Tibet is an important ecological security barrier for China. From repeatedly stressing that Tibet's work should "adhere to the priority of ecological protection" to "building the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau into a national and even international ecological civilization highland" and "integrated protection and systematic management of grass and sand and ice in landscapes, forests, fields, lakes, and grasses", from the two central Tibet work forums to the deliberation and adoption of the "Plan for Ecological Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau", since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Tibet's ecological civilization construction has been placed in a more prominent position.
In November 2016, Nagqu, Tibet, had entered a severe winter. Under the great attention of the Party Central Committee, the Ministry of Science and Technology launched the "Demonstration Project of Key Technology Research and Development and Greening Model of Urban Tree Planting in Nagqu Area" in the key special project of "Typical Fragile Ecological Restoration and Protection Research" in the 13th Five-Year Plan, led by Elion Group, a sand control enterprise in Kubuqi, Inner Mongolia, and united a number of scientific research units to launch a green challenge to Nagqu! After more than 5 years of research, 8 preferred tree species have been introduced from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Kubuqi Billion Li Germplasm Resource Bank, and the Elion research team has planted 300,000 "small forests" in Nagqu, Tibet, at an altitude of 4500 meters.
Dare to be the first, Elion Group "unveiled the commander-
As early as 1998, Nagqu forestry technicians established the first tree planting test base in the courtyard of the Regional Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau, covering an area of 2 acres, introducing saplings from the Ali area, and the trees tried to be planted were alpine willow, water cypress branches, sea buckthorn, Alibang willow, etc., with little effect.
Facing the major needs of the country and the pursuit of the dreams of the people of Nagqu for green trees and green mountains, we challenged the planting and greening of cities and towns in the alpine areas of the plateau and faced the difficulties. "With the important exhortation to 'vigorously carry forward the Kubuqi spirit and promote the Kubuqi model' and the concern for the absence of trees at the doorstep of the nagqu people, in 2016, Yili sent 11 sand control and tree planting experts to Nagqu in Tibet, and with the participation and support of Peking University, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Tibet Forestry Research Institute, and the Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, they opened a 4,500-meter high-altitude tree planting scientific research project." Wang Wenbiao, secretary of the party committee and chairman of Elion Group, recalled the scene of sending the research team to Nagqu 5 years ago, saying that under the promotion of the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Tibet Autonomous Region, Elion did not hesitate to unveil the "national list" of ecological science and technology research, undertook the demonstration project of key technology research and development and greening mode of urban plants in Nagqu City, and launched it in March 2017, and made initial progress that year.
Subvert the concept, from 20 plants to 300,000 plants
In 2007, Nagqu forestry technicians introduced 20 spruce trees and 10 Beijing poplars from Lhasa, and 30 alpine willows from Suo County. "It can be said that these 14 trees are the oldest trees in Nagqu City." Raton, head of the afforestation section of the Nagqu City Forestry Bureau, said. Since then, the central and local governments have continuously increased their capital investment every year. To overcome the harsh natural environment, to break the rules of native species on the plateau, and to improve the survival rate of trees, we must rely on science and technology!
The Ministry of Science and Technology has organized the discussion of key technology research and development and greening demonstration projects for tree planting in Nagqu Town for many times, followed up and guided in a timely manner, and organized on-site inspection and acceptance of the project for many times in the process of project promotion. The party committee and government of the Tibet Autonomous Region attach great importance to the ecological protection of Nagqu. Since 2016, Wu Yingjie, secretary of the regional party committee, has listened to the report of the Elion research team, and went to the national key special project test base for tree planting in the alpine area of Nagqu and the alpine afforestation experimental base of the Forestry Bureau of Nagqu Region, to inspect the scientific tree planting work in the alpine area, which strongly supported the implementation of the project.
At the beginning of the project, the harsh natural environment and almost blank technical fields became a problem for the Yili science and technology research team who had just arrived in Nagqu, and actively and quickly put into work was the only strategy for everyone to fight the unknown. "In the selection and breeding of seedlings, we used big data technology to screen and compare germplasm resources on a large scale and on a large scale. It has also established a climate monitoring station, relying on the ecological big data service platform, comprehensively collecting various indicators of temperature, humidity, wind speed, light intensity, soil climate and species growth characteristics, and formulating and implementing a number of windproof and cold-proof measures. Hao Wei, general manager of Nagqu Yili Ecological Technology Co., Ltd., introduced, "In view of the situation that the ultraviolet rays are strong and the growth of plants is restricted, the atomization spray mode is adopted to increase the air humidity and avoid the burning of the trees by the sun." In view of the low soil temperature and insufficient accumulated temperature, the PE tree enclosure soil temperature accumulation technology was invented, and the tree enclosure was made of polymer materials, which played the role of water accumulation and sun protection, and could also absorb solar radiation into heat to warm the roots. ”
Elion expert team has solved the technical problems of tree planting in alpine areas, integrated high-altitude tree planting technology packages, and has applied for 28 technical patents and obtained 14 authorizations. These achievements were exchanged by the party members and cadres of the Elion project team with years of perseverance and physical health, some of them comrades have been separated from their families for a long time, and even have no time to meet with their relatives for the last time, and some comrades have lung lesions, and they have practiced the "lack of oxygen without lack of spirit" with sacrifice and dedication.
Led by the Elion project team, the Institute of Botany of the Chinese Academy of Sciences participated in the selection of tree species and breeding research for the Nagqu Tree Planting Project, giving priority to the selection of indigenous tree species and appropriately domesticating high-quality resources in similar climatic regions to maximize the survival rate of transplantation. The Biological Laboratory of Peking University conducted a comprehensive study on the functional group of soil microorganisms in the environment and the root environment root biological regulation of trees in alpine and high-altitude areas, and used science to explore the power of tree growth.
From one year to five years, from rooting to expanding, from one tree to hundreds of thousands of trees - from 2016 to 2021, Elion selected 46 kinds of tree shrubs from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Kubuqi Desert to Nagqu trial seeds, from which 8 pioneer tree species that are resistant to high altitude, cold, wind, ultraviolet rays and can grow at an altitude of 4500 meters above sea level have been successfully bred. The database and evaluation system of Naqu suitable tree species were established, and the cuttings breeding technology system in alpine and high-altitude areas was explored by using high-altitude germplasm resources, which explained the low-temperature breeding mechanism and shortened the cuttings breeding time under low-temperature conditions.
Elion research team planted a total of 400,000 trees in Naqu, under the condition of scientific conservation, 75% of the trees successfully crossed 5 winters, the annual winter preservation rate reached more than 75%, and the current Elion Naqu project base seedlings have about 300,000 trees. The ancient Naqu ended the history of "no long tree" and had a small forest.
"Now, Nagqu also has a tree, although it can't be compared with Lhasa, but in the summer you can also see the green, and the children are not like we didn't see the tree when we were children, they have seen the tree since they were young." ”
Inspiring inspiration, the high-altitude area of Nagqu eliminates the treeless village
In recent years, Tibet has intensively promoted the greening of the national territory and implemented the afforestation and greening project of the "two rivers and four rivers" basin. In Nagqu, 4500 meters above sea level, the nagqu town tree planting key technology research and development and greening demonstration project implemented by Elion Group has played a practical role in inspiring the local area, and the scientific and technological achievements have also been promoted in some places in Nagqu, which has enhanced the confidence of the people of Nagqu in planting trees.