Bats are mammals, an animal of the order Pterodactyl, also known as sky rats, hanging rats, sky bats, mouse skin wings, flying squirrels, salt rats and so on. Pterodactyls are the second largest group after rodents and are the only mammals that can evolve truly fly, with 961 species in 185 genera and 19 families.
flying fox
The largest bats are the flying fox, which live mainly in tropical and subtropical regions of the globe. The length is more like that of canines, and some of these species of foxes can weigh more than 1.3 kg and have a wingspan of up to 1.7 meters. Members of the family Pteropodidae are plant-eaters, with large species feeding on fruits and smaller species feeding mainly on nectar. The fox bat is nocturnal and can sometimes reach up to 15 km in long-distance flights. Food is found mainly by smell. In fact, 70% of bat species feed mainly on insects and other small arthropods; the rest mainly feed on fruits, nectar and pollen; some tropical species are carnivorous, and only 3 species of vampire bats feed on blood.
At present, many people may talk about "bat" discoloration, because bats carry at least dozens to hundreds of deadly viruses, in addition to SARS, the more well-known also include Marburg virus, Ebola virus, MERS virus, rabies virus and so on. April 10, 2020 - Researchers from the Smithsonian Institution's Global Health Program have discovered six new coronaviruses in bats in Myanmar that have not been previously found elsewhere. They will study the possibility of the spread of these viruses across species to assess their threat to human health.
Bats carry well-known viruses
Marburg virus.
Since October 2004, the outbreak of Marburg virus in Angola, Africa, did not subside until July 2005, according to Baidu Encyclopedia, the mortality rate of the virus remained as high as 10%.
Ebola virus
As many people know about Ebola virus, Ebola virus has a higher fatality rate, between 50% and 90%, and the main causes of death are stroke, myocardial infarction, hypovolemic shock or multiple organ failure.
Chrysanthemum bat is an important host for many animal-derived viruses such as rabies virus, Nipah virus, and Hanta virus
SARS virus
I believe that the Chinese people have an impression of SARS, and when a SARS scene occurred, people think that they all have palpitations. And its source is confirmed to be bats.
While some of the viruses come from bats that have not yet been fully confirmed, there is no doubt that bats carry a large number of high-risk viruses.
Big-eared bats
Bats can carry a variety of zoonotic viruses and are virtually uninfected. The scientists found that the NF-κB family transcription factor c-REL in bats was positively selected. This gene not only functions in innate immunity, but also has a relationship with DNA damage responses. Natural killer (NK) cells are the first line of defense against external pathogenic microorganisms and tumors. The development of genomics provides important basic data for human beings to understand the genetic basis of the origin, differentiation and diversity of species.
Vampire red bat
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > what is the value of bat existence? </h1>
Bats have a special place in evolution, in the long-term evolution of the development of many very interesting biological phenomena, bats are still an important object of study of animal orientation, localization and dormancy, the secret of their radiation technology has not been fully understood, humans just know what bats can do, but still do not know how they do.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > medical and medicinal value</h1>
A variety of medical texts have recorded the medicinal value of bats in Traditional Chinese medicine, in the Records of Traditional Chinese Medicine it can be used as a traditional Chinese medicine for long cough, malaria, gonorrhea, umbilicus and so on. Its feces are also a kind of Traditional Chinese medicine, called Luminous Sand, which is used for eye diseases.
In medicine, anticoagulant proteins extracted from the saliva of vampire bats dissolve blood clots twice as fast as some clinically used drugs. At the same time, bats are virus vectors that are extremely harmful to humans, and comparative analysis at the genomics level will also provide important tools for understanding bats' own immune systems and virus defense mechanisms. Genomics is only one of the entrances to these studies, and the data and results of the studies are of great significance to the relevant studies.
Hoof bats are adapted to live in human habitation areas, are very numerous, and can prey on a large number of pests
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > bionic value</h1>
Bats can't take off on the horizontal ground, and there must be a little height difference. The bat's navigation ability is by no means limited to echolocation, and it has a magnetic "compass" navigation function in its body, which can accurately return to its habitat from thousands of miles away according to the Earth's magnetic field. The study is the first time scientists have revealed that bats have magnetic navigation capabilities, which helps to further improve scientists' understanding of bat navigation and flight.
Although the bat has very poor vision, it has an extraordinary echo localization method, which emits a sound wave of 20,000 hertz higher from the mouth, called "ultrasonic wave", which is inaudible to people, and the ultrasonic wave will reflect back when it encounters an obstacle and transmit it to the sensitive ears of the bat. Bats can capture and resolve 250 sets of echoes in 1 second. (Note: The sound waves are counted as a group at a time.) By making a high-pitched sound and being able to determine the orientation and distance of objects based on echoes, this ability can help bats accurately determine the location of their prey and effectively bypass trees, buildings, etc. Based on this theory, humans invented radar.
Canine snout bat
< h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > three ecological values</h1>
The protection of key species is particularly important in the protection of ecosystems, and once the number of these key species changes significantly, it will lead to the destruction of the balance of the ecosystem. In the tropical and subtropical primeval forests, most tropical plant seedlings can not develop normally in the shadow of the tree, therefore, plant seeds must be spread far away from the parents to ensure the reproduction and spread of the population, fruit bats will bring a large number of fruits away from the mother tree, after eating the fruit, the seeds will be thrown away, the seeds fall to the ground, germinate, take root, and gradually grow into lush plants. Some figs can only germinate after digestion by fruit bats or bird stomachs. Bats are also important pollinators, in fact many flowers will be highly specialized, and even open at night to attract bats, relying on bat pollination.
Color bats
Bats of the vast majority of suborders of small bats prey on insects, and they are the most important controllers of large numbers of nocturnal insects, including mosquitoes, moths, and many Coleoptera pests. A bat can eat an insect equivalent to one-third of its own mass every night, so that a 20-gram bat can eat 200-1000 insects a night, while bats are predators of other carnivores, and there are many animals that prey on bats, including monkeys, lemurs, raccoons, possums, cats, birds of prey, snakes and some other kinds of bats, of which birds and snakes are the main predators, and these birds can capture up to 50% of their daily food requirements.
The excrement accumulated in bat colonies has been used by humans for centuries, and in many tropical countries, it is an economical, high-quality agricultural fertilizer.
Panda bat
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the meaning of folk traditional culture</h1>
Humans have known bats for a long time, and some peoples love bats. In China, because "bat" is homophonous with "fu", the bat is a symbol of auspiciousness, which can be called a Chinese mascot, and gifts with or engraved bats are often used to wish happiness and good luck.
White bats
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > species survival status and conservation measures. </h1>
Although bats are one of the most adaptable mammals, under the influence of modern human economic activities, the natural environment has undergone major changes, the original ecological balance has been destroyed, many misconceptions have also led humans to hunt them in large numbers, and like other animals, many bats are becoming less and less in nature, tending to extinction. The serious endangerment of species is thought-provoking.
In 1996, the IUCN Committee on the Survival of Species (IUCN/SSC) published the 1996 Red List of Threatened Animals, which published the status of bats (pterodactyl), noting that there are 26 species at extreme risk (CR), 32 species at risk (EN), and 173 vulnerable (VN) species, for a total of 231 species, second only to rodents (330 species). Many of the bats (pterodactyls) that have been recorded in China are endemic or rare species, and there are 8 species of bats listed in the Red Book of Endangered Animals in China.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > protect the ecological environment, and it is urgent to protect endangered species. Correct understanding of bats, while rejecting wild game, and protecting the health and safety of our families, this is the embodiment of our correct concept and civilization today! </h1>
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