The meaning of Dame is as follows:
It is said that in 1456, the rehabilitation ceremony of Joan of Arc was held in the "Notre Dame de Paris", and a statue of Joan was erected in the courtyard, from which Joan was praised as the "Holy Daughter".
The English name for the Virgin Mary is Mary, Mother of Christ and in French it is Sainte Vierge.
Therefore, it is entirely possible that Dame of Cathédrale Notre Dame refers to the legendary Joan of Arc rather than the Virgin Mary.
Also, Nortre Dame (our lady, our lady) is not a proper name for "Notre Dame", there are two churches named Nortre Dame in the 2nd arrondissement of Paris alone, and one in the 9th and 16th arrondissements of Paris.
In fact, many churches in France are called Notre Dame.
ACCORDING TO J. MEURET'S LE CHAPITRE DE NOTRE-DAME DE PARIS EN 1790 (1790 NOTRE DAME BRANCH), PAGE 66 (DATA AND TRANSLATION FROM PROFESSOR GAO PENGCHENG, PEKING UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF POLITICAL MANAGEMENT), ACCORDING TO:
The bottom of the image above is marked with a description in French:
"This plan, modeled on the one that the abbot of La Grive offered to the Chapter in 1752, indicates the houses of the canons and beneficiaries under the number they bore in 1790."
Translated, it goes something like this:
The map is based on a map provided to the chapter by the Abbot of La Griff in 1752, showing the number of the residence (house) of the Pope and the beneficiaries in 1790.
Not only that, but the Paris plan of 1800, on the location of today's Notre Dame Cathedral, also shows the vacant land and Hotel God (the map indicates the serial number 43).
The place marked with serial number 43 on the map is Hotel God.
Zoom in
In contrast to the location of Notre Dame Cathedral today, the location marked 43 in 1800 is the location of today's Notre Dame Cathedral. Unfortunately, at that time it was not called Notre Dame, but Hotel God and vacant lots.
One might say that there was not an extra piece of location 34 in the middle of the 1800 planning map? What is that?
34, named St. Lewis on the Paris plan of 1800
And today, the island is joined by the island, but still called St. Louis, St. Louis. Lewis, although spelled differently, is actually the same.
Chapter 6 of The Chinese Taste in 18th-century England (Cambridge University Press, 2010) by University of Michigan professor David Porter describes the birth of the first so-called "Gothic" grotesque phenomenon in the West,—— a Whig politician named Horace Walpole (1717-1797). British art historians and literary scholars) changed the original "Chinese-style" architectural magic to "Gothic".
He created the Gothic novel "Otranto Castle" and the so-called Gothic building "Strawberry Hill".
The novel "Castle of Otranto" contains elements of eerie, horror and supernatural, opening up the literary tendency of the so-called Gothic style, which has a profound impact on later generations in the West;
The so-called Gothic building "Strawberry Hill" pioneered Gothic architecture and became the source of imitation in the West.
Strawberry Hills, the first Gothic building in Western history (produced in the 1760s)
In the field of furniture, British designers have also concocted a large number of Chinese Rococo style pattern books.
After 1740, as the first man in Western history, Mathais Lock began carving birds and winged dragons. Later, Westerners continued this style, known as the father of European furniture, Thomas Chippendale (1718-1779, also translated as Chippendale, Chippendale, British joinery furniture designer and maker, from a family of carpenters) has made great achievements in this regard and has become a masterpiece.
In 1754, Thomas Chippendale published The gentleman and cabinet-maker's director, which detailed the so-called Chinese Chippondale style.
The famous 18th-century British playwright Oliver Goldsmith described a character's visit to a Chinese art dealer in his book The Citizen of the World:
"Do you have any beautiful Chinese goods? The kind of ordinary people don't know what to do..."
"I have 20 things that only Chinese know how to use. Look at these jars, authentic bean green... And these, while they may seem good to you, are not worth mentioning for Chinese. But they are useful utensils, so every family should have one. ”
Finally, let's enjoy a painting that is "falsified by perjury"!
It is said that the weak King Henry VI (1421-1471) of England was also crowned by the Pope at the historic "Notre Dame de Paris".
On 6 November 1429, Henry VI was crowned King of England at Westminster Abbey;
On December 16, 1431, Henry VI was crowned King of France at Notre Dame Cathedral as follows:
Hey? Didn't Notre Dame Cathedral be built in 1345 after 183 years of construction? Shouldn't the cathedral be palatial and majestic? How is it so simple? Such a humble church needs to be built in 183 years?
In fact, one of the reasons why the coronation ceremony of Napoleon was placed at Notre Dame Cathedral was to prove the long history of Notre Dame, which was self-defeating and showed flaws without thinking.
Alas, carelessly, inconsistent again!
With the spear of the other, attack the shield of the other!
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